The Responsibility Of Science

Preface
Contents
Chapter 1: The Responsibility of Science: An Introduction
	Responsibility
	Science
	Lines of Argumentation
Part I: Principles of the Responsibility of Science
	Chapter 2: Responsibility in Science: The Philosophical View
		Introduction
		Responsibility as a Relational Concept of Attribution
			A Conceptual and Methodological Overview
			Normative vs. Descriptive Use
			Types of Responsibility
			The Necessary Personal Integrated Balance of Responsibilities
			Distribution of Responsibility(s)
		On the Question of Responsibility, Especially in the Applied Natural Sciences
		Do Ethics Committees and a Scientific Oath Solve the Moral Problems?
		Co-responsibility Without Sole Responsibility
		Sensitive Co-responsibility: Comments on “Scientific Freedom and Scientific Responsibility”
		Theses on Responsibility in Science
		References
	Chapter 3: The Principle of Responsive Adjustment in Corporate Moral Responsibility: The Crash on Mount Erebus
	Chapter 4: Science as a Profession: And Its Responsibility
		Introduction: Knowledge Is Power?
		Science as a Profession
		Responsibility and Science in Former Times: From (Paid) Hobby to Scientism
		Two Individual Responsibilities of Science: Professional Ethos and Civic Responsibility
		The Scientific Ethos: From Merton to the DFG
		The Threefold Concept of Responsibility and Its Normative Unity
		Science and Values: The New Social Responsibility of Science
		Computer-Aided Simulation as a New Method of Knowledge—New Relationship to Politics
		Consequences of Professionalization, Conclusion
		References
Part II: Insights Into the Quest for Responsibility in Science–Society Interactions
	Chapter 5: Models of Science Policy: From the Linear Model to Responsible Research and Innovation
		The Linear Model of Innovation
		The Grand Challenge Model of Science for Society
		The Co-Production Model of Science and Society
		A Framework of Responsible Research and Innovation
		Discussion and Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 6: Research and Use of Nuclear Energy—Its Ambivalence(s) in Historical Context
	Chapter 7: Institutionalization, Interdisciplinarity, and Ambivalence in Research Situations
		Disciplinary and Interdisciplinary Research Situations
		Indicators of Interdisciplinary Work in Research Groups
		Institutionalization of Research Situations
		Securing Science and Its Freedom Through Institutions: Historical Forms of Institutionalization
			Plato’s Academy Near Athens, Aristotle’s High School in Athens and State Research Center in Alexandria
			University Education of Science-Based Professions Since the Middle Ages
			Non-university Research Institutes Since the Emergence of Science-Based Economy
		Interdisciplinary Research Situation in Non-University Research Institutes: Lessons from the Example of the Kaiser-Wilhelm-Gesellschaft (KWG)
		Ambivalence of the Experimental Method in Research
		References
	Chapter 8: The Application of the Precautionary Principle in the EU
		Introduction
		The Precautionary Principle in EU Law
		Application of the Precautionary Principle Since 2000 by the EU Institutions in Legal Acts
		Application of the Precautionary Principle by the European Courts in Court Rulings from 2000 to 2019
			Definitions of the Precautionary Principle
			Limited Judicial Review of the Precautionary Principle
				Review of Reasons for Triggering the Use of the Precautionary Principle
				Review of Considerations Taken Into Account in the Decision-Making Phase
				Review of the Requirements that Measures Resulting from the Precautionary Principle Must Comply With
			Conclusions on the European Courts’ Application of the Precautionary Principle
		Concluding Remarks
Part III: Science and Responsibility—The Scientists’ Voices
	Chapter 9: Between Parrhesia and Fake: Scientific Responsibility Today
		I
		II
		III
	Chapter 10: The Responsibility of Science for Guaranteeing Human Rights in the Fight Against Human Degradation, Racism and Anti-Semitism
		The Humanistic Mission of Science, Respecting Human Rights, Against Reductionism
		Against Reification and the Degradation of the Living
		Information Creation: An Essential Category for Model and Theory Development and as a General Methodological Guiding Principle!
		The Need for Education and Training Against Racism: The Responsibility of Science in the Fight Against Anti-Semitism
		Deadly Science: The Demand for the Destruction of Life “Unworthy of Life” Was “Scientifically” Justified
		Religious Traditions as a Cause of Anti-Semitism?
		Causes of Anti-Humanism, Racism, Anti-Semitism, and Neo-Nazism in the Contemporary World of Work; A Deeper “Perception” of Life and Human Beings is Also Necessary in the Economy!
		People Must Be Able to Recognize the Meaning and Purpose of Their Existence
		Peace Must Be Secured!
		Science Can Follow Its Humanistic Obligation to Serve Life, to Serve Mankind
	Chapter 11: The Ambivalences of the Digital—Humans and Technology Between New Dreams/Spaces of Possibility and (Un)Noticeable Losses
		Introduction
		Underlying Human Image
		Health and Social Participation
		Education and Digitization
		Economy, Labor, Society
		Regulation
		Ten Key Questions
		Bibliography
	Chapter 12: Heritage Requires Citizens’ Knowledge: The COST Place-Making Action and Responsible Research
		A New, Responsible Role of Science Defined by the European Research Initiatives
			Responsible Research and Innovation
			COST: A Case of RRI?
		Inclusion and Coproduction of Knowledge in Placemaking in Europe
			Placemaking
			Heritage
			Civic Engagement
			Digital Culture
			Focus of Research
		Citizens’ Knowledge: Contrasting, Differentiating, and Adding Perspectives
			The Historic Dimension of Heritage: The Case of Housing Estates in Sub-Saharan African Cities
				Native Housing Estates in Sub-Saharan African Cities
			Contesting and Enriching Perspective: The Cases of the Living Memorial, the Memorial Mapping of Violence Against Women, and Haydarpaşa Train Station
				Living Memorial, Budapest
				Memorial Mapping of Violence Against Women
				Haydarpaşa Train Station
			Citizens’ Knowledge as Substitution for Lost Heritage: The Case of Tirana
				Lost heritage in Tirana
			Reflecting the Four Dimensions of Responsible Research
		Citizens’ Knowledge: Developing Common Perspectives
			Common Ground: Historic Port Areas of Europe and the Russian Tsar Neighborhood of Ljubljana
				Historic Port Areas of Europe
				The Russian Tsar Neighborhood, Ljubljana
			Reflecting the Four Dimensions of Responsible Research
		The Role of Science: From Coproduction of Knowledge to Responsible Science
		References