The Republic and The Laws

Contents
Preface
Abbreviations
Introduction
	The Importance of Cicero’s Republic and Lau/s
	The Background to the Composition of the Republic and Laws-. Cicero’s Career to 54 bc
	Cicero’s Philosophical Education and Affiliations
	The Republic*. Literary Form, Characters, and Setting
	The Purpose of the Republic, and Cicero’s Subsequent Career
	The Laws
	Natural Law
Note on the Text
Note on the Translation
Bibliography
Table of Dates
The Republic
	BOOK 1
	i-12. One should engage in politics
	13-32. Preliminaries, leading to astronomy and its relation to politics
	33-7. Scipio is asked what form of government is best
	38. Scipio clears the ground
	39-42. The three simple forms of government
	43-5. The defects of each form
	46-50. A defence of democracy
	51-3. A defence of aristocracy
	54-64. Pressed to choose one of the simple forms, Scipio prefers monarchy but acknowledges its precarious nature
	65-8. The instability of simple forms
	69. A mixed constitution is the best
	70-1. The example of the Roman constitution
	BOOK 2
	1-11. The foundation of Rome
	12-44. The period of the kings
	45-51. Tarquinius Superbus turns into a tyrant and is expelled
	52.-6. Publicóla maintains the Senate’s authority by making concessions to the people
	57-60. More substantial concessions are exacted by the people
	61-3. The Board of Ten draft a code of law. Their successors prove inferior
	64-6. Scipio recapitulates
	67-70. The ideal statesman
	BOOK 3
	1-7. The abilities and achievements of man
	8-28. Philus argues that injustice is necessary and advantageous
	32-41. Laelius maintains that justice is necessary for a state’s stability
	BOOK 4
	Education
	3-8. A critique of Greek customs
	9-12. The damage done by dramatists
	BOOK 5
	The ideal statesman
	BOOK 6
	i-2. The problem of political control
	9-29 The Dream of Scipio*
The Laws
	BOOK 1
	1-15. Poetic and historical truth. The dearth of Latin historians. The scene is set
	16-35. The nature of law must be sought in the nature of man. Man is a single species which has a share in divine reason and is bound* together by a partnership in justice
	36-52. The foregoing principles will be supported by all who hold that the virtues are to be sought for their own sake
	52-7. Definitions of the Highest Good
	58-63. Philosophy enables men to know themselves and their place in the natural order
	BOOK 2
	1-7. The scene is set
	7-17. Recapitulation of natural law
	18-22. Religious laws
	23-69. Comments on the foregoing laws
	BOOK 3
	1-11. Introduction, followed by the proposed laws
	12-47. Comments on the laws
	48-9. A discussion is adumbrated on the legal powers of magistrates
Appendix: Notes on the Roman Constitution
Explanatory Notes
	The Republic
	The Laws
Index of Names