The Relationship between Roman and Local Law in the Babatha and Salome Komaise Archives: General Analysis and Three Case Studies on Law of Succession, Guardianship and Marriage (Studies on the Texts of the Desert of Judah)

Contents
......Page 6
Preface......Page 12
List of Abbreviations......Page 14
GENERAL INTRODUCTION......Page 16
Introduction......Page 18
Th e Babatha archive......Page 20
Babatha and her family......Page 22
Th e Salome Komaise archive......Page 27
Salome Komaise and her family......Page 30
Women\'s archives......Page 32
Continuity and change: obtemperare legibus nostris Traianus conpulit imperator?......Page 34
\'Reichsrecht und Volksrecht\' and confl ict of law......Page 40
Previous treatment of legal issues in relation to present study......Page 46
a. the meaning of law or legal system......Page 58
b. Jewish law at the time of the archives......Page 59
c. Roman law at the time of the archives......Page 65
Method......Page 68
Sources......Page 70
Note on extent of legal detailing......Page 71
PART ONE THE LAW BEHIND THE DOCUMENTS: EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL EVIDENCE......Page 72
Introduction to part I......Page 74
I. Language and Law......Page 78
Greek as language used in legal documents......Page 79
Roman vs. indigenous courts?......Page 88
Greek vs. Aramaic?......Page 93
Choice of language is choice of law?......Page 99
II. Conclusions......Page 103
P.Yadin 2 and 3: a Jew amongst Nabataeans......Page 108
P.Yadin 6: Jews conducting business in Nabataean......Page 112
P.Yadin 8 and 9: diff erent yet the same......Page 122
P.Hever 60 and 12: Aramaic where Greek is expected......Page 130
P.Yadin 5, 17: depositing \'according to the law of deposit\'......Page 132
P.Yadin 11: loan from a Roman centurion......Page 171
P.Yadin 21–22, 23–24: a sale without capacity to dispose?......Page 183
Overview......Page 196
Th e use of languages against the background of the parties......Page 199
Law behind the documents......Page 201
Language and references to law......Page 203
General-specific......Page 205
Language and references to law......Page 208
Formal-substantive......Page 210
II. Conclusions......Page 219
PART TWO THE LAW BEHIND THE DOCUMENTS: CASE STUDIES......Page 222
Introduction to part II......Page 224
Chapter Four: Law of Succession......Page 228
Son......Page 229
Other children/wife in presence of a son......Page 235
In absence of a son......Page 241
What law determined the order of succession found in the documents?......Page 252
Evidence from legal code and documents......Page 261
Conclusions......Page 265
Mesopotamian law anterior to Hammurabi\'s Code......Page 266
Old Babylonian law......Page 270
Excursus: the daughter-heir in Athenian law......Page 274
a. Old Assyrian......Page 277
b. Middle Assyrian......Page 279
c. Neo-Assyrian......Page 281
Nuzi......Page 282
Overview......Page 286
Hittite Laws......Page 289
Emar......Page 292
Alalakh......Page 296
Ugarit......Page 299
Overview......Page 304
Excursus: Elephantine......Page 305
Overview......Page 307
Conclusions......Page 309
CHAPTER FIVE GUARDIANSHIP......Page 314
Th e case of Babatha\'s son Jesus......Page 315
Th e appointment of the guardians......Page 316
Th e dispute about maintenance......Page 334
Th e actio tutelae......Page 345
Contents and formalities......Page 351
Excursus: did Babatha win her case?......Page 359
Th e case of Judah\'s nephews......Page 361
Evidence pro and contra......Page 369
Two legal concepts?......Page 381
Th e demands of formal law: the case of P.Yadin 27......Page 383
III. Conclusions (Chapter Six: Marriage)......Page 387
CHAPTER SIX MARRIAGE......Page 393
I. P.Yadin 10: Babatha\'s Document: A Real Ketubba? Structure and most important features of P.Yadin 10......Page 394
Th e ketubba and its legal implications......Page 403
Babatha\'s sale of the dates......Page 404
Babatha\'s dispute with Besas......Page 406
Babatha\'s dispute with Miryam......Page 408
Conclusions......Page 411
Structure and most important features of P.Yadin 18......Page 413
Jewish, Hellenistic, or is it?......Page 416
Conclusions......Page 435
Structure and most important features of P.Hever 65......Page 438
Premarital cohabitation?......Page 439
Agraphos gamos......Page 442
Conclusions: Legal implications of diff erent interpretations......Page 447
IV. Conclusions: What Marriage Documents Can Show Regarding the Development of (Jewish) Law......Page 448
Bibliography......Page 454
Indices......Page 464