The Psychology Of Sport, Performance And Ethics

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The Psychology Of Sport, Performance And Ethics
Table of Contents
Editorial: The Psychology of Sport, Performance and Ethics
	Author Contributions
	Acknowledgments
	References
Does the League Table Lie? The Development and Validation of the Perceived Performance in Team Sports Questionnaire (PPTSQ)
	Introduction
	Materials and Methods
		Participants
		Instrumentation
			Perceived Performance in Team Sports Questionnaire
			The Group Environment Questionnaire
			Team Assessment Diagnostic Instrument
			A Standardized Objective Performance Score
		Procedure
		Statistical Analysis
	Results
		Descriptive Statistics
		Construct Validly (Convergent and Discriminant Validity)
		Reliability
		Concurrent and Predictive Validity
	Discussion
		Theoretical Considerations
		Limitations, Future Directions, and Implications
	Conclusion
	Data Availability Statement
	Ethics Statement
	Author Contributions
	Funding
	Supplementary Material
	References
Implementation of the Video Assistant Referee (VAR) as a Career Change-Event: The Israeli Premier League Case Study
	Introduction
		The Emergence of the Video Assistant Referee System
		Video Assistant Referee as a Career Change-Event
		Study Purpose and Objectives
	Materials and Methods
		Design
		Case Study Context—Video Assistant Referee in the Israeli Premier League
		Participants
		Procedure
		Data Collection and Treatment
			Qualitative Data Collection
			Quantitative Data Measurement
		Data Analysis
		Rigor and Quality of the Case Study
	Results
		The Israeli Video Assistant Referee Experience
		Referees' Perceptions of the Video Assistant Referee
		Demands and Barriers
			Off-Field Demands
			On-Field Demands
			Off-Field Barriers
			On-Field Barriers
		Decisions and Coping
		Support Resources
		Change Process Outcomes
	Discussion
		Study Limitations
		Practical Recommendations
	Data Availability Statement
	Ethics Statement
	Author Contributions
	Acknowledgments
	References
A Preliminary Analysis of the Importance of Distance, Angle, and Insight When Soccer Referees Make Penalty Decisions
	Introduction
	Methods
		Participants
		Procedures
		Analysis
	Results
	Discussion
		Strengths and Limitations
	Conclusion and Practical Implications
	Data Availability Statement
	Ethics Statement
	Author Contributions
	Acknowledgments
	References
Influence of Video Speeds on Visual Behavior and Decision-Making of Amateur Assistant Referees Judging Offside Events
	Introduction
	Materials and Methods
		Participants
		Ethics
		Apparatus
		Visual Behavior Assessment
		Video Test
		Variables
		Procedure
		Statistical Analysis
	Results
		Gaze Behavior
		Decision-Making Performance
	Discussion
		Strengths and Limitations
		Training Perspectives
	Data Availability Statement
	Ethics Statement
	Author Contributions
	References
``Are You Telling the Truth?'' — Testing Individuals' Ability to Differentiate Between Truth and Deceit in Soccer
	Introduction
	Generation of the Stimulus Material
	Study 1A
		Methods
			Participants
			Design, Procedure, and Measures
		Results
		Discussion
	Study 1B
		Methods
			Participants
			Design, Procedure, and Measures
		Results
			Main Analyses
			Additional Analyses
		Discussion
	Study 2
		Methods
			Participants
			Design, Procedure, and Measures
		Results
			Main Analyses
			Additional Analyses
		Discussion
	General Discussion
	Data Availability Statement
	Ethics Statement
	Author Contributions
	Funding
	References
The Moral Gatekeeper: Soccer and Technology, the Case of Video Assistant Referee (VAR)
	Referees' Mistakes in Sport
	Psychological Biases
	Physical Limitations
	Sports and Technology
	Technology and Refereeing
	Soccer and Var
	Conclusion
	Author Contributions
	References
Development of the Referee Shared Mental Models Measure (RSMMM)
	Introduction
		Research Hypotheses
	Materials and Methods
		Sample
			Study I
			Study II
			Study III
		Measures
			Shared Mental Models
			Team Work Engagement
			Team Adaptive Performance
			Team Effectiveness
		Procedure
		Data Analysis
	Results
		Merge Samples
			Validity Evidence Based on the Internal Structure
				Items' distributional properties
				Dimensionality
				Reliability of the scores: Internal consistency
		Study I
			Validity Evidence Based on the Internal Structure
				Dimensionality
				Reliability of the scores: Internal consistency
		Sample II
			Validity Evidence Based on the Internal Structure
				Dimensionality
				Reliability of the scores: Internal consistency
				Measurement invariance
		Sample III
			Validity Evidence Based on the Internal Structure
				Dimensionality
				Reliability of the scores: Internal consistency
			Validity Evidence Based on the Relation With Other Variables
				Measurement model
				Structural model
	Discussion
		Limitations and Directions for Future Research
	Data Availability Statement
	Ethics Statement
	Author Contributions
	Funding
	Acknowledgments
	References
Superior Performance in Skilled Golfers Characterized by Dynamic Neuromotor Processes Related to Attentional Focus
	Introduction
	Materials and Methods
		Participants
		Measures
		Golf Putting Task
		Experimental Conditions
		Manipulation Check
		EEG Recording
		Procedure
		Data Analysis
		Behavioral Data
		EEG Data
		Statistical Analysis
	Results
		Manipulation Check
		Behavioral Results
		Putting Success Rate and Accuracy
		EEG Parameters
		Control Analysis
		Frequency Specificity
		Learning and Fatigue Effect on EEG Coherence and Putting Performance
	Discussion
	Data Availability Statement
	Ethics Statement
	Author Contributions
	References
Cognitive Interaction Technology in Sport—Improving Performance by Individualized Diagnostics and Error Prediction
	1. Introduction
	2. Retrieval and Analysis of Mental Representation Structures With SDA-M
		2.1. Task Analysis
		2.2. Step A: Split Procedure and Distance Scaling
		2.3. Step B: Hierarchical Clustering and Visualization
		2.4. Step C: Automatized Algorithmic Assessment of SDA-M Data
	3. Methods
		3.1. Statement of Ethical Approval
		3.2. Participants
		3.3. Procedure
			3.3.1. Recapitulation and Learning Phase
			3.3.2. SDA-M Introduction and Split Procedure
			3.3.3. Movement Sequence Execution Test
		3.4. Data Analysis
	4. Results
	5. Discussion and Ethical Considerations
	Data Availability Statement
	Ethics Statement
	Author Contributions
	Funding
	Acknowledgments
	References
Exploring the Implicit Link Between Red and Aggressiveness as Well as Blue and Agreeableness
	Introduction
	Experiment 1
		Methods
			Participants
			Stimuli and Pilot Test
			Design and Procedure
		Results and Discussion
	Experiment 2
		Method
			Participants
			Materials and Procedure
		Results and Discussion
	Discussion
	Conclusion
	Data Availability Statement
	Ethics Statement
	Author Contributions
	Funding
	Acknowledgments
	References
Morality and Values in Sports Among Young Athletes: The Role of Sport Type and Parenting Styles – A Pilot Study
	Introduction
		The Current Study
	Materials and Methods
		Participants and Procedure
		Measures
		Parental Authority Questionnaire
		Attitudes to Moral Decision-Making in Youth Sport Questionnaire
		Youth Sport Values Questionnaire
		Ethics
	Results
		Testing the Research Hypotheses
	Discussion
	Data Availability Statement
	Ethics Statement
	Author Contributi ons
	References
No Cutting Corners: The Effect of Parental Involvement on Youth Basketball Players in Israel
	Introduction
		Parental Influence on the Youth Player
		Israeli Parental Involvement in Sporting Activity
		Gender and Family Roles in Parental Involvement
	Methodology
	Results
		Descriptive Statistics
		Correlations
		Mediation Effect
	Discussion
	Data Availability Statement
	Ethics Statement
	Author Contributions
	Acknowledgments
	Supplementary Material
	References
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