The Primate Visual System: A Comparative Approach

Contents......Page 7
Preface......Page 11
List of Contributors......Page 13
1.1 Introduction......Page 17
1.2 The phylogenetic background to primate vision......Page 25
1.3 Comparative analyses of cranial dimensions......Page 30
1.4 Evolution of color vision......Page 41
References......Page 48
2.1 Introduction......Page 53
2.2 Fundamental organization and development of the retina......Page 54
2.3 Neurogenesis......Page 55
2.4 Topology and specification of cell-type subcategories......Page 58
2.5 Lamination; synaptogenesis; axon outgrowth; and cell death......Page 62
2.6 Emmetropization......Page 64
2.7 Scaling the eye......Page 65
2.8 Producing the nocturnal eye......Page 68
2.9 Mechanisms of the genesis of the fovea centralis in primate retina......Page 72
2.10 Summary......Page 82
References......Page 83
3.2 Structure of visual pigments......Page 89
3.3 Visual pigment genes in primates......Page 90
3.4 Origin of duplication in Old World primates......Page 94
3.5 L and M gene variation in Old World primates......Page 97
3.6 Color vision in platyrrhines and prosimians......Page 100
3.7 Evolution of trichromacy......Page 105
3.8 Summary and conclusions......Page 109
References......Page 110
4.1 Introduction: sampling and retinal specialization......Page 115
4.2 Spatial sampling: signals, noise and image statistics......Page 119
4.3 Color......Page 125
4.4 Nocturnality and the origins of primate vision......Page 135
References......Page 137
5.2 Outer retina......Page 143
5.3 Bipolar cell circuitry......Page 144
5.4 Parallel pathways......Page 149
5.5 Ganglion cell morphology......Page 151
5.6 Ganglion cell physiology – information processing and transfer......Page 160
References......Page 168
6.1 Introduction......Page 177
6.2 The anatomical organization of the LGN......Page 178
6.3 The classification of LGN cells......Page 181
6.4 Basic receptive field properties of LGN cells......Page 183
6.5 Nonlinear response properties of LGN cells......Page 195
References......Page 202
7.1 Introduction......Page 207
7.2 Cell types and basic circuitry of the LGN......Page 209
7.3 Response properties: A brief overview......Page 210
7.4 Organization of extraretinal inputs......Page 212
7.5 Concluding remarks and remaining questions......Page 220
References......Page 222
8.1 Superior colliculus......Page 229
8.2 Pretectum......Page 250
8.3 Accessory optic system......Page 263
8.4 Pregeniculate complex......Page 267
References......Page 269
9.1 Introduction......Page 283
9.2 Features of visual cortex organisation that early primates retained from non-primate ancestors......Page 284
9.3 Features of visual cortex in early primates......Page 287
9.4 Visual cortex of tarsiers......Page 292
9.5 Anthropoid primates......Page 293
9.6 Hominid visual cortex......Page 294
9.7 Conclusions......Page 295
References......Page 296
10.1 Abstract......Page 301
10.2 Processing of visual motion in the primate brain......Page 302
10.3 Action which depends on motion processing: smooth pursuit eye movements......Page 303
10.4 Comparing motion processing underlying perception and smooth pursuit eye movements......Page 305
10.5 Initiation of smooth pursuit eye movements......Page 308
10.6 Cancelation of self-induced retinal image motion during execution of SPEM......Page 311
10.7 Smooth pursuit eye movements and motor learning......Page 312
10.8 Pursuit-related activity and its frame of reference......Page 314
10.9 Contributions of area MST to motion perception......Page 317
10.10 Motion processing for actions other than eye movements......Page 320
References......Page 322
11.1 Introduction......Page 327
11.2 Psychophysical correlates of retino-geniculate pathways......Page 328
11.3 Modeling low-level color vision processing......Page 337
11.4 Central visual pathways......Page 346
11.5 The cortical representation of motion......Page 357
11.6 Conclusion......Page 364
References......Page 365
Index......Page 375