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A practical guide to passive investing
Time and again, individual investors discover, all too late,
that actively picking stocks is a loser's game. The
alternative lies with index funds. This passive form of
investing allows you to participate in the markets relatively
cheaply while prospering all the more because the money saved
on investment expenses stays in your pocket.
In his latest book, investment expert Richard Ferri shows you
how easy and accessible index investing is. Along the way, he
highlights how successful you can be by using this passive
approach to allocate funds to stocks, bonds, and other
prudent asset classes.
- Addresses the advantages of index funds over portfolios
that are actively managed
- Offers insights on index-based funds that provide
exposure to designated broad markets and don't make bets on
individual securities
- Ferri is also author of the Wiley title: The ETF
Book and co-author of The Bogleheads' Guide to
Retirement Planning
If you're looking for a productive investment approach that
won't take all of your time to implement, then The Power
of Passive Investing is the book you need to read.
Q&A with Author Rick
Ferri
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Author Rick Ferri
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What is passive investing?
Passive investing is about achieving the returns you need in
the markets by using low cost index funds and exchange-traded
funds. Passive investing is all about earning your fair share
of financial market returns whether the market is US stocks,
international stocks, bonds, commodities, or any combination of
those investments.
The opposite of passive investing is active investing. This is
the act of trying to beat the markets by using an infinite
number of higher-cost strategies that probably won’t work.
Nobel Laureates in Economics have been telling us for decades
that passive investing is a better investment strategy than
active investing.
The Power of Passive Investing brings
many of those studies together in one book.
How is this book different from your previous ones, such as
The ETF Book, All About Asset Allocation, and
All About Index Funds?
My previous books explain how to select low-cost index funds
and ETFs, and how to create a portfolio using these funds.
The Power of Passive Investing provides the proof about
why this is a superior strategy to trying to beat the markets.
The evidence in the book is irrefutable.
Who is the target audience of this book?
The Power of Passive Investing is written for any
investor who wants to understand more about the mutual funds
they are investing in, including people who have a 401(k) or
similar work savings plan. It’s also an important book for
brokers and consultants who make a living recommending mutual
funds and ETFs, as well as banks, trust departments and
investment advisors who manage other people’s money. Finally,
it’s a particularly important book for people who oversee
endowments, foundations, and pension funds.
An observation you make is that while it’s possible to beat
the market, it’s not probable. What are the odds a mutual fund
will beat the market?
Mutual fund companies that try to beat the market argue that
it’s possible to do so. They are right. It is possible; it’s
just not probable, and the payout stinks.
Active managers often point to Warren Buffett, the famous CEO
of Berkshire Hathaway as an example. They imply that since
Warren beats the markets that we should believe that they, too,
will win. That’s nonsense. Here are three reasons why it can’t
be true:
About one-third of mutual funds go out of business every 10
years, and about 50 percent are defunct after 20 years. Only
about 1 in 3 of the surviving funds outperform index funds.
Surviving funds are the ones that don’t close, and it assumes
you know which ones those will be, which is not possible. The
excess return from the winning surviving funds doesn’t come
close to the shortfall from the losing funds, and this is
before accounting for the losses in the defunct funds before
they closed.
The Power of Passive Investing explains the near
certainty that a portfolio of index funds will beat a portfolio
of active funds over time. Tell me about this
conclusion.
We’ve addressed one mutual fund versus one index and the low
probability for active fund success. But that’s doesn’t define
the whole problem because people don’t own just one mutual
fund. They own several funds across diversified asset classes
such as US stock, international stock, bonds, real estate, and
so forth.
Having several active funds in a portfolio exponentially lowers
the probability that the portfolio will beat a comparable index
fund portfolio. As more active funds are added, and the longer
their held, the probability that a portfolio of index funds
will outperform the active fund portfolio increases
dramatically to the point where the index funds have a 99
percent probability of outperforming a comparable portfolio of
active funds. Now that’s something that all investors should
consider!
Why do active investing strategies fail to beat the market
for the vast majority of investors?
There are several reasons that active funds fail to deliver,
not the least is the cost of trying to beat the markets.
Hundreds of thousands of investment managers, investment
advisors, brokers, mutual funds manager, pension funds
managers, banks, trust departments, individual investors,
traders, etc., are attempting to out-fox the markets. They
spend hundreds of billions of dollars each year trading
securities, paying managers and consultants, buying research,
etc. The cost of trying to beat the market makes doing so
impossible for most people.
A second reason investors fail to beat the market is due to
poor behavior. They seek high returns by looking in the wrong
places for outperformance. Active investors chase after past
performance, they chase star ratings, and they chase the news.
They’re putting money in places today where they should have
already had money. This tail chasing game costs investors
dearly.
You make the case for low-cost index funds. But mutual fund
fees aren’t the only cost. What other costs do investors
bear?
There are trading costs, commissions, advisor fees, taxes,
12b-1 fees, administrative costs, research costs and the list
goes on. Much of these costs are hidden from investors. For
example, most investors in 401(k) plans don’t provide investors
good transparency on the costs they’re paying.
Another bastion of gluttony is high advisor fees. This issue is
just starting to come out in the media. The typical investment
advisor charges one percent per year to manage a portfolio of
mutual funds for clients. That’s crazy-high given the huge
advances in portfolio management software and other technology
that have occurred over the years. Advisors today should be
able to handle five times the amount of clients with half the
amount of staff than they did in the 1990s. These productivity
gains have not been passed on to clients in the form of lower
fees.
What should investment advisers charge their
clients?
Well, it’s not one percent, which is the ‘standard fee’ you’ll
hear in the marketplace. I believe Investors shouldn’t pay more
than 0.5 percent per year to an advisor, and probably less. My
firm, Portfolio Solutions, charges only 0.25 percent in annual
fees. We’ve been charging this low fee for more than a decade,
and it has saved our clients millions of dollars over the
years. That’s real money is in their pockets.
Why do so many people try to beat the market if the proof
that passive investing outperforms active investing is
irrefutable?
There’s big advertising dollars promoting active management -
much more than passive managers can afford. Remember, actively
managed funds charge 5 to 10 times the fee of a comparable
index fund. Much of this huge revenue stream is spent
bombarding the public with nonsense about how active mangers
can beat the market, and it basically ensures that the truth
about passive investing gets lost in the noise.
Did you know that for every new book published on passive
investing there are at least a dozen books published on how you
can beat the market? Did you know that for every media
interview with a passive investing advocate like myself there
are at least 100 interviews with people who claim they can beat
the market?
It’s actually amazing to me that any information about passive
investing gets to the public, and it’s a credit to investors
who have looked beyond the smoke and mirrors.
How can someone adopt a passive investment strategy? What’s
the first step?
The answer is to start learning the real facts about the
markets and investing. You can start with
The Power of
Passive Investing if you’re already knowledgeable about
mutual fund investing. I’ve also written several how-to books
on low-cost index fund investing, exchange-traded funds, asset
allocation and planning for retirement.