The Portuguese Empire in Asia, 1500-1700 : A Political and Economic History

The Portuguese Empire in Asia, 1500–1700......Page 2
Contents......Page 8
Abbreviations......Page 11
Maps......Page 12
Tables......Page 13
Acknowledgments......Page 15
Preface to the Second Edition......Page 16
Preface to the First Edition......Page 18
Introduction: The Mythical Faces of Portuguese Asia......Page 20
1 Early Modern Asia: Geopolitics and Economic Change......Page 30
Fifteenth- and Sixteenth-century States......Page 32
The Circulation of Elites......Page 41
Towards a Taxonomy......Page 46
Long-term Trends......Page 49
Crown and Nobility......Page 52
In Search of a Bourgeoisie......Page 59
Mercantilism and Messianism......Page 67
Summing Up......Page 74
3 Two Patterns and Their Logic: Creating an Empire, 1498–1540......Page 78
The Early Expeditions......Page 79
From Almeida to Albuquerque: Defining the First Pattern......Page 86
The Second Pattern: East of Cape Comorin......Page 93
The Logic at Work: Portuguese Asia, 1525–40......Page 97
Towards the “Crisis”......Page 102
Notes......Page 104
4 The Mid-Sixteenth-century “Crisis”......Page 106
The Dilemmas of Joanine Policy......Page 107
Sás, Sousas, and Castros: Portuguese Asian Officialdom in the Crisis......Page 115
The Mid-century Debate......Page 123
The Far Eastern Solution......Page 126
The Estado in 1570......Page 132
Notes......Page 133
5 Between Land-bound and Sea-borne: Reorientations, 1570–1610......Page 134
Trade and Conquest: The Spanish View......Page 135
Spain, Portugal, and the Atlantic Turning......Page 139
Girdling the Globe......Page 143
The “Land” Question......Page 149
The Maritime Challenge......Page 160
Concessions and Captains-Major......Page 164
The Beginnings of Decline?......Page 169
6 Empire in Retreat, 1610–1665......Page 172
Political Reconsolidation in Asia, 1570–1610......Page 173
Syriam and Hurmuz: The Beginnings of Retreat......Page 179
Reform and Its Consequences......Page 186
The Decade of Disasters: Portuguese Asia in the 1630s......Page 191
Restoration, Truce, and Failure, 1640–52......Page 200
The Retreat Completed, 1652–65......Page 205
Asians, Europeans, and the Retreat......Page 207
Notes......Page 208
7 Niches and Networks: Staying On, 1665–1700......Page 210
The Cape Route and the Bahia Trade......Page 211
The Vicissitudes of the Estado: The View from Goa......Page 217
Mozambique, Munhumutapa, and Prazo Creation......Page 225
The Portuguese of the Bay of Bengal......Page 230
Survival in the Far East: Macau and Timor......Page 236
The Portuguese, Dutch, and English: A Comparison......Page 241
8 Portuguese Asian Society I: The Official Realm......Page 246
The Problem of Numbers......Page 247
The World of the Casado......Page 255
Networks, Fortunes, and Patronage......Page 262
“Portuguese” and “Foreigner”......Page 269
Rise of the Solteiro......Page 272
The Impact on Portugal......Page 276
9 Portuguese Asian Society II: The Frontier and Beyond......Page 280
Renegades and Rebels......Page 281
Mercenaries, Firearms, and Fifth Columnists......Page 288
Converts and Client Communities......Page 293
A Luso–Asian Diaspora?......Page 298
10 Conclusion: Between Banditry and Capitalism......Page 304
Glossary......Page 314
A Note on Quantitative Data......Page 322
Bibliography......Page 326
Maps......Page 342
Index......Page 352