The Politics of Truth and Reconciliation in South Africa: Legitimizing the Post-Apartheid State

COVER......Page 1
HALF-TITLE......Page 3
SERIES-TITLE......Page 5
TITLE......Page 7
COPYRIGHT......Page 8
CONTENTS......Page 9
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS......Page 11
NOTES ON THE CONTRIBUTORS......Page 13
INTRODUCTION......Page 15
Part 1: conceptual and methodological issues......Page 17
Part 2: international case studies......Page 19
Part 3: the future of judicial review and bureaucratic impact......Page 23
PART ONE CONCEPTUAL AND METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES......Page 27
INTRODUCTION......Page 29
WHAT IS JUDICIAL REVIEW?......Page 30
An English, rights-based, rule-of-law model......Page 31
A US separation-of-powers-based, institutional-design, model......Page 33
Comparison of the English and US models......Page 35
A hybrid Australian model......Page 37
Comparison of the Australian with the English and US models......Page 39
An Indian public-interest-based, social-justice model......Page 41
Discussion......Page 44
STUDYING THE IMPACT OF JUDICIAL REVIEW ON BUREAUCRATIC BEHAVIOUR......Page 45
THE LIMITS OF IMPACT STUDIES......Page 54
CONCLUSION......Page 56
INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND......Page 57
The impact of what?......Page 60
Judicial review as process......Page 61
Judicial review as judgments......Page 65
Legal norms, values and principles......Page 68
Bureaucracy......Page 70
Organisational contexts......Page 71
Types of impact......Page 73
RESEARCHING AND ASSESSING IMPACTS......Page 78
Different perspectives: positivism and interpretivism......Page 79
The importance of the administrator’s perspective......Page 83
The contingent meaning of law in the bureaucracy......Page 85
Dynamic interactions between the courts and bureaucracy......Page 86
CONCLUDING COMMENTS......Page 87
DEVELOPMENT OF AMERICAN IMPACT AND IMPLEMENTATION RESEARCH......Page 90
THE FOCUS OF THIS CHAPTER......Page 92
A HEURISTIC MODEL OF AGENCY REACTIONS......Page 97
Step 1: interpretation......Page 99
Step 2: the agency search......Page 101
Step 3: implementation of behavioural response......Page 105
FACTORS AFFECTING CHOICE OF ADJUSTMENT BEHAVIOUR......Page 109
RESEARCH METHODS......Page 111
CONCLUSION......Page 114
PART TWO INTERNATIONAL CASE STUDIES......Page 115
INTRODUCTION......Page 117
Judicial review in the UK......Page 118
Potential respondents in the UK......Page 120
IMPACT STUDIES IN THE UK......Page 121
THE IMPACT OF JUDICIAL REVIEW ON A TRIBUNAL SYSTEM......Page 129
Different juridical norms, different impacts......Page 131
Statutory criteria......Page 132
Procedural requirements......Page 133
Statutory meaning......Page 135
The doctor on the tribunal......Page 136
The giving of reasons......Page 137
LEARNING FROM THE SPECIFIC......Page 139
FURTHER STUDY......Page 141
INTRODUCTION......Page 143
METHODOLOGY AND CONTEXT......Page 146
ORGANISATION OF ANALYSIS......Page 147
SOFT LAW AS AN EXECUTIVE–JUDICIAL DIALOGUE ON DISCRETION......Page 148
Social welfare eligibility determinations: the ‘spouse-in-the-house’ rule......Page 155
Immigration determinations: ‘humanitarian and compassionate’ grounds......Page 160
Customs seizure determinations: the definition of ‘obscenity’......Page 166
TOWARD A SOCIO-LEGAL APPROACH TO SOFT LAW......Page 169
JUDICIAL REVIEW IN AUSTRALIA......Page 175
THE JUDICIAL REVIEW PROJECT......Page 177
METHODOLOGY......Page 178
Boundaries of the study......Page 179
Contacting agencies and solicitors......Page 180
Practical barriers to research......Page 181
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS......Page 182
General observations......Page 185
Question 2: the final outcome in the case......Page 186
Applicant responses......Page 187
Agency responses......Page 189
Agency responses......Page 190
Profile of the cases in the survey......Page 196
Clarity of the legal issues involved in a case......Page 197
CONCLUSIONS......Page 200
INTRODUCTION......Page 204
The ‘old Court’: from establishment to 1980......Page 205
The ‘new Court’: judicial activism since 1980......Page 207
Judicial review and the institution of the High Court of Justice......Page 210
Terrorism and torture in Israel: a brief legal history......Page 212
Torture and judicial review: a conceptual analysis......Page 218
Methodology......Page 222
Studying the impact of judicial review in the 1990s (the ‘regulation’ regime)......Page 223
Petitions to the HCJ regarding torture......Page 224
Studying the arena of interrogations during the 1990s......Page 229
The impact of the HCJ decision in the GSS Case......Page 231
CONCLUSION......Page 233
INTRODUCTION......Page 235
IMPLEMENTATION AS POLICY-MAKING: A SPIRALLING AND SPRAWLING PROCESS......Page 238
JUDGE & CO.......Page 240
Arkansas......Page 243
Texas......Page 247
Santa Clara County......Page 251
Eyes and ears of the court......Page 257
Corrections experts......Page 258
Floating trial balloons and taking heat for the boss......Page 260
CONCLUSION......Page 261
PART THREE THE FUTURE OF JUDICIAL REVIEW AND BUREAUCRATIC IMPACT......Page 263
CHAPTER NINE JUDICIAL REVIEW AND BUREAUCRATIC IMPACT: THE FUTURE OF EUROPEAN UNION ADMINISTRATIVE LAW......Page 265
INTRODUCTION: TOWARDS A GENERAL THEORY OF IMPACT?......Page 283
Impact agnosticism......Page 284
The focus of this chapter......Page 285
Political science and socio-legal studies......Page 286
Positivism and interpretivism......Page 288
Top-down and bottom-up approaches......Page 289
Future research......Page 290
THE AWKWARD POSITION OF JUDICIAL REVIEW......Page 291
The changing nature of government......Page 292
Law and competing values......Page 293
Communication matters......Page 294
Future research......Page 295
BRINGING LAW AND SOCIETY BACK INTO JUDICIAL IMPACT STUDIES......Page 296
BIBLIOGRAPHY......Page 299
INDEX......Page 316