The Politics of Ritual Change The zukru Festival in the Political History of Late Bronze Age Emar (Harvard Semitic Monographs)

Contents
Preface and Acknowledgements
Abbreviations
Abbreviations for Texts from Emar and Its Vicinity
Tables
Part 1 The City of Emar and Its zukru Rituals
Chapter 1 Introduction to the City of Emar
	1 Archaeological Excavations at Tell Meskeneh
	2 The Archives of Emar
	3 Emar’s Scribal Distinctions
Chapter 2 The zukru Ritual: The City’s Offering to Dagan
	1 Texts and Translations: Emar 375+ 397 + 401 + 428 + 448* + 449*
		1.1 Text A: Textual and Philological Notes
		1.2 Text B: Textual and Philological Notes
		1.3 Text C: Textual and Philological Notes
		1.4 Text D: Textual and Philological Notes
	2 The zukru Ritual of the City of Emar
	3 Gods and Humans in the zukru Ritual
	4 The Performance of the zukru Ritual
		4.1 Dagan on Parade: The Processional Rites
		4.2 “They Will Smash Their Clods”
		4.3 Between the sikkānu-stones: The zukru’s Sacred Space
		4.4 Anointing the Stones with Blood and Oil
		4.5 Performing the Glorification Ceremonies
		4.6 Donations to the Gods
		4.7 Politics and Food: Feasting in the zukru Ritual
		4.8 Emar 375+: Two Interconnected Rituals?
		4.9 The Interval Between Shorter zukru Performances
		4.10 Copying Rituals
Chapter 3 The zukru Festival: Expansion of Local Traditions
	1 Texts and Translations: Emar 373 + 374 + 376 + 424 + 425 + DercksenKaskal No. 3
		1.1 Textual and Philological Notes
	2 The zukru Ritual in Its Festival Version
	3 zukru Festival Divinity
		3.1 The Deities of the Palace
		3.2 The Completeness of zukru Divinity
	4 The Ritual Transaction: Donations to the Gods
	5 The Sponsors of the zukru Festival
		5.1 The nupuḫannū-men
		5.2 The zirāti-men
	6 The Provisioning of the zukru Festival
		6.1 Animal Offerings: Prestige in Quantity and Quality
		6.2 Offerings of Foodstuff: Underlying Indications of Hittite Involvement
	7 The Performance of the zukru in Its Festival Form
		7.1 All the Gods on Parade: The Processional Rites
		7.2 Feasting and the New zukru Sponsorship
		7.3 Veiling the Face of Dagan
		7.4 Anointing the Stones with Blood and Oil
		7.5 Sacred Space and Dagan’s Perambulation at the sikkānu Gate
		7.6 Days of Consecration
Chapter 4 Part 1 Conclusion: The zukru Traditions
	1 The Meaning of the Word “zukru”
	2 The zukru Rituals: A Synthetic View
Part 2 Politics and Rituals
Chapter 5 Emar in the Late Bronze Age: History, Politics, and Chronology
	1 The Question of Emar’s Relationship to Mittani
	2 Local Politics of Emar: The Conventional Format Documentation
	3 The Hittite Conquest of North Syria
	4 The Role of Hittite Karkamiš in Emar Politics: Evidence of the Free Format Documentation
	5 The Relationship between Local and Foreign Authorities: Chronological Considerations and Political Change
Chapter 6 Politics, Power, and the zukru Festival
	1 The King and the zukru Festival
	2 zukru Practice under Hittite Aegis
	3 Hittite Involvement in Emar’s Cults
	4 Cults of Anatolian Deities at Emar
	5 The Hittite Interest in Emar’s Cults
	6 Historical Context and the Dating of the zukru Texts
Chapter 7 Part 2 Conclusion: Power, Politics, and Change in the zukru Rituals
Bibliography
Index of Ancient Texts