The Politics of Recall Elections

Foreword
Acknowledgements
Contents
Notes on Contributors
List of Figures
List of Tables
Chapter 1: The Politics of Recall Elections
	1.1 Structure of the Volume
	References
Chapter 2: Recall: Democratic Advance, Safety Valve or Risky Adventure?
	2.1 Introduction
	2.2 Diffusion: Why and How Recall Has Been Introduced?
	2.3 Institutional Design and the Incidence of Recall Activation
	2.4 Varied Outcomes
		Turnout, Scale and Strategic Adaptation
	2.5 Representative Democracy and Recall
	2.6 For or Against Recall?
	References
Chapter 3: The Political Theory of the Recall. A Study in the History of the Ideas
	3.1 Introduction
	3.2 The Early History of the Recall
	3.3 The Recall in the United States
	3.4 Marx and the Recall in Europe
	3.5 Lenin and the Recall
	3.6 Gramsci, Luxemburg and Other Socialist Advocates of the Recall
	3.7 Conclusion
	References
		Legal Cases:
Chapter 4: The Recall in France: A long standing and unresolved debate
	4.1 Introduction
	4.2 The History of the Demand for Recall Elections in France
		The Framing of the Demand: Imperative Mandate during the French Revolution (1789–1793)
		A Timid Progression in Times of Revolutionary Ideals (1848–1871)
		The Implantation of Political Unaccountability (1875–1958)
	4.3 Removing Elected Officials Before Completion of Their Term in France
		The President’s Right to Dissolve the National Assembly
		The Parliamentary Right to Remove the President
	4.4 The Yellow Vests Movement and the Return of Recall to the Political Agenda
		The Political Context: Rising Demands for Political Accountability
		The Yellow Vests Movement and Its Proposals for Institutional Reform in France
		Everything but Citizen I&R: The Reception of the Demand
	4.5 Is There a Future for Recall Procedures in France?
		A Large but Fragile Support for Recall Procedures in French Political Opinion
		What Might a French Recall Mechanism Look Like?
	4.6 Conclusion
	References
Chapter 5: Recall Elections in the US: Its Long Past and Uncertain Future
	5.1 Introduction
	5.2 US’s Long Flirtation with the Recall
	5.3 The Comeback of the Recall and Its Current Use
		Is the Recall Designed for Political Use or to Punish Malfeasance?
		Partisan Breakdown of Recalls
		Special Elections Versus General Elections
	5.4 Recalls of Judges
	5.5 Potential of Technological Changes Responsible for the Growth of the Recall
	5.6 Barriers for the Expansion of the Recall
	5.7 Conclusion
	References
Chapter 6: Recall in Japan as a Measure of Vertical Accountability
	6.1 Introduction
	6.2 Theoretical Framework and Working Hypotheses
	6.3 Recall Regulations in Japan
		Recall of the Municipal Assembly, Individual Assembly Members and the Mayor
		Recall of Public Servants
		Audit Request
	6.4 Japan as a Case of Imbalanced Accountability
	6.5 Prominent Recall Cases
		Town of Maki (1996)
		The City of Akune (2010)
		The City of Nagoya (2011)
	6.6 The Japanese Recall Experience in Numbers
		Overview of Recall Attempts, Votes and Successful Outcomes
		Development Over Time
			Recalls as a Contribution to Democratisation
			Recalls Against Mergers and Other Policy Measures
	6.7 Conclusions
	References
		Sources and Government Reports
Chapter 7: Explaining Institutional Change Towards Recall in Germany
	7.1 Introduction
	7.2 An Analytic Framework for Institutional Change Towards Recall
		Actors’ Interests and Ideologies
		Institutional Context
		Policy-Learning
	7.3 Institutional Designs of Recall in German Federal States
	7.4 The Introduction of Direct Recall in the 1990s
		Saxony
		Brandenburg
		Schleswig-Holstein
		Later Institutional Changes Towards Direct Recall in Germany
	7.5 Discussion
	7.6 Conclusion
	References
Chapter 8: Recall Practices in Central and Eastern Europe: From Citizen Accountability to Partisan Account Settling
	8.1 Introduction
	8.2 Why Could a Mayor Be Recalled?
	8.3 Who Is Entitled to Recall a Mayor?
	8.4 Citizens’ Empowerment, or a Tool for Settling Political Accounts?
	8.5 When a Mayoral Recall Bid Becomes a Geopolitical Contest: The Case of Chișinău
	8.6 Conclusions
	References
Chapter 9: The Recall Revival and Its Mixed Implications for Democracy: Evidence from Latin America
	9.1 Introduction
	9.2 The Legal Provisions: Explaining Institutional Change
		The Spread of Recall in the Andes
		Recall in Federal Countries: Argentina and Mexico
	9.3 Evaluating Practices
		Diversity Within a Country: Bolivia and Colombia
		The Mexican Recall and Popular Consultation Law (2019)
	9.4 Discursive Context and Political Institutionalization
	9.5 Discussion
	References
Chapter 10: Reselection and Deselection in the Political Party
	10.1 Introduction
	10.2 Partisanship and Recall
	10.3 Mandatory Reselection, and Deselection
	10.4 Constituency and Responsibility
	10.5 Incentives and Efficiency
	10.6 Conclusion
	References
Chapter 11: Narratives of Executive Downfall: Recall, Impeachment, or Coup?
	11.1 Introduction
	11.2 Getting Rid of the Chief Executive
	11.3 Vertical and Symmetric Procedures
	11.4 Asymmetric Procedures
	11.5 Narratives of Downfall
	11.6 Judging Asymmetric Procedures
		Legality
		Fairness
		Due Process
	11.7 From Narratives to Standards
	References
Chapter 12: On Reconciling Recall with Representation
	12.1 Introduction
	12.2 Background
	12.3 The Theory of Representation
	12.4 The Still Limited Reach of Representative Government
	12.5 Current Recall Experiences
		Healing Effects?
		Buyer’s Remorse
		Losers’ Consent
	12.6 Recall and Representative Government—or “Caesaristic Democracy”?
	References
Index