The Pearson Guide to Inorganic Chemistry for Medical Entrance Examinations

Cover
Contents
Preface
Acknowledgements
Chapter 1: Chemical Bonding
	Bonds
		Valency
		Chemical Bond
			Types of Bonds
		Ionic or Kernel Bond
			Conditions for the Formation of an Ionic Bond
			Born–Haber Cycle
			Properties of Ionic Compounds
		Covalent Bond
			Features of Covalent Compounds
			Sigma Bond
			Pi Bond
			To Find the Number of Sigma and Pi Bonds in a Molecule
		Coordinate or Semi-Polar Bond
		Hydrogen Bond
			Intermolecular H-bonding
			Facts Related to Intermolecular Hydrogen Bonding
			Effects of Intermolecular H-bonding
			Intramolecular H-bonding or Chelation
			Effects of Intramolecular H-bonding
		Metallic Bonding
			Conditions for Formation of Metallic Bond
			Properties Related to Metallic Bond
			Demerits of Electron-Sea Model
		Resonance
			Resonance Energy
			Stability of Different Canonical Structures
			Types of Resonance
		Hybridization
			Facts About Hybridization
			Types of Hybridization
			Rules to Find the Type of Hybridization
			VSEPR (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory)
			sp3 Hybridization
			sp3d Hybridization
			sp3d2 Hybridization
			sp3d3 Hybridization
			Hybridization and Shapes of Some Simple Molecules
			Dipole Moment
			Calculation of Resultant Bond Moments
			Specific Cases of Dipole Moment
		Molecular Orbital Theory
			Facts Related to HoMOs and LuMOs
			Formation of Various Molecular Orbital
			Order of Filling Electrons in Molecular Orbital
			Some Orders Related to Molecular Orbital Theory
			Some Important Features of a Bond
			Bond energy
		Some Important Guidelines
	Multiple-Choice Questions
		Type I: (To Revise the Concepts)
		Type II: (To Sharpen the Concepts)
		Type III: (Concept Crackers)
	Answer Keys
	Hints and Explanations
	A Peep into the AIPMT
	Answer Keys
	Hints and Explanations
	Recent MCQ’s from Entrances
	Answer Keys
	Hints and Explanations
	Assertion and Reason
Chapter 2: Classification of Elements and Periodicity Properties
	Periodic Laws and Periodic Trend in Properties of Elements
		Modern Periodic Law
			Modern Periodic Table
			Long Form of Periodic Table
			Type of Elements
			s-block elements
			p-block elements
			d-block elements
		Nomenclature of Elements with Atomic no. > 100
		Trends in Periodic Properties of Elements
			Atomic Size or Radius
			Factors affecting size
			Variation in the value of radii
			Ionization Enthalpy
			Factors Affecting Ionization Energy
			Variation in value of ionization energy
			Electron Gain Enthalpy or Electron Affinity (EA)
			Factors affecting electron affinity
			Variation in value of electron affinity
			Electronegativity
			Factors affecting electronegativity
			Variation in electronegativity value
			Applications of electronegativity
			Nature of Oxides and Hydroxides
			Nature of Oxy-acids
			Nature of Hydrides
			Atomic Volume
			Boiling Point, Melting Point and Density
			Hydration Energy (Hy) and Lattice Energy (U)
			Ionic Mobility
		Some Important Guidelines
	Multiple Choice Questions
		Gear Up I: (To Revise the Concepts)
		Gear Up II: (To Sharpen the Concepts)
		Gear Up III: (Concept Crackers)
	Answer Keys
	Hints and Explanations
	A Peep into the Aipmt
	Answer Keys
	Hints and Explanations
	Recent MCQ’s from Entrances
	Answer Keys
	Hints and Explanation
	Assertion and Reason
	Answer Keys
Chapter 3: Hydrogen and Its Compounds
	Rogue Element or Hydrogen (11h)
		Introduction and occurrence
		Position in periodic table
	Resemblance of Hydrogen with Alkali Metals (IA)
		(1) Electronic configuration
		(2) Formation of monopositive ion
		(3) Electropositive character
		(4) Valency and oxidation state
		(5) Affinity for non-metals
		(6) Reducing property
	Resemblance with Halogens
		(1) Electronic configuration
		(2) Non-metallic nature
		(3) Atomicity
		(4) Formation of mononegative ions
		(5) Ionization energy
		(6) Oxidation state
		(7) Reaction with metals
		(8) Reaction with non-metals
		(9) Liberation at anode during electrolysis
	Types of Hydrogen
		(1) Active or Atomic Hydrogen
		(2) Nascent hydrogen
		(3) Occluded Hydrogen
		(4) Ortho and Para Hydrogens (Nuclear spin Isomers)
	Methods of Preparation of Dihydrogen
		(1) With Metals
		(2) By the Action of Water on Ionic Hydrides
		(3) From Acids
		(4) From Alkalies
		(5) Lab Method
		(6) By Electrolysis
		(7) Industrial Methods
		Physical Properties
		Chemical Properties
		(3) Reaction with Nitrogen
		(4) Reaction with Non-metals of Oxygen Family
		(5) Reaction with Carbon
		(6) Reaction with Carbon Monoxide
		(7) Reaction with Metals
		(8) Reducing Properties
		(9) Hydrogenation Reactions
	Hydrides
		Types of Hydrides
		(1) Saline or Ionic Hydride (MHn)
		(2) Molecular or Covalent Hydrides
		Preparation
		(1) By Direct Combination of Elements with Hydrogen
		(2) By Reduction of Compounds with Nascent Hydrogen
		(3) By Hydrolysis
		(4) By Reduction of Halides with LiAlH4
		(5) By Electric Discharge
		Properties
		(3) Interstitial or Metallic Hydrides
		Preparation
		Properties
		Structure
		(4) Polymertic Hydrides
	Water
		Structure of Water Molecule
		Physical Properties
		Chemical Properties
	Hard and Soft Water
		Soft Water
		Hard Water
		Reason of Hardness in Water
		Types of Hardness
		(1) Simple or Temporary Hardness
		(2) Permanent Hardness
	Heavy Water or Deuterium Oxide D2O
		Chemical Properties
		Biological & Physiological action of Heavy water
	Hydrogen Peroxide (Auxochrome) H2O2
		Methods of Preparation
		Concentration of H2O2
		Storage of H2O2
		Physical Properties
		Chemical Properties
		Test of H2O2
		Structure of H2O2
		Uses of H2O2
		Strength of H2O2
		Use of Liquid Hydrogen as a Fuel
		Hydrogen Economy
		Advantage of the use of hydrogen as anautomobile fuel
		Hydrates or Hydrated Salts
		Cationic Hydrate (MgCl2 . 6H2O)
		Anionic Hydrate (MgSO4 . 7H2O)
		Lattice Hydrate (Na2CO3 . 10H2O)
		Hygroscopic Substances
		Deliquescent Substances
		Efflorescent substances
	Multiple-Choice Questions Type I (To Revise the Concepts)
	Type II (To Sharpen the Concepts)
	Type III (Concept Crackers)
	Answers Keys
	Hints and Explanations
	Type I
	Type II
	Type III
	A Peep into the Aipmt
	Hints and Explanations
	Recent MCQ’s from Entrances
	Hints and Explanations
	Assertion and Reason
Chapter 4: S-Block Elements Group I
	S - Block Elements
	Alkali Metals [I A]
		General Features
		Electronic Configuration
		Physical Properties
		Physical properties of group 1 elements (Alkali Metals)
		Properties decrease on moving from Li to Cs
		Properties increase on Moving From Li to Cs
		Chemical Properties of Alkali Metals
	Sodium (11NA23)
		Occurrence
		Important Ores
		Extraction
		Reactions
		ClCastner Process
		Physical Properties
		Chemical Properties
		Summery of Important Reactions of Sodium
	Compounds of Sodium Sodium Oxide (Na2o)
		Preparation
		Physio-Chemical Properties
	Sodium Peroxide (NA2O2)
		Preparation
		Physio-Chemical Properties
		Uses
	Caustic Soda or Sodium Hydroxide (NAOH)
		Methods of Preparation
		Reactions
		Description of Cells
		Physical Properties
		Chemical Properties
		Uses of NaOH
	Sodium Chloride (NaCL)
		Preparation
		Physical Properties
		Summary of Some Important Reactions
	Sodium Carbonate or Washing Soda (Na2CO3.10 H2O)
		Methods of Preparation
		Details of the Process
		Physical Properties
		Uses
	Sodium Bicarbonate or Baking Soda (NaHCO3 )
		Preparation
		Properties
		Uses
	Micro Cosmic Salt (NA(NH4) HPO4.4H2O)
		Preparation
		Properties
		Uses
	Potassium (19K39)
		Minerals
		Extraction of Potassium
		Compounds of Potassium
		Oxides
	Potassium Super Oxide KO2
		Preparation
		Properties
		Uses
	Potassium Hydroxide (KOH)
	Potassium Chloride (KCl)
		Occurrence
		Preparation
		Properties
		Uses
	Potassium Carbonate (K2CO3)
		Preparation
		Properties
		Uses
	Potassium Iodide (KI)
		Preparation
		Physio-Chemical Properties
		Uses
	Potassium Sulphate (K2SO4)
		Preparation
		Physio-Chemical Properties
	Potassium Bicarbonates (KHCO3)
		Preparation
		Properties
	Biological Role of Na, K Sodium (Na)
		Functions
		Deficiency
		Potassium (K)
		Function
		Deficiency
	Alkaline Earth Metals and their compounds [IIA (NS2)]
		Electronic Configuration
		Physical Properties
		Trends in Various Properties
		Increases from Be to Ra
		Decreases from Be to Ra
	Chemical Properties and Compounds
		(1) Action of Air
		(2) Reaction with Oxygen
		(3) Formation of Hydroxides M(OH)2
		(4) Formation of Hydrides (MH2)
		(5) Formation of Halides (MX2)
		(6) Formation of Nitrides (M3N2)
		(7) Formation of Carbides
		(8) Formation of Carbonates (MCO3)
		(9) Formation of Sulphates (MSO4)
		(10) Formation of Metal Nitrates [M(NO3)2]
		(11) Formation of Oxalates
		(12) Formation of Amalgams
		(13) Dissolution in Liquid Ammonia
		(14) Complex Formation
		Abnormal Behaviour of Be
		Diagonal Relationship between Be and Al
	Magnesium (12Mg24)
		Occurrence
		Extraction
		(1) By the Electrolysis of anhydrous MgCl2
		Electrolysis
		(2) By Thermal Reduction of MgO
		(3) From MgO.CaO
		Properties
		Uses
	Compounds of Magnesium Magnesia (MgO)
		Preparation
		Properties
		Uses
	Magnesium Chloride (MgCl2)
		Occurrence
		Preparation
		Properties
		Uses
	Magnesium Sulphate or Epsom Salt or Epsomite [MgSO4 .7H2O]
		Preparation
		Properties
		Uses
	Magnesium Hydroxide Mg(OH)2
		Preparation
		Physical-Chemical Properties
		Uses
	Magnesium Carbonate (MgCO3)
		Preparation
		Physical-Chemical Properties
		Uses
	Magnesium Bicarbonate MG(HCO3)2
		Preparation
		Physical-Chemical Properties
	Calcium (20Ca40)
		Occurrence
		Important Ores and Minerals
		Extraction
		Physio-Chemical Properties
		Uses
	Calcium Oxide or Quick–Lime (CaO)
		Preparation
		Physical Properties
		Chemical Properties
		Uses
	Calcium Hydroxide or Slaked Lime Ca(OH)2
		Preparation
		Physical Properties
		Chemical Properties
		Uses
	Calcium Oxide or Marble or Lime Stone (CaCO3)
		Preparation
		Physio-Chemical Properties
		Uses
	Calcium Sulphate Dihydrate or Gypsum (CaSO4 . 2H2O)
		Preparation
		Physio-Chemical Properties
		Uses
	Plaster of Paris (CaSO4 . ½ H2O) or [(CaSO4)2 H2O]
		Preparation
		Physio-Chemical Properties
		Uses
	Bleaching Powder CaOCL2 or Ca(OCl)Cl
		Preparation
		Physio-Chemical Properties
		Uses
	Cement
		Composition of Cement
		Manufacture
		Setting of Cement
		Concrete
		Reinforced Concrete (RCC)
	Biological Role of Mg, Ca
		Magnesium (Mg)
		Deficiency
		Calcium (Ca)
		Some Important Guidelines
	Multiple-Choice Questions Type I (To Revise the Concepts)
	Type II (To Sharpen the Concepts)
	Type III (Concept Crackers)
	Answers Keys
	Hints and Explanations
	Type I
	Type II
	Type III
	A Peep Into the Aipmt
	Answers Keys
	Hints and Explanations
	Recent MCQ’s from Entrances
	Answers Keys
	Hints and Explanations
	Assertion and Reason
	Answers Keys
	Hints and Explanations
Chapter 5: Boron Family IIIA – Group Elements
	IIIA (ns2 np1)
	Electronic Configuration
	Physical Properties
	Chemical Properties
	Compounds
	(1) Hydrides
	(4) Hydroxides
	Boron
		Occurrence
		Extraction of Boron
		(2) Modern Method (Electrolytic Method)
		Physical Properties
		Chemical properties
		Uses
		Anomalous Behaviour of Boron
		Diagonal Relationship between Boron and Silicon
		(1) Occurrence
		(2) Allotropy
		(3) Non-metallic Character
		(4) Semi-Conducting Nature
		(7) Formation of Hydrides
		(8) Reaction with Alkalies
		(9) Formation of Halides
		(10) Formation of Oxides
		(11) Formation of Binary Compounds with Metals
	Compounds of Boron Borax or Tincal (NA2B4O7 . 10H2O)
		Preparation
		Physio-Chemical Properties
		(2) Hydrolysis
		(3) Heating Effect of Borax
		(5) With Ethyl Alcohol and concentraded H2SO4
		Structure of Borax
		Uses
	Boric Acid or Ortho Boric Acid (H3BO3 or B(OH)3)
		Preparation
		Physio-Chemical Properties
		Structure
		Uses
	Hydrides of Boron
	Diborane (B2H6)
		Preparation
		Physio-Chemical Properties
		Structure of Diborane
		Diborane has two type of BH bonds
		Uses
	Boron Nitride (BN)
		Preparation
		Physio-Chemical Properties
		Structure
	Aluminium (9Al27)
		Occurrence
		Ores
		Extraction of Aluminium
		Steps Involving in the Metallurgy of Aluminium
		Calcination of Aluminium Hydroxide
		Electrolysis of Fused Alumina (Hall and Heroult’s Method)
		Refining of Aluminium (Hoope’s Electrolytic Method)
		Physical Properties
		Chemical Properties
		Uses
		Some Important Alloys of Aluminium
		Some Stones of Aluminium
	Aluminium Chloride AlCl3 OR Al2Cl6
		Preparation
		Physical Properties
		Chemical Properties
		Uses
	Aluminium Oxide or Alumina Al2O3
		Physio-Chemical Properties
		Uses
	Alums
		Naming of Alums
		Pseudo Alums
		Some Facts about Alums
	Potash Alum (K2SO4 Al2 (SO4)3 24 H2O)
		Preparation
		Physio-Chemical Properties
		Uses of Alums
	Ultra Marine (Na5 Al3 Si3 S3 O12)
		Gold Schmidt Alumino Thermic Process
	Multiple Choice Questions Type I (To Revise the Concepts)
	Type II (To Sharpen the Concepts)
	Type III (Concept Crackers)
	Answers Keys
	Hints and Explanations
	Type I
	Type II
	Type III
	A Peep Into the Aipmt
	Hints and Explanations
	Recent MCQ’s from Entrances
	Answers Keys
	Hints and Explanation
	Assertion and Reason
Chapter 6: Carbon Family IVA – Group Elements
	[IV (ns2 np2) or Group 14]
	Electronic Configuration
	Physical Properties
	Chemical Properties
	(1) Hydrides
	(2) Halides
	(3) Oxides
	Carbon
		Anomalous Behaviour of Carbon
		Occurrence
		(1) Crystalline Form
		(a) Diamond
		Structure
		Properties
		Uses
		(b) Graphite
		Structure
		Preparation
		Properties
		Uses
		(c) Fullerenes
		(2) Amorphous Form
		Properties of Carbon
	Compounds of Carbon
		Carbon Monoxide
		Preparation
		Physical Properties
		Chemical Properties
		Uses
	Carbon Dioxide O = C = O OR CO2
		Preparation
		Properties
		Chemical Properties
		Uses
		Structure
	Carbon Disulphide (CS2)
		Preparation
		Physio-Chemical Properties
		Uses
	Carbides
		(1) Salt Like or Ionic Carbides
		(2) Metallic or Interstitial Carbides
		Type
		(3) Covalent Carbides
		(4) Border Line Carbides
		(5) Mixed Carbides
		Uses
	Fuels
		Features of a Good Fuel
		Type of Fuels
		Important Gaseous Fuels
		Uses
		Uses
	Silicon and its Compounds Silicon
		Preparation
		Physio-chemical Properties
		Uses
	Compounds of Silicon Carborundum (Silicon Carbide) (SIC)
		Preparation
		Physio-chemical Properties
		Uses
	Silicon Tetrachloride (SiCl4)
		Preparation
		Physio-Chemical Properties
		Uses
	Silicones
		Preparation
		Properties
		Uses
	Silicates
		(i) Orthosilicates
		(ii) Pyrosilicates or Islands
		(iii) Cyclic or Ring Silicates
		(iv) Chain Silicates
		(v) Two Dimensional Sheet Silicates
		(vi) Three Dimensional or Frame Work Silicates
	Glass
		Raw Materials Needed for the Manufacture of Glass
		Manufacture
		Annealing
		Type of Glasses
		Etching of Glass
	Tin and its Compounds Tin (Sn)
		Occurrence
		Ores of Sn
		Extraction of Tin
	Properties of Tin
		Physical Properties
		Chemical Properties
		Uses
	Compounds of Tin Stannous Oxide (SnO)
		Preparation
		Physio-Chemical Properties
	Stannic Oxide (SnO2)
		Preparation
		Properties
		Uses
	Stannous Chloride (SnCl2)
		Preparation
		Physio-Chemical Properties
		Uses
	Stannic Chloride (SnCl4)
		Preparation
		Physio-Chemical Properties
		Uses
	Lead and its Compounds Lead or Plumbum (PB)
		Occurrence
		Ores of Pb
		Extraction
		(1) Air or Self reduction Process
		(2) Carbon Reduction Method
		Purification
	Properties of Lead
		Physical Properties
		Chemical Properties
		Uses
	Lead Mono Oxide or Litharge or Plumbous Oxide or Lead (II) Oxide (PbO)
		Preparation
		Physio-Chemical Properties
		Uses
	Plumbic Oxide or Lead Dioxide or Lead (IV) Oxide (PbO2)
		Preparation
		Physio-Chemical Properties
		Uses
	Red Lead or Tri Lead Tetra-Oxide (Pb3O4)
		Preparation
		Physio-Chemical Properties
		Uses
	Lead (II) Sulphide (PbS)
		Preparation
		Physio-Chemical Properties
		Uses
	Lead (II) Halides or Plumbous Halides (PbX2)
	Lead Chloride or Plumbous Chloride (PbCl2)
		Preparation
		Physio-Chemical Properties
	Lead (IV) Halides or Plumbic Halides (PbX4)
	Lead Tetrachloride or Plumbic Chloride (PbCl4)
		Preparation
		Physio-Chemical Properties
	Lead Acetate or Sugar of Lead (CH3COO)2PB
		Preparation
		Physio-Chemical Properties
		Uses
	Basic Lead Carbonate or White Lead 2PbCO3.Pb(OH)2
		(1) Dutch Process
		(2) Carter’s Process
		(3) Electrolytic Process
		Physio-Chemical Properties
		Uses
	Multiple-Choice Questions Type I (To Revise the Concepts)
	Type II (To Sharpen the Concepts)
	Type III (Concept Crackers)
	Answer Keys
	Hints and Explanations
	Type I
	Type II
	Type III
	A Peep Into the Aipmt
	Hints and Explanations
	Recent MCQ’s from Entrances
	Hints and Explanations
	Assertion and Reason
Chapter 7: Nitrogen Family VA – Group Element
	Nitrogen Family [V (ns2, np3)]
		Electronic Configuration
		Atomic and Physio – Chemical Properties
	Nitrogen (N2)
		Preparation
		Physical Properties
		Chemical Properties
		Uses
	Compounds of Nitrogen Oxides of Nitrogen
		Preparation
	Ammonia (NH3)
		Occurrence
		Preparation
		Favourable Conditions for the formation of Ammonia
		Physical Properties
		Chemical Properties
	Nitrous Acid (HNO2)
		Preparation
		Physical-Chemical Properties
		Structure
	Nitric Acid (HNO3)
		Preparation
		Physical Properties
		Chemical Properties
		Uses
		Phosphorous
		Extraction
	Allotropic forms of Phosphorous
		(1) White Phosphorous
		Physical Properties
		Chemical Properties
		Uses
		(2) Red Phosphorous
		Physical Properties
		Chemical Properties
		Uses
		Structure
		Important Difference between White and Red Phosphorous
		(3) Black Phosphorous
		Properties
	Oxides of Phosphorous
	Phosphorous Trioxide (P4O6)
		Preparation
		Physio-Chemical Properties
	Oxy Acids of Phosphorous
	Hypo Phosphorous Acid (H3PO2)
		Preparation
		Physio-Chemical Properties
	Phosphorous Acid (H3PO3)
		Preparation
		Physio-Chemical Properties
	Orthophosphoric Acid (H3PO4)
		Preparation
		Physio-Chemical Properties
		Uses
	Pyrophosphoric Acid (H4P2O7)
		Preparation
		Physio-Chemical Properties
	Metaphosporic Acid (HPO3)
		Preparation
		Physio-Chemical Properties
		Uses
		Structure
	Hypo Phosphoric Acid (H4P2O6)
		Preparation
		Physio-Chemical Properties
		Structure
	Phosphorous Trichloride (PCl3)
		Preparation
		Physio-Chemical Properties
	Phosphorous Pentachloride (PCl5)
		Preparation
		Physio-Chemical Properties
		Uses
		Structure
	Phosphine (PH3)
		Preparation
		Physical Properties
		Chemical Properties
		Fertilizers
	Multiple-Choice Questions Type I (To Revise the Concepts)
	Type II (To Sharper the Concepts)
	Type III (Concept Crackers)
	Answers Keys
	Hints and Explanations
	Type I
	Type II
	Type III
	A Peep Into the Aipmt
	Hints and Explanations
	Recent MCQ’s from Entrances
	Hints and Explanations
	Assertion and Reason
Chapter 8: Oxygen Family VIA – Group Elements
	Oxygen Family (Chalcogens) VI a ar Group-16 [Ns2 Np4]
		Atomic, Physio-Chemical Properties
		Ionization Enthalpy
		Electronegativity
		Electron Gain Enthalpies
		Metallic Character
		Boiling And Melting Point
		Oxidation States
		Allotropy
		Hydrides [H2M]
		B.P. and Volatile Nature
		Acidic Nature
		Halides
	Oxygen (O2)
		Occurrence
		Preparation
		(1) By Thermal Decomposition of Oxygen Rich Salts
		(2) By Heating Metal Oxides
		(3) By the Action of Water on Acidified KMnO4 and Sodium Peroxide
		(4) Lab method
		Physical Properties
		Chemical Properties
		Uses
		Structure
		Abnormal Behaviour of Oxygen
	Oxides
		(1) Based upon Oxygen Content
		(2) Based upon Nature
	Ozone (O3)
		Occurrence
		Preparation
		(1) Recovery of Pure Ozone from the Ozonised Oxygen
		(2) Electrolysis of Acidified Water
		(3) From Oxygen
		(4) When fluorine reacts with water at very low temperature ozonised oxygen is formed.
		Physical Properties
		Chemical Properties
		Tests of Ozone
		Structure of O3
		Uses
	Sulphur (S)
		Occurrence
		Extraction
		Physical Properties
		Chemical Properties
		Uses
		Allotropic Forms
		(1) Crystalline
		(2) Amorphous
	Compounds of Sulphur Hydrogen Sulphide (H2S)
		Occurrence
		Preparation
		Physical Properties
		Chemical Properties
		Tests of Hydrogen Sulphide
		Structure of H2S
	Oxides of Sulphur
		Sulphur Dioxide (SO 2)
		Preparation
		(1) Lab Method
		(2) By the Action of concentrated H2SO4 on C, S, Cu, Ag etc
		(3) Industrial Methods
		(4) By the Decomposition of Sulphides or Bisulphites
		Physical Properties
		Chemical Properties
		Uses
		Structure
	Sulphur Trioxide (SO3)
		Preparation
		Physio-Chemical Properties
		Structure
	Sulphurous Acid (H2SO3)
		Preparation
		Physio-Chemical Properties
		Uses
		Structure
	Sulphuric Acid (H2SO4 )
		Manufacturing
		(1) Lead – Chamber Process
		(2) Contact Process
		Favourable Conditions for the Formation of SO3
		Process and The Plant Used
		Physical Properties
		Chemical Properties
		Uses
		Structure
		Test of Sulphuric Acid
	Sodium Thiosulphate or Hypo (Na2S2O3 .5H2O)
		Preparation
		Physical Properties
		Chemical Properties
		Uses
	Multiple-Choice Questions Type I (To Revise the Concepts)
	Type II (To Sharpen the Concepts)
	Type III (Concept Crackers)
	Answer Keys
	Hints and Explanations
	Type 1
	Type II
	Type III
	A Peep Into the Aipmt
	Hints and Explanations
	Recent MCQ’s from Entrances
	Hints and Explanation
	Assertion and Reason
Chapter 9: Halogen Family VIIA – Group Elements
	Halogen Family (Sea Salt Forming)
		Electronic Configuration
		Physio-Chemical Properties
	Halogens Fluorine (F2)
		Occurrence
		Preparation
		Physical Properties
		Chemical Properties
		Abnormal Behaviour of Fluorine
	Chlorine
		Occurrence
		Preparation
		Physical Properties
		Chemical Properties
		Uses
	Bromine
		Occurrence
		Preparation
		Physical Properties
		Chemical Properties
		Uses
	Iodine
		Occurrence
		Preparation
		Physical Properties
		Chemical Properties
		Uses
	Hydro Acids (HX)
		Methods of Preparation
		Physical Properties
		Chemical Properties
		Uses
	Oxides of Chlorine
	Dichloro Oxide (CL2O)
		Preparation
		Physio-Chemical Properties
		Structure
	Chlorine Dioxide (CLO2)
		Preparation
		Physio-Chemical Properties
		Structure
	Dichlorine Hexoxide (Cl2O6)
		Preparation
		Physio-Chemical Properties
		Strcuture
	Chlorine Heptoxide (Cl2O7)
		Preparation
		Physio-Chemical Properties
		Structure
	Oxy-Acids of Chlorine
	Hypochlorous Acid (HCLO)
		Preparation
		Physio-Chemical Properties
		Uses
		Structure
	Chlorous Acid (HClO2)
		Preparation
		Physio-Chemical Properties
		Structure
	Chloric Acid (HClO3)
		Preparation
		Physio-Chemical Properties
		Structure
	Perchloric Acid (HClO4)
		Preparation
		Physio-Chemical Properties
		Structure
		Uses
	Bleaching Powder CaOCl2 or Ca(OCl)Cl
		Preparation
		Physio-Chemical Properties
		Uses
		Estimation of Available Chlorine
	Multiple-Choice Questions Type I (To Revise the Concepts)
	Type II (To Sharpen the Concepts)
	Type III (Concept Crackers)
	Answer Keys
	Hints and Explanations
	Type I
	Type II
	Type III
	A Peep Into the AIPMT
	Hints and Explanations
	Recent MCQ’s from Entrances
	Hints and Explanation
	Assertion and Reason
Chapter 10: Noble Gases or Zero Group VIIIA – Group Elements
	VIII A or Group – 18
		Physio-Chemical Properties
		Occurrence
		Discovery of Inert Gases
		Isolation or Separation of Noble Gases from Air
		Compounds of Inert Gases
	Compounds of Xenon
	Xenon Difluoride (XeF2)
		Preparation
		Properties
		Structure of XeF2
	Xenon Tetrafluoride (XeF4 )
		Preparation
		Properties
		With H2O
		Structure
	Xenon Hexafluoride (XeF6)
		Preparation
		Properties
		Structure
		Uses of Inert Gases
	Multiple-Choice Questions Type I (To Revise the Concepts)
	Type II (To Sharpen the Concepts)
	Type III (Concept Crackers)
	Answer Keys
	Hints and Explanations
	Type I
	Type II
	Type II
	A Peep Into the Aipmt
	Hints and Explanations
	Recent MCQ’s from Entrances
	Hints and Explanation
	Assertion and Reason
Chapter 11: Transition Metals Including Lanthanides and Actinides
	Transition Elements
	Physio–Chemical Properties
	In Period
	In Group
	Lanthanide Contraction
	In Group
	Reactivity
	Complex Formation
	Coloured Ion or Coloured Complex Formation
	Comparison of the First Row Transition Metals Through the d-Electron Configuration
		The d0 configuration
		The d1 configuration
		The d2 configuration
		The d3 configuration
		The d4 configuration
		The d5 configuration
		The d6 configuration
		The d7 configuration
		The d8 configuration
		The d9 configuration
		The d10 configuration
	Some General Group Trends in the Chemistry of D-Block (Transition) Metals
		Group 3 (Scandium Group)
		Group 4 (Titanium Group)
		Group 5 (Vanadium Group)
		Uses
		Group 6 (Chromium Group)
		Uses
		Group 7 (Manganese Group)
		Uses
		Groups 8, 9 and 10
		Group 11 (Copper Group)
		Group 12 (Zinc Group)
	Some Important Compounds of Transition Elements
		Oxides
		Halides
		Sulphides
		Potassium Permanganate KMnO4
		Physical Properties
		Chemical Properties
		Uses
	Potassium Dichromate (K2Cr2O7)
		Methods of Preparation
		Properties
		Structure of Chromate and Dichromate
		Uses
	Inner Transition Elements or F-Block Elements
		General Features
	Properties Dependent on Standard Reduction Potential Values [Eº]
		Eº Values Explain these Properties
		Physical Properties
		Magnetic Properties
		Chemical Reactivity
		Lanthanides Contraction
		Cause of Lanthanide Contraction
		Consequences of Lanthanide Contraction
		Actinides or Actinones
		Electronic Configuration
		Oxidation State
		Physical Properties
		Chemical Reactivity
		Magnetic Property
		Unforgettable Guidelines
	Multiple-Choice Questions Type I (To Revise the Concepts)
	Type II (To Sharpen the Concepts)
	Type III (Concept Crackers)
	Answer Keys
	Hints and Explanations
	Type I
	Multiple Choice Questions a Peep Into the Aipmt
	Answers Key
	Hints and Explanations
	Recent MCQ’s from Entrances
	Hints and Explanations
	Assertion and Reason
Chapter 12: Co-Ordination Chemistry
	Co-Ordination Chemistry
		Co-ordination Complex
		Type of Co-ordination Complexes
		Representation of Co-ordinate Complex
		Terms Related to a Complex
		Coordination Sphere
		Central Metal Atom or Ion or Centre of Co-ordination
		Ligand
		Unidentate
		Bidentate
		Tridentate
		Tetradentate
		Pentadentate
		Hexadentate
		Chelating Ligand
		Ambidentate Ligand
		Flexidentate