The Palgrave Handbook of Holocaust Literature and Culture

Acknowledgements
Contents
List of Figures
Chapter 1 Introduction: Approaching the Holocaust in the Twenty-First Century
Part I Memoir
Chapter 2 Elie Wiesel’s Quarrel with God
	Wiesel as Protest Theologian
	A Suffering God
	Silence
	The Gates of the Forest, Twilight, the Forgotten
	Twilight
	The Forgotten
	Conclusion—Significance of Wiesel’s Position
	Bibliography
Chapter 3 Primo Levi’s Last Lesson: A Reading of The Drowned and the Saved
	II
	III
	Bibliography
Chapter 4 What We Learn, at Last: Recounting Sexuality in Women’s Deferred Autobiographies and Testimonies
	Bibliography
Part II Fiction
Chapter 5 Ghetto in Flames: The Warsaw Ghetto Uprising in Early Postwar Jewish Literature
	Reporting the Revolt
	“The Battle of the Warsaw Ghetto”
	The Miracle of the Warsaw Ghetto
	“Yosl Rakover Talks to God”
	Never to Forget: The Battle of the Warsaw Ghetto
	A Flag Is Born and A Survivor from Warsaw
	The Wall
	Bibliography
Chapter 6 The Nazi Beast at the Warsaw Zoo: Animal Studies, the Holocaust, The Zookeeper’s Wife, and See Under: Love
	Animal Studies and the Holocaust
	Diane Ackerman’s The Zookeeper’s Wife
	The Zookeeper’s Wife at the Movies
	See Under: Love
	Conclusion
	Bibliography
Chapter 7 When Facts Become Figures: Figurative Dynamics in Youth Holocaust Literature
	Introduction: The Dynamics of the Figurative
	Anne Frank and Wartime Experimentation
	The Definition of a Genre: Postwar Memoirs
	Maus as a Fulcrum: The Literalization of Metaphor
	Fairy Tales and Figurative Dynamics
	The Holocaust as a Metaphor
	Conclusion
	Bibliography
Chapter 8 Jewish Boys on the Run: The Revision of Boyhood in Holocaust Fiction and Film
	The Perils of Jewish Boyhood Masculinity
	“We Have to Find Somewhere. We Have to.”
	Women to the Rescue
	Bibliography
Chapter 9 “I Sometimes Thought I Was Listening to Myself”: Identity-Deliberation After the Holocaust in Chaim Grade’s “My Quarrel with Hersh Rasseyner”
	“Societies of the Mind”: Self-Deliberation
	Ethical Engagement Through Identity-Deliberation
	Bibliography
Chapter 10 “The Relatedness of the Unrelatable”: The Holocaust as Trope in Caryl Phillips’s The Nature of Blood
	Works Cited
Chapter 11 The Holocaust in Works by Two Yiddish Writers in Argentina: Simja Sneh and Israel Aszendorf
	Simja Sneh
	Israel Aszendorf
	Bibliography
Chapter 12 Edgar Hilsenrath’s Novels: Der Nazi & der Friseur and Berlin… Endstation
	Der Nazi & der Friseur
	Works Cited
Chapter 13 Transit and Transfer: Between Germany and Israel in the Granddaughters’ Generation
	Bibliography
Chapter 14 Holocaust Memories and Polish Catholic Identity: Cultural Transmutations of Warsaw Ghetto Uprising
	Introduction
	Miłosz and Andrzejewski’s Literary Testimonials of the Burning Ghetto
	“Campo di Fiori” and “The Poor Christian Looks at the Ghetto”: The Inadequacy of the Poetic Tradition in the Reality of the Apocalypse
	Holy Week: The Failure to Save Christian Love
	Wajda, Błoński, and Their Failed Politics of the Cultural Memory of the Holocaust
	Błoński and Wajda: The Rhetoric of Moral Transformation
	Błoński: The “Light of Truth” and the Promise of Polish Catholic Greatness
	Wajda: Christian Love in Time of the Apocalypse
	Conclusion
	Bibliography
Chapter 15 Post-Soviet Migrant Memory of the Holocaust
	Bibliography
Chapter 16 Vasily Grossman and Anatoly Rybakov: Soviet Sources of Historical Memory of the Holocaust
	Introduction: The Holocaust East and West
	Life and Fate
		War and Peace
		Convergence: Stalin and Hitler
	Heavy Sand: Squaring the Circle
	Conclusions
	Bibliography
Chapter 17 Refractions of Holocaust Memory in Stanisław Lem’s Science Fiction
	Substitution in The Star Diaries
	Ashes of Memory in Solaris
	Hidden in Highcastle
	Tapping Out Memories in Tales of Pirx the Pilot
	Behind the Masking, First Consideration: Censorship, Lem’s Early Novels, and His Turn Toward SF
	Behind the Masking, Second Consideration: Lem’s Relationship to His Past
	The First Exception: His Master’s Voice
	The Second Exception: “The World as Holocaust” and Faux Book Reviews
	The Future…and the Terminus
	Bibliography
Part III Poetry
Chapter 18 Poetry of Witness and Poetry of Commentary: Responses to the Holocaust in Russian Verse
	Poetry of Witness and Commentary
	Satunovsky (1913–1982)
	Slutsky (1919–1986)
	The Poets as Soviet Jewish Readers
	Lipkin (1911–2003)
	Galich (1918–1977)
	Conclusion
	Bibliography
Chapter 19 “At Last to a Condition of Dignity”: Anthony Hecht’s Holocaust Poetry
	Bibliography
Chapter 20 Wound Marks in the Air and the Shadows Within: A Poetic Examination of Dan Pagis, Paul Celan, and Nelly Sachs
	Bibliography
Chapter 21 The Dark Side of Holocaust Era Poetry: Nazi Poetry Promoting Antisemitism and Genocide
	Introduction: Innocence Preceding the Deluge
	Antisemitic Poetry Saturates the German Public Sphere
	A Bierhaus in Hell
	Germany as an Occupying Power
	The Binary Structure of Nazi Antisemitic Poetry
	Conclusion
	Bibliography
Part IV Film and Drama
Chapter 22 Holocaust Drama Imagined and Re-imagined: The Case of Charlotte Delbo’s Who Will Carry the Word?
	Bibliography
Chapter 23 Wresting Memory as We Wrestle with Holocaust Representation: Reading László Nemes’s Son of Saul
	Re-presenting the Holocaust
	An Innovative Mode of Representing the Holocaust in Film
	Standing Apart from Hollywood
	Influences and Sources
	The Limits of Representation
	Representation and Healing—Psychic Integration
	Bibliography
Chapter 24 Troubled Aesthetics: Jewish Bodies in Post-Holocaust Film
	Invisible Aesthetics: “The Murderers Are Among Us”
	Aesthetic Outlines: Witnessing in “Marianne and Juliane”
	“Phoenix”: The Invisible Beauty of the Survivor
	Bibliography
Chapter 25 Screen Memories: Trauma, Repetition, and Survival in Sidney Lumet’s The Pawnbroker
	Bibliography
Chapter 26 Haunted Dreams: The Legacy of the Holocaust in And Europe Will Be Stunned
	Visual Allusion and Memory
	Complicating Memory
	The Multidirectionality of History
	Art as Countermonument
	Bibliography
Part V Graphic Culture
Chapter 27 “Master Race”: Graphic Storytelling in the Aftermath of the Holocaust
	Conclusion
	Bibliography
Chapter 28 The Challenges of Translating Art Spiegelman’s Maus
	Introduction
	Translating Vladek: The Survivor in Spanish and Other Romance Languages
	Untranslatable Vladek: Auschwitz and Beyond
	Bibliography
Chapter 29 We Are a Long Ways Past Maus: Responsible and Irresponsible Holocaust Representations in Graphic Comics and Sitcom Cartoons
	Introduction
	Responsible Holocaust Comic and Cartoon Representations
	Irresponsible Holocaust Comic and Cartoon Representations
	Conclusion
	Bibliography
Chapter 30 Claustrophobic in the Gaps of Others: Affective Investments from the Queer Margins
	Positioning Survivors’ Descendants
	Feeling Strange
		“Alan”
		“Transparent”
		“Part Hole”
		“The Diary of Mini Horrorwitz”
	Conclusion
	Bibliography
Chapter 31 Recrafting the Past: Graphic Novels, the Third Generation, and Twenty-First Century Representations of the Holocaust
	Drawing the Past in Words and Images
	Generational Transmission
	Recrafting the Past
	Family Stories
	Mapping Memory
	Memory Texts, Memory Objects
	Conclusion
	Bibliography
Chapter 32 X-Men at Auschwitz? Superheroes, Nazis, and the Holocaust
	World War II and the Emergence of the Superhero
	X-Men and the Holocaust
	Mutants, Trauma, and Genocide
	History as Fiction or Fable as Fact?
	Magneto at Auschwitz
	Decoding “Aftermath, Part Two”
	The Wolverine at Sobibor
	Conclusion
	Bibliography
Chapter 33 An Iconic Image Through the Lens of Ka-tzetnik: The Murder of the Mother and the Essence of Auschwitz
	Ka-tzetnik 135633: A Memory and a Name
	The Key: The Murder of the Mother
	A Photographic Icon of the Essence of Auschwitz
	A Closing Reflection
	Bibliography
Chapter 34 Photographing Survival: Survivor Photographs of, and at, Auschwitz
	Karel Beran’s Documentary Photographs of Traces of His Forced Labor
	Morris Pfeffer’s Portrait Photographs of Survivor Authority
	Michael Zylberberg, Judith Perlaki, and Elizabeth Kent’s Portrait Photographs of Survivor Liberation
	Conclusions: Survivor “Selfies” at Auschwitz?
	Bibliography
Part VI Historical and Cultural Narratives
Chapter 35 A Reconsideration of Sexual Violence in German Colonial and Nazi Ideology and Its Representation in Holocaust Texts
	Colonial Sexual Violence and Impunity in GSWA
	Sexual Violence During the Third Reich
	Nanda Herbermann
	Liana Millu
	Bibliography
Chapter 36 The Place of Holocaust Survivor Videotestimony: Navigating the Landmarks of First-Person Audio-Visual Representation
	Bibliography
Chapter 37 Beckett’s Holocaust
	i
	ii
	iii
	iii
	Bibliography
Chapter 38 The Auschwitz Women’s Camp: An Overview and Reconsideration
	Bibliography
Chapter 39 Aryan Feminity: Identity in the Third Reich
	Bibliography
Chapter 40 Reconsidering Jewish Rage After the Holocaust
	Defining Revenge
	Personal Narratives
	Psychology of Revenge
	Gendered Narrative Construction
	Gender and Revenge Acts
	The Evolution of Elie Wiesel’s Thought
	Conclusion
	Bibliography
Chapter 41 Holocaust Shoes: Metonymy, Matter, Memory
	The “Secret Life” of Holocaust Shoes
	Shoes as Loot and Evidence: Holocaust Photography
	Shoes as Memorial Objects: Metonymy and Synechdoche
	The Pile Redeemed: Abraham Sutzkever’s “A Load of Shoes”
	Shoes as Postmemorial Teleporters: Transparent
	Bibliography
Chapter 42 From Holocast Studies to Trauma Studies and Back Again
	The Holocaust and Trauma in Contemporary Literature
	The Postmodern Condition
	Bibliography
Contributors’ Notes
Index