The Palgrave Encyclopedia Of Imperialism And Anti-Imperialism

Preface......Page 5
About the Editors......Page 9
Contributors......Page 10
Introduction......Page 22
Abd-el-Krim´s Biography......Page 23
Publications on Abd-el-Krim and His Struggle......Page 29
The Military Techniques......Page 30
Abd-el-Krim´s Strategic Innovations......Page 31
Conduct of Operations......Page 34
Cross-References......Page 35
Abdou Diouf......Page 36
Definition......Page 37
Synonyms......Page 40
Introduction......Page 41
Imperialism: Theory and History, Inspired by Rosa Luxemburg´s......Page 42
Being Adivasi: Theory, History, and Roots......Page 47
The Kol, Santal, and Birsaite (Munda) Insurgencies......Page 49
Adivasi-Maoist Resistance to the Land Grab in Bastar......Page 53
Conclusion......Page 56
References......Page 58
African National Congress......Page 59
Definition......Page 60
Libya: America´s Problem in Africa......Page 61
The Aims of the 2011 War......Page 63
AFRICOM, Oil, and Leadership......Page 66
Interventionist Methodology......Page 69
Complex Ideational Counter-Measures......Page 71
Protecting Libya: Imperial Humanitarianism......Page 74
References......Page 75
Agrarian Labor and Peasantry in the Global South......Page 78
Theoretical and Historical Framework......Page 79
Latin America......Page 80
Africa......Page 81
China......Page 82
India......Page 83
Oceania......Page 84
Facing the Domination of Financial Capital......Page 85
Converging Peasant Struggles Today......Page 87
References......Page 89
Introduction......Page 90
Localized Metabolisms: Friction and Diversity in Agrarian History......Page 91
The Great Rupture: The Onset of European Imperialism and the Rise of Global Agricultural Commodities......Page 92
Industrialization, Imperial Expansion, and the Intensification of Agricultural Commodity Flows......Page 95
The Colonial Inheritance: Agricultural Imbalances Old and New......Page 98
Deepening Dependence: Neoliberalism and Agriculture......Page 100
Cross-References......Page 102
References......Page 103
I......Page 104
Primary Commodities, Land, and Investment......Page 105
II......Page 107
Money and the US Dollar......Page 109
Third World, Globalisation, and Finance Capitalism......Page 110
The Reserve Army in the Periphery......Page 111
Alexis Tsipras......Page 112
The Colonial Era and the Revolutionary Struggle......Page 113
Colonialism Denied Algeria Its Own History, Nationalism Reinvented It......Page 115
The War of Independence (1954-62)......Page 116
Support for Revolution, Delinking from the Imperialist-Capitalist Global Order......Page 118
Algeria, an Immense Bazaar: The Politics and Economic Consequences of infitah......Page 119
Tacit Complicity with NATO´s Intervention in Libya......Page 120
Algeria and the Military Threat on Syria: Words Are not Enough......Page 121
Resistance to Imperialism: A Definition......Page 122
Algeria is Submissive to Imperialism......Page 123
The Comprador Bourgeoisie......Page 124
References......Page 126
Ali Shariati (1933-1977)......Page 127
Biography......Page 128
The Mossadeq Years......Page 130
The Paris Years (1960-1964)......Page 131
The Revolutionary Scholar Returns Home (1964-1977)......Page 134
Exile and Death (1977)......Page 137
Major Themes of Ali Shariati´s Anti-Imperialist Sociology of Religion......Page 138
Conclusion......Page 140
Amiri Baraka......Page 141
Introduction......Page 142
South Africa and Theories of Imperialism......Page 143
The SACP Version of the National Democratic Revolution......Page 146
Apartheid as a Stage of Racial Capitalism......Page 148
Debate over the Rate of Exploitation......Page 149
The History of Imperialism and Racial Capitalism......Page 151
Debating Solidarity Strategy......Page 153
Two Class Interpretations of the National Democratic Revolution......Page 155
Regulation Theory, Orthodoxy, and Alternatives in the Moment of Transition......Page 157
From Regulation to Reconciliation......Page 158
South Africa After Apartheid......Page 159
Postapartheid into Globalization: Global Apartheid......Page 160
Social Movement Struggles and Politics......Page 162
Some Conclusions......Page 163
References......Page 165
Introduction......Page 169
Post-Second World War Imperialism and Colonialism......Page 170
Workers and Oppressed Peoples and Nations of the World, Unite!......Page 171
In the Belly of the Beast: Struggles within Imperialist Countries......Page 172
Fighting with Cameras and Typewriters......Page 174
Cross-References......Page 175
Anti-imperialism......Page 176
Introduction......Page 177
Eniaia Dimokratiki Aristera (EDA, 1951-67)......Page 178
Türkiye isçi Partisi (TlP, Workers´ Party of Turkey, 1961-71)......Page 179
Conclusion......Page 181
References......Page 182
Definition......Page 183
History of Modern Middle Eastern Societies......Page 184
Era of Change: Populist Regimes and Socialism......Page 186
References......Page 188
Arafat, Yasser (Abu Ammar) (1929-2004) and the Palestine Liberation Organisation......Page 189
Arafat Invents a Revolutionary Theory......Page 190
The Israeli 1982 War on the PLO......Page 191
Arafat in the Intifada......Page 192
Arafat Calls for an Independent Palestine......Page 193
The Road to al-Aqsa Intifadas......Page 194
Australia......Page 195
Introduction: the Colonisation of the Australian Aborigines......Page 196
Governance of the Indigenous: Dispossession......Page 197
Governance of the Indigenous: Becoming Workers......Page 198
Governance of the Indigenous: Consolidation of the White Breadwinning Male......Page 199
Cross-References......Page 201
References......Page 202
Authoritarianism......Page 203
Definition......Page 204
References......Page 208
Definition......Page 209
Definition......Page 215
Definition......Page 219
Introduction......Page 220
Black Power, Black Nationalism and the BPP (1966-67)......Page 221
Black Nationalism, Revolutionary Nationalism, and the BPP (1968-69)......Page 224
Revolutionary Internationalism and Inter-communalism, and Survival Pending Revolution (1970-71)......Page 227
Conclusion......Page 228
References......Page 229
Anticolonialist Agitator and Socialist Seafarer......Page 230
Introduction......Page 234
The Imperial Mindset......Page 235
Imperial Identity......Page 237
Leaving the EU......Page 238
Brexit, Nostalgia, and the Middle Classes......Page 239
Public School Influence......Page 240
Schooling for the Masses......Page 241
Education for Ignorance......Page 242
Post-Brexit Britain, Fantasy or Reality......Page 244
References......Page 245
Definition/Description......Page 246
References......Page 255
British Museum, Imperialism and Empire......Page 256
The Evolution of British Interest in Cultural Objects......Page 257
The Growth of a British National Identity......Page 259
The British Museum as an Imperialist Institution......Page 260
References......Page 264
Definition......Page 265
Imperialism and Unfree Labor......Page 266
Race......Page 268
Race and Class......Page 269
Ending Slavery, 1807-1833......Page 270
Slavery in the Colonies During the Nineteenth Century......Page 272
Cross-References......Page 273
References......Page 274
Definitions......Page 276
Political Thought......Page 277
Insights on Imperialism and Their Closeness to Marxism......Page 278
Remedies to Imperialism......Page 279
Political Thought......Page 280
Remedies to Imperialism......Page 281
Political Thought......Page 282
Insights on Imperialism and Their Closeness to Marxism......Page 283
Remedies to Imperialism......Page 284
References......Page 285
Swaraj, the Partition of Bengal, and the Growth of All-India Party Nationalism......Page 287
The First World War, the Shifting Economics of Colonial Rule, and Political Leftism......Page 289
Gandhianism, Islamic Universalism, and the Development of a Mass Basis for Politics in the 1920s......Page 292
The Political and Economic Contexts of the 1930s......Page 294
War, Partition, and the End of British Imperialism......Page 297
Butler, Judith (1956-)......Page 299
Definition......Page 300
Caribbean......Page 304
Definition......Page 305
Cross-References......Page 315
References......Page 316
Definition......Page 317
Colonial Racism and Emancipation......Page 318
The Native Land, Slavery and Colonialism......Page 319
Che Guevara......Page 321
Introduction: Imperialism, Free Trade, and Latin America......Page 322
Chile: The Forerunner of Globalization......Page 324
Chile in the Orbit of the US Free Trade Imperialism......Page 325
The Dragon in the Room: China Coming to Chile......Page 327
The Stagnation of Chile´s Periphery and Its Social Contradictions......Page 330
Conclusions: Toward an Autonomous Development Path......Page 331
Bibliography......Page 332
Definition......Page 334
Imperialism and the Chinese Empire......Page 335
Imperialist Powers and the First Chinese Revolution......Page 337
The Placement of Discussion......Page 342
Understanding the Debate on China´s Global Rise and Neoimperialism......Page 343
Chinese Neocolonialism?......Page 344
Objective......Page 345
Theoretical Conceptualization......Page 346
Chinese Capitalism and Imperialism: From a World-Systems Perspective......Page 347
The Kautsky-Lenin Dichotomy......Page 348
The Complexities of China´s Multifaceted Positions in the Capitalist World System......Page 349
China: From a Victim of Imperialism to an Imperialist Comprador?......Page 350
China: A Rising Counter-Imperialist Force?......Page 351
China: An Emerging Imperialist?......Page 352
Concluding Remarks: Two Sides of the Same Coin......Page 354
References......Page 355
Introduction......Page 357
The Concept of a Minzu and Identity......Page 358
Policy Toward the Ethnic Minorities......Page 359
Population......Page 360
Han Immigration......Page 361
Economic Development......Page 362
Tourism......Page 364
Language......Page 365
The Tibetan Areas......Page 366
Xinjiang and Its Islamic Minorities......Page 367
Conclusion: Summary and Relevance to Imperialism and Anti-imperialism......Page 369
Cross-References......Page 370
References/Bibliography......Page 371
Introduction......Page 372
Economic Power......Page 373
Capitalist Monopolies......Page 374
Belt and Road Initiative: An Imperialist Hegemonic Project......Page 376
China´s Capital Export......Page 377
Internal Colonies......Page 378
Exploitation and Super-Exploitation of the Domestic Working Class......Page 379
China´s Military......Page 381
The Cold War Between the USA and China......Page 382
Excurse: Modern China and Lenin´s Theory of Imperialism......Page 384
References......Page 386
Chinese Nationalist Settler Colonialism and Indigenous Rights Movements in Taiwan......Page 389
Chinese Nationalist Settler Colonial Project......Page 390
Taiwan Indigenous Rights Movements and Cultural Revitalization......Page 395
References......Page 400
Definition......Page 401
References......Page 415
Introduction......Page 416
Seminal Cases of Anti-imperialist Resistance......Page 417
Between May 1968 and the Colonels´ Dictatorship......Page 419
Anti-imperialist Films from the `Eastern Bloc´......Page 421
Civil-Political Rights......Page 422
Introduction......Page 423
Imperialism and the Land Question in Zimbabwe......Page 424
Post-independence Land Reforms: Race and Class Dimensions......Page 425
Native Imperialism? Jambanja and the Fast Track Land Reform Programme......Page 426
Neo-imperialism and Land Acquisitions in Africa......Page 428
Contextualising Large-Scale Land Acquisitions in Zimbabwe as a Neo-imperial Process......Page 430
Billy Rateunbach, Themba Mliswa and ZANU-PF Cronies......Page 431
Chinese Angle: Growing Threat to Rural Livelihoods?......Page 433
Accumulation by Dispossession......Page 434
References......Page 435
Coalition of Radical Left (Syriza)......Page 437
Cold War......Page 438
The Cold War in the Geopolitical Economy of Capitalism......Page 439
The Phases of Cold War......Page 442
Beginnings in the Middle East and the Balkans......Page 443
Bandung......Page 444
1959-1981: The Cold War Peaks - The Cuban and Vietnamese Revolutions......Page 445
The Cuban Revolution......Page 446
Guerrilla Warfare and Counterinsurgency in Latin America......Page 447
Revolution and War in Vietnam......Page 448
The Fate of Western Capitalism......Page 451
The Fate of European Communism......Page 452
Soviet Problems......Page 453
The Cold War That Never Went Away......Page 454
Cross-References......Page 455
References......Page 456
Introduction: The Historical Background of US Imperialism in Latin America......Page 459
The Multiple Faces of Pan-Americanism......Page 460
Anti-imperialism and Latin Americanism......Page 463
Historiographies of Empire......Page 467
References......Page 469
Definition......Page 470
References......Page 480
Colombia......Page 481
Communism......Page 482
Definition......Page 483
Fortress Conservation......Page 484
Debt-for-Nature Swaps......Page 485
PES, REDD+ and Carbon Sequestration......Page 486
Conservation as imperialism......Page 488
References......Page 489
Containment......Page 490
Origins in New York: The First CFR 1918-1920......Page 491
Origins in Paris: 1919......Page 493
1921 Merger: The Modern CFR......Page 494
The Council Between the Wars......Page 495
The Grand Area: The CFR and the Drive for Global Hegemony, 1939-1945......Page 496
Protecting the Grand Area: Korea and Southeast Asia......Page 498
The CFR as an Organization, 1950s to Present......Page 499
The CFR and Neoliberal Geopolitics......Page 500
The CFR and Neoliberal Geopolitics in Action: The Iraq War......Page 501
The CFR and the Growing Conflict with China......Page 502
Conclusion: The CFR and the Two Existential Threats to Humanity´s Future......Page 504
References......Page 505
Introduction......Page 506
Galtung´s Theory of Imperialism......Page 507
From Christopher Columbus to 1915......Page 508
The US Occupation of Haiti from 1915 to 1934......Page 510
The History of Vodou in Haiti......Page 512
The Functions of Vodou in Haiti......Page 513
Counter-Discursive Practices of Vodou......Page 514
References......Page 515
Definition......Page 516
Batting for the Empire......Page 517
Anti-imperial Playing Fields......Page 520
References......Page 524
Definition......Page 526
References......Page 532
Culture and British Imperialism in the Nineteenth Century......Page 533
References......Page 547
Cyprus......Page 548
Introduction......Page 549
Historical Overview......Page 550
Tharangambadi Under Danish Rule 1620-1845......Page 552
Serampore and Private Enterprise in India......Page 553
The Danish Slave Forts......Page 554
Settler Colonialism in the Caribbean......Page 555
The Danish Plantation Society......Page 556
The End of Slavery, Fireburn, and the Sale......Page 557
Sapmi Lands......Page 558
Iceland and the Faroe Islands......Page 559
Greenland......Page 561
Renegotiations......Page 562
Greenland in the Danish Realm......Page 563
References......Page 564
Darfur......Page 566
The Darfur Conflict......Page 567
Darfur and the ``New´´ Scramble for Africa......Page 568
Peacekeepers, Humanitarian Intervention, and the Responsibility to Protect......Page 572
References......Page 574
Definition......Page 575
Debt Crisis......Page 579
Introduction......Page 580
Africa and the Debt Crisis......Page 581
The Causes of Debt in Africa......Page 582
Loss of Independence......Page 584
Education......Page 585
The Way Forward......Page 586
Lowering Capital Flight......Page 587
References......Page 588
Definition/Description......Page 589
Nehru´s India......Page 590
The Curious Case of Pakistan and the Making of Bangladesh......Page 592
The Incomplete Business of Partition and Decolonization in the Subcontinent: The Kashmir Issue and the Citizenship Question of.........Page 594
Decolonization of Sri Lanka and Burma......Page 596
Decolonizing the French Indian Empire and the Portuguese Indian Empire......Page 598
Concluding Remarks......Page 599
References......Page 600
Democracy Assistance......Page 602
Dispossession......Page 603
Definition......Page 604
The Open-Door Policy......Page 605
Roosevelt´s Corollary En Route to Dollar Diplomacy......Page 607
Fertile Soil: Latin America......Page 608
Nicaragua......Page 609
Cuba......Page 610
Imperial Legacy......Page 611
Introduction......Page 612
Genesis......Page 613
Bretton Woods......Page 614
Dollar Standard, 1971-1989......Page 616
Dollar Standard, 1989-?......Page 619
Bibliography......Page 621
Definition......Page 622
The Bretton Woods System and the Launch of Dollar Hegemony......Page 623
The Consolidation of Dollar Hegemony Under a Floating Dollar Standard......Page 625
Characterising Contemporary Imperialism......Page 626
Integrating the Periphery......Page 628
Finance, World Money and the Dollar Standard......Page 630
References......Page 632
Definition......Page 633
Dutch Imperialism in the Caribbean......Page 639
Colonial Governance......Page 640
Slavery and Racial Hierarchies in Colonial Societies......Page 641
Resistance, Independence, Autonomy......Page 643
Towards the Kingdom of Today......Page 645
Cross-References......Page 646
Suggested Works......Page 647
The Background to the Campaign for Political Democracy in Ireland......Page 648
The Penal Laws......Page 650
The Birth of Irish Republicanism......Page 651
The Orange Order......Page 653
The Act of Union 1801: ``Perfidious Albion´´......Page 654
``Catholic Emancipation´´ and the Birth of Constitutional Nationalism......Page 655
The Young Irelanders: ``Ireland Long a Province be A Nation Once Again´´......Page 657
The Great Hunger 1845-1847......Page 658
The Fenians: The Birth of the Irish Republican Brotherhood (IRB)......Page 659
The Radicalization of Ireland......Page 663
Ulster´s Solemn League and Covenant (1912)......Page 667
The Irish Volunteers and the Irish Citizen Army......Page 668
The Outbreak of WW1......Page 669
The Lead up to the Rising......Page 671
The 1916 Easter Rising......Page 673
Reaction to the Rising......Page 675
The End of the IPP and the Rise of Sinn Féin......Page 676
The move towards total independence and partition......Page 678
The Catholic Church......Page 679
Socialism......Page 680
The Competing Narratives of 1916 and Contemporary Politics......Page 681
The Legacy of the Easter Rising 1916 Internationally......Page 683
Bibliography......Page 686
Easter Rising 1916......Page 688
Introduction......Page 689
Eco-imperial Relations: A Multidimensional Approach......Page 692
Imperialism as Extractivism: Ecological/Eco-imperialism......Page 693
Imperialism as Contamination: Toxic Waste Colonialism......Page 695
Imperialism Through Conservationism: Green Imperialism......Page 698
Imperialism Through Energy and Climate Change......Page 701
Imperialism as Hegemonic Environmental Knowledge......Page 702
The Slow Violence of Eco-imperial Relations: Cases from Central America and the Caribbean......Page 703
Industrialization and Environmental Colonialism in Puerto Rico......Page 704
Conclusions......Page 706
References......Page 707
Cases from EJAtlas......Page 711
Introduction......Page 712
Ecological Imperialism: Some Essential Characteristics......Page 713
Ecological Imperialism and the Hierarchy of the World-System......Page 716
Ecological Imperialism and International Trade......Page 718
Ecological Imperialism and Foreign Investment......Page 719
International Finance......Page 720
References......Page 722
Synonyms......Page 723
Disjunctive Ecological Exchange......Page 724
``The Resource Curse´´ and the ``Dutch Disease´´......Page 725
Material Flow Accounts......Page 726
Land Use and Ecological Footprint Accounting......Page 727
Energy, Emergy, and Exergy......Page 729
Pollution and Embodied Emissions in Trade......Page 730
Water Footprint......Page 731
Ecologically Unsustainable Exchange......Page 732
References......Page 734
Emancipation......Page 736
Definition......Page 737
References......Page 739
Introduction......Page 740
Research Question and Method......Page 742
The Complex Nature of History Textbooks as Cultural, Commercial, and Pedagogical Artifacts......Page 743
History Textbook Accounts Since the World War II Until Decolonization......Page 745
History Textbook Accounts in the Era of Decolonization......Page 746
Current History Textbooks from Around the Globe......Page 748
Conclusion and Discussion......Page 751
References......Page 752
Empire-Building......Page 754
Introduction......Page 755
Surplus-Value as an Entry Point to the Problematic......Page 756
Marx on Wakefield and the Theory of Colonization......Page 757
Free Labour and Subjugated Labour at the Multiple Birth of Capitalism......Page 760
What Class Turned Capitalist?......Page 763
Plantation Slavery: The ``Genius´´ of Columbus?......Page 765
Theorizing Plantation Slavery: Moving Beyond the Impasse......Page 766
Conclusion......Page 768
Bibliography......Page 769
Definition......Page 770
Ethiopia......Page 773
Description......Page 774
EU Enlargement......Page 788
Introduction: Formal Definitions......Page 789
Loci of Eurocentricity: The Social Sciences, History, and Economics......Page 790
Eurocentricity in Time Perspective and Challenges to It......Page 792
Bibliography......Page 794
Introduction......Page 795
The Clash of Narratives......Page 796
The Contemporary World Order/Disorder......Page 797
The Shape and Trajectory of Historical Capitalism......Page 799
The Entrance of International Political Economy......Page 801
Eurocentrism as the Avatar of Imperialism......Page 803
Understanding the Modus Operandi of Capitalism......Page 804
Looking Back at the Genesis of Capitalism......Page 806
The Marxist Search for the Negation......Page 808
Cross-References......Page 809
References......Page 810
Introduction......Page 811
Imperialism in West Africa......Page 812
The Consequences of Imperial Activities in West Africa......Page 813
The Response to Imperial Activities in West Africa......Page 814
References......Page 816
The Core-Periphery Debate......Page 817
The Backwash of Western Development......Page 818
The Reconfiguration of Europe After 1918......Page 820
What Price Peripheral Independence? The Transwar Period......Page 821
The End of an Era......Page 825
Expansionism......Page 828
External Governance......Page 829
Definition......Page 830
Biography......Page 831
`Total Liberation´......Page 832
Definition......Page 834
Origins of FARC and US Imperialism in Colombia......Page 835
The War of Position and Development of Twenty-First-Century Imperialism......Page 837
The Impasse: Social Imperialism and the FARC......Page 842
The Reimposition of the Colombian Comprador Bourgeoisie......Page 843
Conclusions? The Imperialist Chain of Control and Command for an American Century?......Page 845
References......Page 848
Definition......Page 854
Fidel Castro......Page 857
Spreading and Countering Fascisms......Page 858
Cultural Imperialism and Imperialist Protectionism......Page 859
Film Festivals and Diplomatic Imperialism......Page 860
Third-World Film Festivals and Regional Anti-imperialist Movements......Page 861
Connecting the Third World with the Two Blocs......Page 862
Globalisation and the Rule of Capital: from the 1980s Onwards......Page 863
Recuperation of the Third World Project and New Politics of Programming......Page 864
Film Festivals: New Functions, New Imperialisms?......Page 865
References......Page 866
Definition/Description......Page 867
References......Page 871
Definition......Page 872
Introduction......Page 886
Conceptual Framework: The Fundamental Basis of Imperialism´s Food Crisis......Page 887
From Colonialism to Neo-colonialism and the Green Revolution......Page 888
The Neo-liberal Phase......Page 890
The Food Crisis of the Twenty-First Century......Page 891
Counter-Imperialist Struggles Over Land and Food......Page 892
References......Page 893
Imperialism and Food Regimes......Page 895
Hegemonic Central Powers, Food Regimes, and Counter-hegemonic Social Movements......Page 896
Imperialism and Anti-imperialism in the Second Food Regime......Page 897
Conclusion......Page 898
References......Page 899
Food Regimes......Page 900
A Radical Alternative: Food Sovereignty......Page 903
References......Page 906
Kautsky: Food Production in Transition......Page 907
The Prebisch/Singer Hypothesis......Page 908
Critiques and Alternatives to the Prebisch/Singer Hypothesis......Page 909
The Contemporary Agenda......Page 910
Summary......Page 911
Definition......Page 912
Introduction......Page 913
Agriculture and the Global Division of Labour......Page 914
European Expansion, Colonialism and Agriculture......Page 915
Famines and European Expansion and Control......Page 917
Analysing Famines......Page 918
The Internal Nature of Famines......Page 919
Development of the Modern Global Food System......Page 920
Selected Works......Page 922
Imperialism Today: The Restructuring of Monopoly Capital......Page 923
The Labor Question Today......Page 926
The Mushrooming of Unequal Development and the Emergence of a New Mode of Unequal Exchange......Page 929
Forced Migration in the Era of Generalized Monopolies......Page 931
The Global Governance of Migration Under Scrutiny: The Win-Win-Win Fiction......Page 933
Toward an Alternative Agenda: Resistance from Below......Page 934
References......Page 935
The Construction of Empire......Page 937
Colonial Administration, the indigénat, and the Civilizing Mission......Page 939
First World War and the Inter-War Years......Page 941
Second World War and the End of Empire......Page 943
References......Page 946
Definition......Page 947
The World Space as Totality and Nations as ``Concrete Hence Unity of Diversity´´......Page 949
Military Power as a Key Component of the World Space......Page 951
The ``2008 Moment´´ and the Tightening Economic and Military Power......Page 953
Putting Economic Competition-War Relationships in Context: From Globalization of Wars to ``Wars of Globalization´´......Page 955
Two Singularities of France......Page 957
A ``Usurary Capitalism´´......Page 960
France´s Geopolitical and Economic Interests in Africa......Page 962
``Classical Imperialism´´: The Role of Colonies......Page 963
Africa Remains Central for the International Status of France......Page 965
Acceleration of Large Military Operations and Foreign Projection......Page 966
France´s Military Surge and the ``2008 Moment´´......Page 969
Conclusion: Analyzing French Military Surge in the Broader Context of the Global Political Economy of Imperialism......Page 970
References......Page 972
Introductory Paragraph......Page 974
World War II: Crucible of the Vietnamese Revolution......Page 975
The Vietnamese Revolution......Page 976
The Political Deadlock Between France and the DRV......Page 978
A Colonial War......Page 979
A War by Proxies Between China and the United States......Page 981
Peace on the Agenda......Page 983
The Geneva Conference (April 26-July 21, 1954)......Page 985
Peace Terms......Page 986
The Consolidation of Partition......Page 987
Further Reading......Page 988
Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Disaster......Page 989
Introduction......Page 990
Military Coup d´etat 1969......Page 991
Pan-Arabism and the Context of the Nonaligned Pressures of the 1970s......Page 992
Political and Intellectual Limits of Gaddafi´s Anti-imperialism......Page 993
Gaddafi and Libya in the Context of Western Militarism......Page 994
Gaddafi as a Beneficiary of Anti-imperialist Organization After the Cold War......Page 996
Imperialism and the Weaponization of Finance in the Age of Neoliberalism......Page 997
Finance Capital and the Libyan Investment Authority......Page 999
Gaddafi and the African Union......Page 1000
NATO, the Destruction of Libya and the Killing of Gaddafi......Page 1001
NATO´s Failure and the Place of Gaddafi in History......Page 1003
Conclusion......Page 1004
Gandhi, Mohandas Karamchand (1869-1948)......Page 1005
Critique of Government Policies in South Africa and Support of Empire......Page 1006
Changing Tactics - Development of Satyagraha......Page 1008
Gandhi in India (1914-1919)......Page 1009
Critique of Imperialism......Page 1010
Constitutional Engagement......Page 1011
Imperialism and Nonviolence......Page 1012
Gandhi´s Universalism......Page 1013
Definition......Page 1014
The Early Years of the UNIA-ACL......Page 1015
Tactical and Ideological Confrontations: Garvey and the Globalisation of the UNIA-ACL......Page 1016
Deportation, Exile, and Death: Garvey, Fascism, and the Italo-Ethiopian War......Page 1017
Garvey´s Legacy......Page 1018
Definition......Page 1019
Imperialism and the `War-on-Women´......Page 1021
State Violence......Page 1022
Civil Society and Violence......Page 1024
Anti-imperialism: A Revolutionary Feminist Rupture......Page 1028
References......Page 1029
Definition......Page 1031
Lemkin´s Concept of Genocide......Page 1032
Genocidal Imperialism......Page 1034
Imperializing Lemkin´s Concept of Genocide......Page 1037
Colonial Law......Page 1039
Cross-References......Page 1040
Geo-political Hegemony......Page 1041
A Change of Perspective......Page 1042
Capitalist Modernity......Page 1043
German Colonialism......Page 1044
Colonialism Without Colonies......Page 1046
Nazi Anti-imperialism......Page 1048
Nazi Anti-imperialism Abroad: The Case of the Middle East......Page 1050
References......Page 1052
German Communist Party (KPD)......Page 1054
German Imperialism and Social Imperialism, 1871-1933......Page 1055
Monopoly Capitalism and the Origins of Social Imperialism in Germany......Page 1056
German Colonialism and Imperialism......Page 1057
Social Democracy and Imperialism before the First World War......Page 1059
Republicanism, Imperialism, and the German Working Class (1918-1933)......Page 1061
Social Democracy and the Reconstruction of Imperialism......Page 1062
Colonialism and Imperialism in the Weimar Era......Page 1063
The Political Economy of Imperialist Social Reformism......Page 1065
Conclusion: Social Democracy and Social Fascism......Page 1066
References......Page 1067
Definition/Description......Page 1069
Introduction......Page 1070
From Sixteenth-Century Merchant Capital in the ``Age of Discoveries´´ to 19th Industrial Capital......Page 1073
``High Imperialism´´ and the First Wave of Financial Globalization......Page 1074
Hegemonic Decline, Capitalist Crisis, and the Fall of the Gold Standard......Page 1077
Postwar State-Led Development and the Bretton Woods System......Page 1078
Neoliberal Restructuring and the Basis for Subordinate Financialization in the 1990s......Page 1080
Commodity Super-Cycle, Money-Capital Flow Bonanza, and the Post-2008 ``Brave New World´´......Page 1081
The Global South in the Contemporary Geographies of Money-Power......Page 1082
Conclusion......Page 1084
References......Page 1085
Introduction......Page 1087
The Empire of Free Trade......Page 1088
Free Trade and the Post-war Multilateral Trading System......Page 1091
Global Free Trade and Imperial (Dis)continuities......Page 1094
References......Page 1096
Global Health and US Imperialism......Page 1097
History......Page 1098
Global Health Governance......Page 1100
BMGF, Big Pharma, and the Vaccine Business......Page 1101
Medical Experimentation......Page 1104
Contraception and Population Control......Page 1105
References......Page 1109
Introduction......Page 1111
Global Labour Arbitrage: `An Increasingly Urgent Survival Tactic´......Page 1113
Global Labour Arbitrage and the Theory of `Comparative Advantage´......Page 1115
Outsourcing and Migration: Two Forms of Global Labour Arbitrage......Page 1117
Neo-Marxists and the `Global Labour Arbitrage´......Page 1118
Wages, Productivity......Page 1119
 and the GDP Illusion......Page 1121
Conclusion......Page 1122
References......Page 1123
Definition......Page 1124
Global Value Transfers Through Differential Labour Costs......Page 1125
The New International Division of Labour......Page 1126
Imperialistic Impacts of Wage Differentials......Page 1127
Imperialism Through Degrees of Monopoly......Page 1128
Degrees of Monopoly Through Cheap Labour Exploitation......Page 1129
Imperialism Through Global Transfers of Dark Value......Page 1130
Dark Value from Under-Compensated Informal Sector Workers......Page 1131
Dark Value from Ecological Externalities......Page 1132
Consumer Surplus as Deterrent to Anti-imperialism......Page 1133
Global Value Transfer and the Aristocracy of Labour......Page 1134
References......Page 1135
Synonyms......Page 1136
Definition/Description......Page 1137
The Wealth of Afghanistan......Page 1139
The New Silk Road......Page 1142
The Battle for Afghanistan: Just War or Just One Battle of Endless Global War?......Page 1147
The Empire of Capital: Expanding and Evolving Capitalism......Page 1149
References......Page 1151
Definition......Page 1154
The Great Game II Endgame......Page 1155
Review of New Great Game Literature......Page 1156
Critique......Page 1158
Introduction......Page 1160
Development of Greek Anti-imperialism (1930-1974)......Page 1161
Anti-imperialism in Democratic Greece: The 1970s and 1980s......Page 1163
Anti-imperialism in Democratic Greece: The 1990s and 2000s......Page 1165
Cross-References......Page 1166
Synonyms......Page 1167
Maurice Bishop and the New Jewel Movement......Page 1168
US Military Intervention in Grenada......Page 1169
Shaping Public Opinion Through Media as Organs of Propaganda......Page 1171
Late-Cold War Anti-imperialism and US Militarism......Page 1172
Conclusion: Legacy of Grenadian Radical Anti-imperialism......Page 1174
Guerrilla Warfare and Imperialism......Page 1175
People and Nations under Arms......Page 1176
Resisting Colonialist Expansion......Page 1177
Partisan Warfare......Page 1178
Decolonisation......Page 1180
Social Revolution......Page 1181
References......Page 1183
Definition......Page 1184
A Legacy of and for Revolution......Page 1185
A Guevarian Pedagogy......Page 1188
Che in the Context of World Capitalism......Page 1191
A Guevarian-Informed Critical Pedagogy......Page 1192
References......Page 1194
Gulf War......Page 1195
Anti-imperialism: National Versus Communitarian......Page 1196
Hezbollah and Shia Communitarianism......Page 1199
The Double Movement and Hezbollah´s Communitarianism......Page 1200
Whether Hezbollah´s Communitarianism Is Anti-imperialist......Page 1202
Prospects of Communitarian Anti-imperialism in the Age of Globalization......Page 1203
References......Page 1204
Definition......Page 1205
The Communist International, Anti-imperialism, and the Road to Brussels......Page 1206
Transnational Anti-imperialism and the League Against Imperialism......Page 1208
Anti-imperial Intentions and Transformation of the League Against Imperialism......Page 1209
Fields of Activity: Propaganda, Recruitment, and Education......Page 1210
League Against Imperialism: Dissolution and Heritage......Page 1211
LAI Archives and Collections......Page 1212
Synonyms......Page 1213
Overview......Page 1214
The Man of Action as Writer......Page 1215
The Encounter with Lenin......Page 1216
Theoretical and Political Tensions......Page 1218
The Leninist in Action......Page 1220
The Crucible of Land Reform......Page 1222
The Marxist as Humanist......Page 1224
From Fond Uncle to Stern Father......Page 1225
A Marxist Pragmatist......Page 1226
Ho and Socialist Construction......Page 1227
Definition......Page 1228
On Thrift, Poverty, and Monopoly Capital......Page 1229
On Imperialism and War......Page 1230
On Internationalism......Page 1232
Legacy......Page 1234
Afterword......Page 1235
Selected Works......Page 1236
Hymnody......Page 1237
Imperialism and the Private Life of the ``Native´´......Page 1238
Ifeoma Okoye´s Marxist-Feminist Anti-Imperialism......Page 1239
The Okoyes: Radical Lives......Page 1241
Behind the Clouds: The Childless Woman as Outcast and as Rebel......Page 1242
Conclusion......Page 1243
References......Page 1244
Introduction......Page 1245
Maintaining Imperialist Divisions of Labor......Page 1246
Migration and Immigration Controls......Page 1247
The Role of Racism......Page 1250
Case Study: Migration to Imperialist Britain......Page 1251
New Migration to Britain......Page 1252
Migration and the Labor Aristocracy......Page 1254
Conclusion......Page 1257
References......Page 1258
Definition......Page 1260
``Opium Made the World Go Round´´......Page 1263
References......Page 1264
Imperialism......Page 1265
Ecological Imperialism......Page 1266
Managing the Anthropocene......Page 1268
Neo-imperialism and the Reproduction of Global Ecology......Page 1269
The Injustice of (and Resistance to) Imperial Ecology......Page 1270
Neo-imperialism and Climate Governance......Page 1271
Cross-References......Page 1273
References......Page 1274
Definition......Page 1276
The ``Savage´´ Conquest......Page 1277
Jamestown, 1607......Page 1279
New England, 1617......Page 1280
Building a ``City on the Hill´´......Page 1282
Biological Warfare......Page 1283
The Pequot War......Page 1284
Colonial Expansion......Page 1285
Native American Anti-Imperialism......Page 1286
Racial Attitudes and the Birth of ``Redness´´......Page 1289
The American Indian......Page 1290
Introduction......Page 1291
The First Wave of Antarctic Imperialism......Page 1292
The Second Wave of Antarctic Imperialism......Page 1293
Efforts to Resolve the Conflicting Outcomes of the First Two Waves of Antarctic Imperialism......Page 1294
The Dominant Postcolonial Perspective on the Antarctic Treaty......Page 1295
The Third Wave of Antarctic Imperialism......Page 1296
Conclusion......Page 1297
References......Page 1298
Definition/Description......Page 1299
Remembrance as Prophecy......Page 1301
Sublimating Contradictions into Heterogeneity......Page 1305
Portuguese Imperialism Begets its Antithesis......Page 1307
Cross-References......Page 1310
References......Page 1311
Introduction......Page 1312
Genesis of the Liberal Economic Development Path in India......Page 1313
Characteristics of Liberal Economic Development in India......Page 1315
Inequality in India......Page 1317
Explaining Rising Inequality: A Debate......Page 1319
Indian Growth Process and Inequality......Page 1322
State and Inequality in India......Page 1323
Conclusion......Page 1324
References......Page 1325
Definition......Page 1326
References......Page 1329
Definition......Page 1330
The State......Page 1333
Imperial Reach: Phase 1......Page 1337
Imperial Reach: Phase 2......Page 1340
Imperial Reach: Phase 3......Page 1347
The Spoils of Empire......Page 1351
``Decolonization´´......Page 1354
References......Page 1356
Definition/Description......Page 1361
References......Page 1368
Definition......Page 1369
References......Page 1374
Influence......Page 1375
International Loans......Page 1376
Introduction......Page 1377
Informal Empire Under Pax Americana......Page 1379
The Transnational Capitalist Class and ISDS: Continuity Between Imperial Past and Present......Page 1381
Expanding Property Rights Under ISDS: Accumulation by Dispossession......Page 1383
Cross-References......Page 1386
References......Page 1387
Introduction......Page 1388
Iraqi ``Independence´´ Through the Mandate System of the Interwar Order......Page 1390
The Wathba of 1948: The Spark of Revolutionary Anti-colonial Struggle in Iraq......Page 1392
The First Gulf War (1991): The Punishment of a ``Rogue State´´ During the New World Order......Page 1394
The International Regime of Economic Sanctions and Its Violent Effects......Page 1397
The 2003 Invasion and Occupation of Iraq: The (Re)integration of an ``Outlaw State´´ into the ``Civilized World´´......Page 1398
The US Invasion, the Destruction of the Iraqi State, the Slaughter of the Iraqi People, and the Cleansing of Its Cultural Heri.........Page 1399
The New World Order of Economic Plunder, the Bremer Orders, and the Transformative Occupation of Iraq......Page 1400
Conclusion......Page 1402
References......Page 1403
Irish History and Imperialism......Page 1405
The Far Side of Industrialization......Page 1407
Ireland and the Imperialist War......Page 1412
References......Page 1413
Israel......Page 1414
Hobson´s Early Writings......Page 1415
Hobson and the Radical Tradition......Page 1416
Imperialism: Hobson´s Analysis......Page 1417
Hobson on China and Africa......Page 1418
Imperialism and Hobson´s Later Writings......Page 1419
Hobson´s Significance......Page 1420
Synonyms......Page 1421
Definition......Page 1422
Early Life......Page 1424
The Irish Context......Page 1425
Connolly and the Irish Socialist Republican Party......Page 1428
Connolly, Ireland, and Empire......Page 1430
Connolly and Theory: Erin´s Hope and Labour in Irish History......Page 1431
Connolly and Syndicalism......Page 1433
Connolly and the Irish Revolution......Page 1435
Life of a Revolutionary......Page 1438
Jazz......Page 1443
Definition......Page 1444
References......Page 1452
Discography......Page 1453
Introductory Paragraph......Page 1456
Seeking Full Equality: Race, Gender and Class Activism......Page 1457
Anti-imperialism and Women´s Rights......Page 1459
Conclusion......Page 1460
Just War......Page 1461
Introduction: The Dialectics of Repression and Resistance......Page 1462
Repression......Page 1463
Resistance......Page 1465
Trade Unions......Page 1466
Mau Mau Armed Resistance......Page 1467
Anti-imperialist Ideology......Page 1469
Strategy......Page 1470
Infrastructure......Page 1471
Independence and Neo-colonialism: 1963-1990......Page 1472
Resistance......Page 1473
Peasant Resistance......Page 1474
Student Resistance......Page 1475
December Twelve Movement......Page 1476
Mwakenya......Page 1478
Conclusion: Uhuru Bado [not yet Independent]......Page 1479
References......Page 1480
Early Life and Kikuyu Politics......Page 1481
Anthropology and Anti-colonialism......Page 1482
Return to Africa and Independence......Page 1483
Head of State......Page 1484
Final Years and Legacy......Page 1485
Definition......Page 1486
Kim Il Sung......Page 1495
Introduction......Page 1496
Why Korea?......Page 1497
Historical Overview......Page 1498
The Japanese Annexation of Korea......Page 1502
Economic and Social Transformation: The Destructive Creation......Page 1504
The Japanese Legacy......Page 1506
Collaboration, Acceptance, and Resistance......Page 1507
The Inauguration of the Nuclear Age......Page 1510
Division of Korea......Page 1511
Imperial Succession......Page 1513
Park Chung-hee, Vietnam, and the Imperial Framework......Page 1514
Jeju: From Massacre Island to US Naval Base to Encircle China......Page 1516
OPCON and the Military Presence......Page 1517
Combined Forces Command......Page 1519
Military and Political Dimensions of the Nuclear Weapons Challenge......Page 1522
The Military Presence and Its Complications......Page 1524
Pushback and the Attraction of the Status Quo......Page 1525
The Dilemmas and Impotence of Moon Jae-in and the South Korean Elite......Page 1528
Trump, the roche moutonnée, and the Unravelling of the Imperial Idea......Page 1531
A Note on Spelling......Page 1536
References......Page 1537
Kurds......Page 1551
Introduction......Page 1552
The Wartime Situation for Labour in Australia......Page 1553
Initial Strikes of 1945-46......Page 1554
Towards a World Boycott......Page 1555
Motivation of Workers Participating in the Anti-Imperialist Struggle......Page 1556
Importance of the Strike to History of Decolonisation of South-East Asia......Page 1557
Definition......Page 1558
Empirical Findings......Page 1559
Literature Review......Page 1560
National Endowment for Democracy......Page 1562
Discussion......Page 1564
References......Page 1565
Synonyms......Page 1568
Hobson......Page 1569
Lenin......Page 1570
Emmanuel......Page 1571
Contemporary Theories of Imperialism......Page 1572
Empirical Estimates of Global Value Transfer......Page 1573
The Political Results and Prospects of Mass Embourgeoisement......Page 1581
References......Page 1583
Introduction......Page 1584
Imperialism and Anti-imperialism......Page 1585
Land Grabs: Scale, Uses, Processes......Page 1586
The Many Posited Motives, But Common `Improvement´ Logic......Page 1588
Posited Benefits, Losses, and Hard Questions......Page 1589
Anti-imperialism: Alternative Agriculture as Protest, Conflict, and Resistance......Page 1591
References......Page 1593
Introduction: The Linguist in the Shell......Page 1595
Discourse in the World......Page 1596
Imperialism in Language and Translation......Page 1597
Discursive Reification and Post-Imperialist Discourse......Page 1599
References......Page 1600
Synonyms......Page 1601
The Marxist Debate on Imperialism......Page 1602
Capitalism and Imperialism: The Dynamics of an Intimate Relationship......Page 1603
Contemporary Dynamics of US Imperialism: Three Cycles of Development and Resistance......Page 1604
The Neoliberal Era: A Second Development-Resistance Cycle......Page 1605
Imperialism and Anti-imperialism on the Frontier of Extractive Capital......Page 1606
References......Page 1608
Introduction......Page 1609
The Emergence of Solidarity......Page 1610
Solidarity and the Cold War......Page 1611
Amnesty International and the Rise of Human Rights......Page 1615
Chile......Page 1618
Human Rights and the US Left......Page 1622
References......Page 1626
League Against Imperialism and for National Independence (LAI)......Page 1627
References......Page 1631
Definition......Page 1632
Selected Works......Page 1639
Introduction......Page 1640
On Western Imperialism......Page 1641
Liberalism and Western Imperialism......Page 1644
Western Imperialism Under the Cover of Human Rights......Page 1647
Human Rights as an Anti-imperialist Tool......Page 1652
Conclusion......Page 1657
Cross-References......Page 1658
References......Page 1659
Definition......Page 1661
Historical Background: The Journey from Enslavement to Statehood......Page 1662
Imperialist Encroachments on Liberian Sovereignty and Territory......Page 1666
Struggle for Full Citizenship and Widening the Democratic Space......Page 1669
Liquidation......Page 1671
Definition......Page 1672
Definition......Page 1677
End of Conciliation......Page 1678
Novels and Films......Page 1679
Definition......Page 1680
References......Page 1685
Definition......Page 1686
References......Page 1691
Definition......Page 1692
Definition......Page 1697
The Nation of Islam......Page 1698
Estrangement, Departure, and New Beginnings......Page 1699
Sharp Move to the Left: The Final Year and the Final Reinvention......Page 1700
Malcolm X´s Legacy......Page 1701
Introduction......Page 1702
References......Page 1707
Why have the First Three Decades of the PRC Disappeared in History?......Page 1708
Socialism in the Mao Era......Page 1711
Korean War......Page 1713
Supporting the People of Africa and Asia......Page 1714
Mao Zedong´s Last Efforts in Combating Capitalism......Page 1715
Conclusion......Page 1717
Synonyms......Page 1718
Clarifying Terminology: Maoism, Nationalism, Anti-Colonialism......Page 1719
The Three Phases of the Chinese Foreign Policy throughout the Maoist Era......Page 1720
The Bandung Conference......Page 1721
The Sino-Soviet Split and the Abandonment of the Bandung Conference Line......Page 1722
Conclusions......Page 1724
Maritegui, José Carlos (1894-1930)......Page 1725
Inside the Life of José Carlos Maritegui......Page 1726
Introduction......Page 1731
Selected Works......Page 1735
Capital: A Globalizing System......Page 1736
Accumulation and Imperialism......Page 1738
Imperialism and World Revolution......Page 1740
Legacies and Consequences......Page 1742
References......Page 1743
Introduction......Page 1744
Formation of Prices and Emergence of Money......Page 1745
The Magnitudes of Prices......Page 1746
Explaining the Magnitudes of Relative Prices......Page 1747
The Magnitudes of Money Prices......Page 1748
International Price Formation and the Emergence of International Money......Page 1750
The Value of World Money and the Aggregate World Money Price Level......Page 1751
Ricardo´s Theory of Comparative Advantage......Page 1754
Concluding Remarks......Page 1758
References......Page 1759
Definition......Page 1760
The `Classical´ Marxists......Page 1761
The `Neo-Colonialist´ Thinkers......Page 1763
The `New´ Imperialists......Page 1764
Conclusions......Page 1766
References......Page 1767
Capitalist Accumulation and Value......Page 1768
The Value of Labor-Power and Surplus-Value......Page 1769
The Globalized Value of Labor-Power......Page 1771
The Circulation of Capital......Page 1773
Formation of the Average Rate of Profit......Page 1774
Super-Profits......Page 1776
The Happy Smiley......Page 1777
The Sad Smiley......Page 1778
The Global Distribution of Value......Page 1780
References......Page 1781
Mass Media and Imperialism......Page 1782
Introduction......Page 1783
The US Empire and Cultural Imperialism: The US State and the Cultural Industries......Page 1784
The Economics of the US Cultural Industries: Supported by the US State in World Markets......Page 1786
The Geopolitics of the US Cultural Industries: Supporting the US State in World Affairs......Page 1790
The US Empire´s Media Products......Page 1792
Conclusion: The Consequences of the US Empire´s Cultural Industries......Page 1795
References......Page 1796
Introduction......Page 1798
Cultural and Media Imperialism......Page 1799
The Fall and Rise of a Concept......Page 1804
Review and Prospect......Page 1808
Conclusion......Page 1810
References......Page 1811
Protagonists, Activists and Leaders......Page 1812
Foreign Imperial Domination......Page 1813
US Military Intervention and Resistance......Page 1815
Neo-colonisation......Page 1816
Conclusion......Page 1818
References......Page 1819
Middle East: Socialism and Anti-imperialism......Page 1820
Iraq......Page 1821
Syria and Lebanon......Page 1822
Egypt......Page 1823
Communist Parties and Resistances......Page 1824
Palestine......Page 1825
Zionist Movement and the 1930s......Page 1826
After the Second Imperialist War......Page 1827
Nasserism......Page 1828
National Front Tactic......Page 1829
The Role of Political Islam......Page 1831
Turkey......Page 1832
Iran......Page 1833
Iraq and Saddam Hussein......Page 1834
Destruction of the Capacity to Resist......Page 1835
References......Page 1837
Military-Entertainment Complex and US Imperialism......Page 1838
Introduction: Militarism and the Military-Entertainment Complex......Page 1839
Key Concepts for Studying the MEC......Page 1841
The Department of Defense (DoD) and the Entertainment Industries......Page 1844
The DoD-News Complex......Page 1846
The DoD-Hollywood Complex......Page 1847
The DoD-Sports Complex......Page 1848
The DoD-Digital Games Complex......Page 1849
The DoD-Social Media Complex......Page 1851
References......Page 1852
Minorities......Page 1854
Introduction......Page 1855
What Is a ``Regime Change,´´ and Why Was Washington Determined to Push One Through in Moldova in 2009?......Page 1857
Moldova´s Far-Right Pan-Romanian Nationalists Prepare for the Elections  and for Violence......Page 1859
The ``Communists´´ Win the Elections  and the ``Liberals,´´ ``Democrats,´´ and Far-Right Attempt a Putsch......Page 1861
The Geopolitics Underlying the Unholy Alliance Between ``the West´´ and Moldova´s ``Liberals,´´ ``Democrats,´´ and Far-Right `.........Page 1863
Following the Failure of the Violent Putsch, a ``Democratic´´ Regime Change Takes Place......Page 1866
2001-2009: The PCRM ``Zigs´´ Away from Moscow, and then ``Zags´´ Part of the Way Back......Page 1867
2009: With Its Regional ``Golden Boys´´ in Crisis, Washington Tries to Score a Compensatory Win in Moldova......Page 1871
The Regime Change Is Complete  and the Austerity Is Intensified......Page 1873
Stopping ``the Communists´´  by Pursuing More Authoritarian Forms of Rule......Page 1874
The Client Regime´s Stability Remains in Doubt  and Joe Biden Is Dispatched to Try to Shore It Up......Page 1876
Bibliography......Page 1879
Money Capital......Page 1881
Introduction......Page 1882
The Metamorphosis of Monopoly Capitalism and Restructuring of the Triangular Structure of Imperialism......Page 1883
The Non-profit Industrial Complex: The NGO Boom and its Origins......Page 1888
NPIC as a Co-Optative Mechanism: Evidence from the Third World......Page 1891
Conclusion: Popular Alternatives to the NPIC......Page 1894
References......Page 1895
Mozambique, Imperialism and......Page 1896
Independence......Page 1897
Imperialism Comes Back from Its Holiday......Page 1899
The Economic Component......Page 1900
Creating Capitalists and Oligarchs......Page 1901
Becoming a Mineral-Energy Exporter......Page 1902
Teaching Subservience......Page 1903
Corruption and the Power of a Comprador Ruling Party......Page 1904
Music......Page 1905
Isaac Watts: Hymnody, Empire, and Voices of Dissent......Page 1906
Silence I: Salim Joubran, Hatikvah, Israel, America......Page 1907
Silence II: Victor Jara: Pinochet, Memory, Oblivion......Page 1908
Pham Tuyên: Borderless Music......Page 1909
Burning Spear: Citation, Slavery Days......Page 1910
The 1857 Revolt and the Indian People´s Theatre Association: The Archive and the Preservation of Memory......Page 1911
Max Roach: Drum Culture......Page 1913
Bob Dylan, Public Enemy, Tupac Shakur, and the Black Panthers: Revolution and Reciprocity......Page 1914
Hip Hop Revolución: Organisation, Pedagogy, and Practice......Page 1916
A Musical Intifada: Palestine in Electronica and Hip Hop......Page 1918
Conclusion......Page 1921
References......Page 1922
Muslim Brotherhood......Page 1928
Definition/Description......Page 1929
Domestic and International Politics......Page 1930
Egypt´s Union with Syria......Page 1932
Media, the Arts, and Religion......Page 1933
War and Intervention......Page 1934
The Legacy of Nasserism......Page 1936
National Movement......Page 1937
Introduction......Page 1938
Historical and Theoretical Background......Page 1939
First Phase (1917-50)......Page 1940
Second Phase (1950-2000)......Page 1941
Individual Country Experiences......Page 1942
Current Discussions......Page 1944
Cross-References......Page 1945
Selected Works......Page 1946
Definition......Page 1947
`Eight Documents´ on Imperialism......Page 1949
Charu Mazumdar´s Later Writings on Imperialism......Page 1950
Organisational Views on Imperialism......Page 1953
CPI-ML on Imperialism......Page 1955
References......Page 1957
Introduction......Page 1958
Négritude´s Genesis: Black Internationalism and Translation in Inter-War Paris......Page 1959
Notebook of a Return to the Native Land......Page 1961
Négritude as Ontology......Page 1962
Historical Watershed, 1945......Page 1963
Négritude: Between Culture and Politics......Page 1964
References......Page 1965
Synonyms......Page 1966
The Essence of Imperialist Ideology and its Reproduction in Mainstream Economics......Page 1967
The Crisis of US-Led Imperialism and the Restructuring of International Economic Relations......Page 1968
Imperial Policies and the Rise of Neoliberal Ideology......Page 1969
Neoliberal Economics and the Apologetic Conception of Free Markets......Page 1971
Development Economics and the Ideological Defense of Imperialism......Page 1973
Critique and Conclusion......Page 1977
References......Page 1980
Neoliberalism......Page 1981
The Rise of Neoliberalism as a New Form of Imperialism......Page 1982
The Neoliberal Concept of Education......Page 1985
The Imperialist Neoliberal Reforms in the Global South´s Education......Page 1987
Conclusion......Page 1991
References......Page 1992
Introduction......Page 1994
Neoliberalism and Democracy......Page 1996
Introduction......Page 2000
Strategy Change 1: Neoliberal Discourse but Classical Liberal Democracy......Page 2001
Neoliberal Democracy?......Page 2002
Strategy Change 2: Neoliberal Practice Despite Discursive Changes......Page 2003
Introduction......Page 2004
Democratization and Neoliberalization Through Enlargement: EU-Europeanization of Membership Candidates......Page 2005
Democracy and Neoliberalization in the European Neighbourhood Policy......Page 2008
Conclusion......Page 2012
References......Page 2014
Neo-liberalism......Page 2016
Financialisation......Page 2018
References......Page 2021
Introduction......Page 2022
Imperialism Straddles the World......Page 2024
Imperialism and Theories......Page 2025
Free Trade Imperialism and Neo-liberalism......Page 2027
Neo-liberalism, Media, and Corporate Power......Page 2029
Neo-liberalism, Creative Adaptation and Resistance......Page 2031
Neo-liberalism and Corruption......Page 2033
Neo-liberalism and Democracy......Page 2036
Imperialism, Neo-liberalism, Inequality, and Resistance......Page 2037
References......Page 2039
Nepal......Page 2042
Definition......Page 2043
British Imperialism in Nepal......Page 2044
India´s Sub-imperialism......Page 2046
US Foreign Aid and Imperialism......Page 2048
The Growth of Anti-imperialism in Nepal......Page 2049
The Maoists and Anti-imperialism......Page 2050
Imperialist Powers´ Response to the Maoists......Page 2052
References......Page 2054
Definition......Page 2055
Formation of the Black Panther Party......Page 2056
Liberation Struggles......Page 2057
Survival Programmes......Page 2058
References......Page 2059
Introduction......Page 2060
Zelaya and the Regime Change Operation......Page 2061
The Conservative Restoration......Page 2062
Sandino´s Anti-imperialism......Page 2063
The Sandinista Popular Revolution and the Contra War......Page 2064
The Second Phase of the Sandinista Revolution......Page 2066
The 2018 Coup Attempt Against Nicaragua......Page 2067
References......Page 2071
Introduction......Page 2072
Austerity Measures and Structural Adjustment, 1980-1996......Page 2073
Post-1996 New Economic Order in Nigeria......Page 2074
Economic Deprivation and Militancy: Self-Determination Groups, the Niger Delta, and Boko Haram......Page 2076
Conclusion......Page 2078
References......Page 2079
Introduction......Page 2081
The Female Emigration Societies´ Constructive Imperialism......Page 2083
The Political Economic Orthodoxy of Empire-Building......Page 2084
Women´s Nuanced Empowerment and Imperial Unity......Page 2085
Female Emigrants´ Marketing Value......Page 2086
Female Imperialism......Page 2089
Conclusion......Page 2091
Newspapers......Page 2092
Introduction......Page 2093
Early life and the birth of a Pan-Africanist......Page 2094
Founding of the Convention People´s Party and Ghanaian independence......Page 2095
Independent Ghana......Page 2096
Pan-Africanism and Consciencism......Page 2098
Legacy......Page 2099
Non-Aligned Movement......Page 2100
The Initial Geo-Political Prerogative......Page 2101
The Role of the Global South and Asia......Page 2103
Outcomes......Page 2104
The Lack of a Coherent Agenda......Page 2105
Relevance Today......Page 2106
Definition......Page 2107
Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs)......Page 2108
`Civil Society´, Neo-Liberalism and Geopolitics......Page 2109
NGOs, Policing Dissent, and Gatekeeping......Page 2112
References......Page 2115
From No Colonialism to Post-colonialism......Page 2117
Greenlandic Inuit......Page 2119
Swedish-Spmi Relations......Page 2120
References......Page 2122
Nuclear Entanglement......Page 2123
Imperialism......Page 2124
Nuclear......Page 2126
Health and Environmental Effects......Page 2129
Conclusion......Page 2131
References......Page 2132
Early Life and Education......Page 2133
Nyerere´s Politics and Views......Page 2134
Critique and Conclusion......Page 2136
References......Page 2137
Definition......Page 2139
Assessing Orientalism......Page 2143
Othering......Page 2145
Finance Capital......Page 2146
Peripheralization......Page 2148
Ottoman Imperialism?......Page 2152
References......Page 2154
Definition......Page 2156
Newspapers Padmore wrote for......Page 2160
Introduction......Page 2161
Forerunners......Page 2162
The First Pan-African Conference......Page 2163
Du Bois and the Pan-African Congresses......Page 2164
Garvey and Garveyism......Page 2165
The Manchester Pan-African Congress......Page 2166
Nkrumah and the Road to the OAU......Page 2167
Sixth and Seventh Pan-African Congresses......Page 2168
Cross-References......Page 2170
Pan-Arabism......Page 2171
Historical Antecedents of Twentieth-Century Pan-Arabism......Page 2172
The Retroactive Arabisation of History and Geography......Page 2173
The Iran-Iraq War and Pan-Arabism......Page 2175
References......Page 2177
Definition......Page 2179
Concept and Conceptions......Page 2180
Scholarship and Classifications......Page 2181
Pan-Asianism Before the First World War......Page 2182
Pan-Asianism in the Twentieth Century......Page 2184
Pan-Asianism in the Twenty-First Century......Page 2187
References......Page 2188
Periphery......Page 2189
Situating the Historical Origins of Economic Exploitation, Cultural Domination, and State Violence in Peru......Page 2190
Anti-imperial and Anti-capitalism Struggles......Page 2192
Security Reforms......Page 2196
Economic Reforms......Page 2197
Human Rights Violations......Page 2198
Corruption......Page 2200
Cross-References......Page 2201
References......Page 2202
Definition......Page 2204
History......Page 2206
Iraq´s Threat to Petrodollar Imperialism......Page 2208
Contemporary Issues......Page 2210
References......Page 2212
Revisiting Spanish Hegemony......Page 2213
Crisis of the Mercantilist Dispensation......Page 2214
The Nightmare of Spanish Colonization......Page 2215
Knowledge Production for Profit......Page 2216
Crafting a Neocolonial Strategy......Page 2217
Interlude: The Japanese Occupation......Page 2218
Colonialism Refurbished......Page 2219
Crisis of the Neocolonial Order......Page 2220
Aftermath of the 1986 February Revolution......Page 2221
From Cold War to War on Terror......Page 2222
References......Page 2223
Definition......Page 2224
Imperialism and Philosophy: Accordant Relations......Page 2226
Imperialism and Philosophy: Discordant Relations......Page 2232
Conclusion......Page 2238
References......Page 2239
Planning......Page 2241
Josef Pilsudksi: Apostle of Polish Nationalism and Imperialism......Page 2242
Poland Challenges Czechoslovakia and Soviet Russia......Page 2243
Pilsudski´s Coup d´etat......Page 2244
Germany´s Aim Is to Liquidate the Polish Nation with British Acquiescence......Page 2246
Katyn......Page 2247
The Warsaw Rising of 1944......Page 2249
Soviet-Sponsored People´s Republic of Poland Replaces Self-Exiled London Poles......Page 2250
Solidarnosc Created......Page 2251
The Attempted Assassination of the Only Polish Pope in Vatican History......Page 2252
Poland Joins NATO......Page 2253
Police State......Page 2255
Definition......Page 2256
References......Page 2260
Synonyms......Page 2261
Introduction......Page 2262
A Concise Evolution of the European Integrational Project......Page 2263
Conflict Between Integrational Values and Core-Periphery Inequality......Page 2265
Methodological Approach to European Cross-Country Unequal Value Transfer......Page 2266
Eurozone Core-Periphery Classification......Page 2267
European Union (Extended) Core-Periphery Classification......Page 2274
Conclusion......Page 2277
References......Page 2279
Post Colonialism......Page 2280
Decolonisation and the Postcolonial Development Project......Page 2281
The Year 1968 and its Aftermath in the Global South......Page 2282
Neo-Liberalism and Its Discontents......Page 2284
Postcolonial Social Movements in the Contemporary Global South......Page 2285
References......Page 2286
Primitive Accumulation......Page 2287
Description......Page 2288
Brief Conceptual Framework......Page 2289
The Historical Context of Colonialism in Puerto Rico......Page 2290
Judicial Power......Page 2294
Legislative Power......Page 2295
Option 1: Independence......Page 2296
Option 3: Integration Within an Independent State......Page 2297
Referendums......Page 2298
Is Puerto Rico a Neocolony?......Page 2299
References......Page 2301
Qing Dynasty......Page 2305
Definition......Page 2306
Alternative Epistemology on Race/Racialization......Page 2308
Historical Racialization of Roma......Page 2309
Global Capitalism: Deep-Seated Structural Racialized Oppression of Roma......Page 2312
Cross-References......Page 2313
References......Page 2314
Definition......Page 2315
Ideology......Page 2316
Imperialism and the Practice of Racism......Page 2317
Imperial Collapse......Page 2320
Conclusion......Page 2321
References......Page 2322
The Refugee and Institutional Order......Page 2323
The Refugee Exception......Page 2324
The Refugee and Its Force......Page 2325
The Refugee and His or Her Material Forces......Page 2327
Refugees and Institutional Incompleteness......Page 2328
References......Page 2329
Resistance......Page 2330
The Post-emancipation Period, 1856-81......Page 2331
Labour Resistance in the 1930s......Page 2333
Black Power Revolution, 1970......Page 2335
The Grenada Revolution, 1979......Page 2336
Cross-References......Page 2338
Definition......Page 2339
Rome in the History of Imperialism......Page 2344
The Phases of Roman Expansion......Page 2346
Ancient Understandings......Page 2348
Explaining Expansion......Page 2350
The Tributary Empire......Page 2353
Control and Its Limits......Page 2355
References......Page 2356
Biography......Page 2358
The God of Small Things......Page 2359
Political Activism......Page 2360
Contribution......Page 2362
Definition......Page 2363
The Rule of Law......Page 2364
Contested Claims About the Rule of Law and Imperialism......Page 2366
Debates About the Rule of Law as an (Imperialistic) Imposition......Page 2368
References......Page 2372
Ruy Mauro Marini......Page 2373
Definition......Page 2374
Introduction......Page 2379
Amin´s Theoretical Work......Page 2380
The Law of Worldwide Value......Page 2381
Origins......Page 2384
Growth of the Movement......Page 2385
Splits and Decline......Page 2386
Legacy......Page 2387
Definition......Page 2388
Biography......Page 2389
Sankarism and Contributions to Anti-imperialism......Page 2390
References......Page 2391
Definition......Page 2392
Definition......Page 2396
Introduction......Page 2397
The Concept of a Mode of Production......Page 2398
Semi-colonialism and the Second Congress of the Comintern, 1920......Page 2401
Semi-colonialism in China......Page 2403
Semi-colonialism and the Chinese Revolution......Page 2406
Conclusion......Page 2407
References......Page 2408
Definition......Page 2409
Explaining the Origins and Rise of Sendero Luminoso......Page 2410
Explaining Sendero Luminoso guerrilla Advances......Page 2412
Explaining Sendero Luminoso´s Failure......Page 2414
Selected works......Page 2416
Definition......Page 2417
Definition......Page 2419
Négritude and Its Critics......Page 2420
Politics: Successes, Controversies, and Pluralism......Page 2421
Cultural and Political Legacy......Page 2423
Settlement......Page 2424
Definition......Page 2425
Cross-References......Page 2428
References......Page 2429
Introduction......Page 2430
Differentiating Colonies......Page 2431
The United States and Latin America......Page 2433
Canada and Australia......Page 2434
South Africa......Page 2436
Other Settler Colonies......Page 2437
Bibliography......Page 2440
Introduction......Page 2441
The Ideology of Economic Development......Page 2442
Law, Progress and Development......Page 2443
The Beginnings......Page 2444
Bedouin and Dispossession in International Perspective......Page 2446
References......Page 2447
Definition......Page 2449
Taking the Land: The Doctrine of Terra nullius......Page 2450
Slow Violence and Low-Level Warfare......Page 2452
Survival and Assimilation......Page 2453
References......Page 2455
Overview......Page 2456
Colonial History......Page 2457
Settler Colonialism and the Founding of the White ``American´´ Republic......Page 2458
Resistance and the Formation of a New Afrikan Nation......Page 2459
One People: Multiple Political Cultures......Page 2460
Manifest Destiny, Occupied Territory, Leading to Civil War......Page 2461
Reconstruction: Self-Determination or Subjugation......Page 2462
Nadir Period......Page 2464
Black Resistance During the Nadir Period......Page 2465
Civil Rights Movement Emerges......Page 2466
Pro-Self-Determination Sentiments in the 1950s and Early 1960s......Page 2467
Toward Black Power: Self-Determination, Self-Respect, and Self-Defense......Page 2468
Conclusion......Page 2469
Six-Day War (1967)......Page 2470
The `American Way´ of Imperialism......Page 2471
US Imperialism in the Age of Industrial/Financial Capitalism......Page 2472
Spanish-American War and the `Cuban Model´ of US Imperialism......Page 2473
Globalisation of Gunboat/Dollar Diplomacy......Page 2475
The Big Picture of US Imperialism and the Cold War......Page 2476
The Big Picture of Cold War and `Post-Cold War´: Consequences for the US......Page 2477
Interventions and Their Concrete Social Costs......Page 2478
Conclusions on `Cost Benefits´ of the US Brand of Imperialism......Page 2485
Social Relations......Page 2486
Socialism, Nationalism, and Imperialism in the Arab Countries......Page 2487
The Postindependence and Arab Socialist Experience......Page 2493
The Weight of History......Page 2496
After Colonialism......Page 2499
References......Page 2500
Socialist-Feminism......Page 2501
Ancient and Modern Imperial Ruin......Page 2502
From the Sundered......Page 2503
Mercantile Capital Accumulation......Page 2504
Tracing the Past......Page 2505
Class Entitlements to Surplus-Value......Page 2506
Lines of Demarcation......Page 2507
From Mercantilism and Free Trade to Financial Capital Exports and Colonies......Page 2508
References......Page 2509
Southern Africa......Page 2510
Understanding SSC: Overblown? Unsustainable? Sub-imperialist?......Page 2511
South-South Co-operation in Historical Perspective......Page 2513
Specificities of Post-war Combined Development......Page 2514
and the US Attempt to Turn Back the Clock......Page 2515
SSC Mark I......Page 2516
South-South Co-operation Today......Page 2518
Foreign Direct Investment......Page 2519
Conclusion......Page 2520
References......Page 2521
Personal Life and Education......Page 2523
Theoretical Milestones and Contributions......Page 2524
Scholarly Connections and Critical Evaluations......Page 2526
References......Page 2528
A Short Biography......Page 2529
Stalin´s Theoretical Contributions to Anti-imperialism......Page 2530
The USSR and Anti-imperialism Before the Second World War......Page 2531
Anti-imperialism Outside the Pre-war Soviet Union......Page 2534
The USSR in the Second World War......Page 2536
The USSR and Post-war Anti-imperialism......Page 2537
References......Page 2538
Introduction......Page 2539
Stratification......Page 2541
Semiperiphery......Page 2543
Periphery......Page 2545
Uneven Peripheralization and Semiperipheralization......Page 2547
Notes......Page 2548
References......Page 2549
Definition......Page 2551
The Theory of Structural Violence......Page 2552
The Theory of Structural Imperialism......Page 2553
Extensions......Page 2555
Criticisms......Page 2556
Conclusion......Page 2557
Struggle......Page 2558
Super-Exploitation in the Labour Theory of Value: From Marx to Marini......Page 2559
Super-Exploitation Under the New Brazilian Miracle......Page 2566
The General Law of Accumulation and the Race to the Bottom......Page 2568
Conclusion......Page 2570
References......Page 2571
From Arab Nationalism to the Cold War......Page 2574
From the War on Terror to the Arab Uprisings......Page 2578
The War for Syria......Page 2579
The Proxy War Unfolds......Page 2581
References......Page 2588
Introduction......Page 2589
Syria´s Historical Struggle for Autonomy......Page 2590
The Neoliberal Ride......Page 2593
The Current Conflict......Page 2595
Conclusion: Building Resilience......Page 2597
Bibliography......Page 2598
Background......Page 2600
Hong Xiuquan......Page 2601
Thistle Mountain......Page 2602
Nanjing......Page 2603
Tianjing Incident......Page 2604
Hong Rengan and Victory over the Qing......Page 2605
The Battle of Shanghai......Page 2606
Selected Works......Page 2607
Introduction......Page 2608
Taxation......Page 2609
Imposition of Tax: Principles of Taxation and Best Practice......Page 2610
Neoliberalism: Structural Adjustment Programs......Page 2611
Is Imperialism Dead?......Page 2612
Possible Causes of Capital Flight......Page 2613
Mechanisms for Capital Flight......Page 2614
Tax Evasion, Tax Havens, and Capital Flight......Page 2615
Present-Day MNCs and Capital Flight......Page 2616
Tax Reforms......Page 2617
The Role of Regional Blocs......Page 2618
Bibliography......Page 2619
Theories of Economic Development......Page 2621
Key Concepts and Terms......Page 2622
Differences from Other Critiques of Imperialism......Page 2624
History of Third Worldism in Marxism......Page 2625
Conclusion......Page 2630
References......Page 2631
Thomas Sankara......Page 2632
Introduction......Page 2633
Historical Context......Page 2634
Trade Liberalisation and Haiti´s Rice Industry......Page 2635
Trade Liberalisation and the Eastern Caribbean Banana Industry......Page 2636
The Caribbean in the Contemporary Context......Page 2638
References......Page 2640
Introduction......Page 2641
Setting the Scene: British Conquest and Settlement, 1606-1778......Page 2642
Legacies of Settlement, Realities of Colonialism: Incorporation of the Island and the Great Famine, 1800-1900......Page 2643
Rebellion and ``Independence´´: Fracturing the Union, 1916-1922......Page 2644
Building the New Nation: 1922-1970......Page 2645
The Troubles: Colonial Legacies and Realities, 1969-1998......Page 2648
Looking Forward: Brexit and the Possibility of a United, Socialist Ireland, 2015-Present......Page 2650
References......Page 2651
Definition......Page 2652
Emergence of George Weekes (27 April 1921-2 February 1995)......Page 2653
OWTU and Resistance to Imperialism (1963-69)......Page 2654
OWTU and Resistance to Imperialism (1970-79)......Page 2656
OWTU and Resistance to Imperialism (1980-87)......Page 2658
References......Page 2662
Introduction......Page 2663
1946-1960: Installing Ties with Imperialism and Proxy Foreign Policy......Page 2664
1960-1980: Import-Substitution Model and Relative Autonomous Foreign Policy......Page 2666
1980-1997: Integration to International Neoliberal System......Page 2668
Turkey´s New Commitments to Imperialism......Page 2669
1997-2018: Triumph of Neoliberalism Under IMF Programs and AKP Rule......Page 2671
Dependency on Foreign Capital Inflow and Net Resource Transfers......Page 2673
Alignment with Imperialism......Page 2674
Concluding Remarks......Page 2676
References......Page 2677
Definition......Page 2678
Introduction......Page 2679
Brief Historical Background......Page 2680
Political Actors......Page 2681
Anti-Imperialism and the Polemics: Anti-Imperialism and its Historical Legacy......Page 2683
Effects of the Chinese Revolution and the Vietnam War......Page 2684
Conclusion......Page 2685
Introduction......Page 2686
The Emergence of the US as Global Hegemonic Power......Page 2688
Now Why Would this Matter So Much?......Page 2691
Weapondollar-Petrodollar Circulation......Page 2693
Impending Scenarios: Hegemonic Reversal......Page 2695
References......Page 2696
Definition......Page 2698
The Origin of US Imperialist Policies......Page 2699
US Imperialism from 1903 to 1932......Page 2700
Imperialism and the New Deal......Page 2701
The Alliance for Progress......Page 2702
The Nation Turns to the Right......Page 2704
The `Neocons´ Take Control......Page 2706
Trump: Aggressive Imperialism Returns......Page 2707
Conclusion......Page 2708
U.S.-China Cold War......Page 2709
Definition......Page 2710
Ukraine´s Capitalism with a Twist......Page 2711
EU Association Agreement with Ukraine and the Crisis of 2013-2014......Page 2714
Substitution of the Nation-Making Idea: Architecting False Consciousness......Page 2716
Western Imperialism?......Page 2717
Russian Imperialism?......Page 2722
Concluding Remarks......Page 2724
Cross-References......Page 2725
References......Page 2726
Underdevelopment......Page 2728
Definition......Page 2729
The Terms-of-Trade Debate......Page 2732
Unequal Exchange between Temperate and Tropical Sections of the Dual World Labour Market......Page 2735
Unequal Exchange as a Factor in Capitalist Overdevelopment......Page 2738
References......Page 2743
Uneven and Combined Development......Page 2746
Definition......Page 2747
From World-Systems Theory to Global Production Networks......Page 2748
Capturing Value and Upgrading......Page 2751
Limitations of Value Capture......Page 2753
The Relevance of a Global Production Network Focus......Page 2755
References......Page 2757
United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)......Page 2758
Definition......Page 2759
References......Page 2766
Definition......Page 2767
The Territorial System......Page 2768
Native American Resistance and Adaptation in the Early Republic......Page 2769
Settler Imperialism: Texas and the US-Mexican War......Page 2771
Consolidation of the West and Pacific Expansion (1865-98)......Page 2772
Imperial Consolidation and Eyeing the Caribbean and Pacific......Page 2773
Debating the Impetus of 1890s Expansion......Page 2774
References......Page 2775
The Imperialist Roots of the War......Page 2776
French Colonialism and the Origins of the US War in Vietnam......Page 2777
The Diem Regime Under Presidents Eisenhower and Kennedy......Page 2778
Kennedy and Vietnam......Page 2779
JFK and the Overthrow of Diem......Page 2780
The Tonkin Gulf Incident......Page 2781
The Hue Massacre......Page 2782
The Phoenix Program......Page 2783
President Nixon, Vietnamization, and the End of the War......Page 2784
My Lai: 20 Months Later......Page 2785
The Military Antiwar Movement......Page 2786
Paris Peace Conference......Page 2787
Some Lessons of the War in Vietnam......Page 2788
Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Condemned the War: And Was Vilified for It......Page 2789
Myths and Lies About the Antiwar Movement Would Fill the Rose Bowl......Page 2790
Ecocide Is an Essential Legacy of the War......Page 2791
Advice from a Vietnam Veteran: Read Some Good History Books......Page 2792
References......Page 2793
Contact and Initial Ties......Page 2795
Adaptation Within a Global Economy......Page 2796
Pulling Towards and Pushing Against Annexation......Page 2797
Definition......Page 2799
``Losing´´ Latin America?......Page 2800
Latin America´s Growing Autonomy: A ``World Historical Event´´......Page 2802
Evaluating the ``New´´ Latin America......Page 2804
Cross-References......Page 2806
References......Page 2807
Definition......Page 2808
References......Page 2822
Introduction......Page 2823
The Neoliberal Agenda and the Destruction of Yugoslavia......Page 2825
The United States, NATO, and the United Nations......Page 2830
Imperial Competition in the Balkan Wars......Page 2833
US Imperial Strategy and Kosovo......Page 2835
Bibliography......Page 2838
The National Security State......Page 2839
Historical Contextualization......Page 2840
The Ideological Hegemony of Militarism......Page 2841
Institutional Continuity and Minimal Dislocation: The Legacy System......Page 2844
Measuring the Government Employment Impact Within the Military Sector......Page 2846
The Employment Multiplier Effect of Military Expenditures......Page 2847
Employment Effects of Weapons System Production in the Private Sector......Page 2848
Summing Up: The Macroeconomic Impact of the Military Sector......Page 2849
The Costs of US Interventions......Page 2850
The Invisibility Hypothesis: ``Out of Sight, Out of Mind´´......Page 2851
US Hegemony......Page 2852
References......Page 2853
Introductory Paragraph......Page 2855
The United States and Africa During the Twentieth Century......Page 2856
China´s Involvement in Africa......Page 2858
The United States and Africa During the Twenty-First Century: AFRICOM and the War on Terror......Page 2859
The United States in Africa: A New Form of Light Footprint Military Presence?......Page 2860
Conclusion......Page 2861
References......Page 2862
USSR......Page 2864
Definition......Page 2865
Rise to Electoral Power......Page 2866
Constitution of 1999 and Consolidation of Power......Page 2867
Heightened Resistance, Coup Attempt, and Retreat......Page 2868
Oil Industry Shutdown and Chvez´s Comeback......Page 2869
Recall Referendum and Radicalisation......Page 2870
Hubris and Renewal of the Bolivarian Movement......Page 2871
Economic Crisis, Cancer, and Renewed Destabilisation......Page 2872
Verticality......Page 2873
Early Life and Academic Influences......Page 2874
The Political Economy of World-Systems......Page 2875
White Supremacy......Page 2879
The Historian: On Slavery, Monopoly, and European Capitalism......Page 2880
The Politician: Anti-Imperialist, Pan-Caribbean, Nationalist......Page 2882
Conclusion: Growing Conservative?......Page 2883
Definition......Page 2884
References......Page 2890
Synonyms......Page 2891
The Colonial State and the Tribalization of Women......Page 2892
Iraqi Feminisms in the 1940s and 1950s......Page 2895
The Iraqi Personal Status Code and the Postcolonial Question......Page 2896
Women´s Rights and Authoritarianism Under the Baʿthist Regime......Page 2898
The Gulf War and the Invisible War......Page 2899
The 2003 US-Led Invasion and Occupation......Page 2900
Fragmentation of Women´s Legal Rights......Page 2901
Protest Movements......Page 2902
Conclusion......Page 2903
References......Page 2904
World Money......Page 2905
Definition......Page 2906
References......Page 2913
World-Systems Theory......Page 2914
Introduction: Yemen and the World......Page 2915
Yemen as Source of Legitimacy......Page 2916
A Local Resource: Political Entrepreneurs and Indirect Rule......Page 2917
Conclusion......Page 2924
Archival Source......Page 2925
Imperialism......Page 2926
Zionism......Page 2927
The Balfour Declaration......Page 2928
Biblical Origins......Page 2929
The Zionist leadership´s Imperial Plans......Page 2930
Israel´s `War of Independence´: The Concept of Transfer in Practice......Page 2932
Post-independence Imperialism: Cultural Genocide......Page 2933
Post-independence Imperialism: Treatment of Remaining `Israeli-Arabs´......Page 2935
Continuing Imperialism: The Occupied Territories......Page 2936
Conclusion......Page 2938
Selected Works......Page 2939