The Paleozoic Era. Diversification of Plant and Animal Life

TITLE......Page 4
COPYRIGHT......Page 5
CONTENTS......Page 6
INTRODUCTION......Page 19
CHAPTER 1 AN OVERVIEW OF PALEOZOIC TIME......Page 30
PALEOZOIC LIFE......Page 31
PALEOZOIC GEOGRAPHY......Page 33
CHAPTER 2 THE CAMBRIAN PERIOD......Page 37
PALEOGEOGRAPHY......Page 39
PALEOCLIMATE......Page 46
CAMBRIAN LIFE......Page 47
THE FOSSIL RECORD OF THE PRECAMBRIAN-CAMBRIAN TRANSITION......Page 48
PHOTOSYNTHETIC ORGANISMS......Page 52
FAUNA......Page 53
DEPOSITS WITH SOFT-BODIED ORGANISMS......Page 57
CAMBRIAN EXTINCTION EVENTS......Page 60
SIGNIFICANT CAMBRIAN LIFE-FORMS......Page 61
TYPES AND DISTRIBUTION......Page 83
THE BOUNDARIES AND SUBDIVISIONS OF THE CAMBRIAN SYSTEM......Page 86
THE ECONOMIC SIGNIFICANCE OF CAMBRIAN DEPOSITS......Page 88
THE CORRELATION OF CAMBRIAN STRATA......Page 89
FORTUNIAN STAGE......Page 91
GUZHANGIAN STAGE......Page 92
PAIBIAN STAGE......Page 93
THE ORDOVICIAN ENVIRONMENT......Page 94
PALEOGEOGRAPHY......Page 97
PALEOCLIMATE......Page 102
MARINE ORGANISMS......Page 105
TERRESTRIAL ORGANISMS......Page 110
THE ORDOVICIAN RADIATION......Page 111
ORDOVICIAN EXTINCTION EVENTS......Page 115
FAUNAL PROVINCES......Page 118
SIGNIFICANT ORDOVICIAN LIFE-FORMS......Page 119
SIGNIFICANT GEOLOGIC EVENTS......Page 130
THE ECONOMIC SIGNIFICANCE OF ORDOVICIAN DEPOSITS......Page 132
THE CORRELATION OF ORDOVICIAN STRATA......Page 133
STAGES OF THE ORDOVICIAN PERIOD......Page 134
FLOIAN STAGE......Page 135
DARRIWILIAN STAGE......Page 136
KATIAN STAGE......Page 137
HIRNANTIAN STAGE......Page 138
THE SILURIAN ENVIRONMENT......Page 139
PALEOGEOGRAPHY......Page 141
PALEOCLIMATE......Page 145
SILURIAN LIFE......Page 147
PENTAMERID COMMUNITIES......Page 148
REEF MOUNDS AND CORAL BIOSTROMES......Page 150
FISHES......Page 151
SILURIAN EXTINCTION EVENTS......Page 152
SIGNIFICANT SILURIAN LIFE-FORMS......Page 153
SILURIAN GEOLOGY......Page 161
THE ECONOMIC SIGNIFICANCE OF SILURIAN DEPOSITS......Page 162
THE MAJOR SUBDIVISIONS OF THE SILURIAN SYSTEM......Page 164
SIGNIFICANT GEOLOGIC EVENTS......Page 165
THE OCCURRENCE AND DISTRIBUTION OF SILURIAN DEPOSITS......Page 167
THE CORRELATION OF SILURIAN STRATA......Page 174
ESTABLISHING SILURIAN BOUNDARIES......Page 178
STAGES OF THE SILURIAN PERIOD......Page 182
AERONIAN STAGE......Page 183
SHEINWOODIAN STAGE......Page 184
GORSTIAN STAGE......Page 185
PRIDOLI SERIES......Page 186
CHAPTER 5 THE DEVONIAN PERIOD......Page 188
PALEOGEOGRAPHY......Page 191
DEVONIAN LIFE......Page 193
INVERTEBRATES......Page 194
VERTEBRATES......Page 196
PLANTS......Page 198
FAUNAL REALMS AND MIGRATIONS......Page 200
DEVONIAN EXTINCTION EVENTS......Page 201
SIGNIFICANT DEVONIAN LIFE-FORMS......Page 203
DEVONIAN GEOLOGY......Page 222
SIGNIFICANT GEOLOGIC EVENTS......Page 223
THE ECONOMIC SIGNIFICANCE OF DEVONIAN DEPOSITS......Page 225
ESTABLISHING DEVONIAN BOUNDARIES......Page 226
THE OCCURRENCE AND DISTRIBUTION OF DEVONIAN DEPOSITS......Page 227
THE CORRELATION OF DEVONIAN STRATA......Page 239
LOCHKOVIAN STAGE......Page 240
PRAGIAN STAGE......Page 241
EIFELIAN STAGE......Page 242
GIVETIAN STAGE......Page 243
FRASNIAN STAGE......Page 244
FAMENNIAN STAGE......Page 245
THE CARBONIFEROUS ENVIRONMENT......Page 246
PALEOGEOGRAPHY......Page 247
PALEOCLIMATE......Page 248
CARBONIFEROUS LIFE......Page 249
INVERTEBRATES......Page 250
PLANTS......Page 252
FISHES......Page 253
AMPHIBIANS AND EARLY REPTILES......Page 254
SIGNIFICANT CARBONIFEROUS LIFE-FORMS......Page 255
CARBONIFEROUS GEOLOGY......Page 268
SIGNIFICANT GEOLOGIC EVENTS......Page 269
THE MAJOR SUBDIVISIONS OF THE CARBONIFEROUS SYSTEM......Page 270
THE OCCURRENCE AND DISTRIBUTION OF CARBONIFEROUS DEPOSITS......Page 271
THE CORRELATION OF CARBONIFEROUS STRATA......Page 277
MISSISSIPPIAN SUBPERIOD......Page 279
PENNSYLVANIAN SUBPERIOD......Page 283
CHAPTER 7 THE PERMIAN PERIOD......Page 286
PALEOGEOGRAPHY......Page 287
PALEOCLIMATE......Page 289
PERMIAN LIFE......Page 290
THE EMERGENCE OF IMPORTANT REPTILES......Page 292
PERMIAN MASS EXTINCTION......Page 294
SIGNIFICANT PERMIAN LIFE-FORMS......Page 297
PERMIAN GEOLOGY......Page 307
THE MAJOR SUBDIVISIONS OF THE PERMIAN SYSTEM......Page 308
THE ECONOMIC SIGNIFICANCE OF PERMIAN DEPOSITS......Page 310
THE OCCURRENCE AND DISTRIBUTION OF PERMIAN DEPOSITS......Page 312
DELINEATING THE MAJOR BOUNDARIES AND SUBDIVISIONS OF THE PERMIAN SYSTEM......Page 317
STAGES OF THE PERMIAN PERIOD......Page 319
SAKMARIAN STAGE......Page 320
ARTINSKIAN STAGE......Page 321
KUNGURIAN STAGE......Page 322
WORDIAN STAGE......Page 323
WUCHIAPINGIAN STAGE......Page 324
CHANGHSINGIAN STAGE......Page 325
CONCLUSION......Page 326
GLOSSARY......Page 327
FOR FURTHER READING......Page 330
INDEX......Page 332