The Oxford Handbook of the Jewish Diaspora (Oxford Handbooks)

Cover
The Oxford Handbook of THE JEWISH DIASPORA
Copyright
Contents
Acknowledgments
Contributors
Introduction: The History of the History of the Jewish Diaspora
	Notes
	Bibliography
Part I: DIASPORA AND CANONICAL WORKS
	Chapter 1: Exile and Diaspora in the Bible
		Exile and the Birth of theJewish Diaspora
		Literary Imagery of Exile
		The Theology of Exile
		Life in the Babylonian Diaspora
		The Diaspora and the Homeland
		Diaspora Stories
		Exile and Jewish Identity
		The Never-EndingExile
		Conclusion
		Notes
		Bibliography
	Chapter 2: The Concept of Diaspora in Rabbinic Sources
		The Constitution of Bavel as Rabbinic Diaspora
		Diaspora Self-Consciousness: Polarization of “Here” and “There”
		Dialectics of Mobility and Place in Rabbinic Diaspora
		Conclusion
		Notes
		Bibliography
	Chapter 3: Turning to Jerusalem from the Exile: Jewish Liturgy’s Engagement with the Diaspora
		Symbolic Connections with Jerusalem
		The Prayers
			The Rabbinic-EraCore of the Liturgy
			Later Additions to the Liturgy
			Women’s Prayers
			Days of Communal Mourning
		Modern Challenges to the Traditional Conceptions
		Conclusion
		Notes
		Bibliography
	Chapter 4: The Doctrine of Exile in Kabbalah
		Four Models of Exile
		Kabbalistic Symbols for the Cosmic Exile
		God’s Exile in Early Kabbalistic Sources
		Sixteenth-CenturyMystical Safed
		Popularizing Kabbalah: Attempting to End Exile
		New Kabbalistic Practices
		Lurianic Kabbalah: Exile and Restoration
			Exile of Souls
			Academic Debates over Lurianic Kabbalah, Exile, and Messianism
		Dispute over the Purpose of Exile
			Exile as Punishment
			Exile as Mission
			A Third Way: the Maharal of Prague
		Dispute over Israel’s Restricted or Expandable Holiness
			Abraham Kook: Modern Mystical Views on Israel’s Holiness
			Israel’s Diminishing Holiness and its Diasporic Implications
			A Liminal Position
			Transferable Sanctity and Ecstatic Kabbalah
		A Novel Institution: the Hasidic Rebbe
		Nahman of Uman
		Kabbalah, Messianism and Holiness in Diaspora: Climactic Convergence in Chabad
		Blurring the Binaries: Creative Hasidic Combinations
		Conclusion
		Notes
		Bibliography
	Chapter 5: The Jewish Diaspora in Christian Thinking
		From Jesus to Augustine
		Enter Augustine
		Catholicism in the Wake of Augustine
		The Reformation
		Conclusion
		Notes
		Bibliography
Part II: THE DIASPORA AND JEWISH THOUGHT
	Chapter 6: Distinctiveness and Diaspora in Medieval and Early Modern Jewish Thought
		The Medieval Period: Halevi and Maimonides
		The Early Modern Period: Simone Luzzatto and Menasseh ben Israel
		The Early Modern Period: Spinoza
		Conclusion
		Notes
		Bibliography
	Chapter 7: Diaspora in Modern Jewish Thought
		Diaspora as Jewish Value and Mission
		Zionism and the Negation of the Diaspora
		Diaspora Overshadowed
		Diasporism
		Conclusion: The Future of Diaspora in Jewish Thought
		Notes
		Bibliography
	Chapter 8: Zionism andthe Negation of the Diaspora
		Introduction
		Origins of the Idea: Dubnow versus Ahad Ha’am
		Political, Economic, and Moral Arguments
		Diaspora History: Negative and Positive
		Diaspora Negation in the State of Israel
		Conclusion: Diaspora Negation Negated
		Notes
		Bibliography
	Chapter 9: Celebrating the Diaspora: The Intellectual Defense
		Origins and Overview of Diaspora Nationalism
		Simon Dubnow
		Haim Zhitlowski
		Nathan Birnbaum
		Diaspora Thought after War World War II
		Conclusion
		Notes
		Bibliography
	Chapter 10: “A Land for a People, Not a People fora Land”: The Territorial Ideology, 1903–1957
		The Jewish Territorial Organization (ITO)
		The New Territorialism: The Freeland League
		The Freeland League and the State of Israel
		Conclusion
		Notes
		Bibliography
Part III: FOUR DIASPORA CENTERS
	Chapter 11: Babylonia: A DiasporaCenter
		The Creation of a Diaspora and the Achaemenid Era
		Seleucid and Parthian Eras
		The Sasanian Era and the Growing Centrality of Babylonia
		Rabbis between Babylonia and Palestine
		Islamic Conquest and Gaonic Era
		Conclusion
		Notes
		Bibliography
	Chapter 12: Not Quite Exile, Not Quite Home: Spain as a Diaspora Center
		The Flowering of Jewish Life in Muslim Spain: 711–1147
		Sephardic Identity and the Role of Lineage or Pedigree in Muslim Spain
		From Muslim to Christian Spain: Transition and Transformation
		Jewish Cultural Continuities and Innovations in Christian Spain
		From Decline to Destruction and Expulsion in the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries
		Conclusion
		Notes
		Bibliography
	Chapter 13: Jews in the Polish-Lithuanian Common wealth: An Embedded Diaspora
		Demography and the Status of Jews in Poland
		A Distinct Jewish Identity in a Christian Environment
		Rooted in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and Connected Beyond
		Trade and Diplomatic Networks
		Conclusion
		Notes
		Bibliography
	Chapter 14: A New World Babylonia: The United States of America
		The American Context
		Postwar Trends
		Creating a New Babylonia
		Israel and the Holocaust
		Conclusion
		Notes
		Bibliography
Part IV: JEWISH DIASPORAS ACROSS TIME AND SPACE
	Chapter 15: The Mediterranean Jewish Diaspora of Late Antiquity
		Sources
		Theory
		Geographic Distribution
		Economic life of Jews in the Late Antique Mediterranean
		Institutions, Organizations, and Offices
		Religious Practices and Associated Ideas
		Questions of Commonality and Difference
			Linguistics
			Logistics of Communication
		Pressures on Jews in a Now Christian Empire and Jewish Responses
		Conclusion
		Notes
		Bibliography
	Chapter 16: The Emergence of the Medieval Northern European Diaspora
		The Beginnings of Northern European Jewry
		The Development of Northern European Jewry
		Jewish Movement Eastward
		Conclusion
		Notes
		Bibliography
	Chapter 17: Jews and Diaspora in the Medieval Islamic Middle East
		Jewish Populations in the Early Islamic Middle East
		Transregional Judaism in the Middle East, ca. 900–1050
		After the “Gaonic Era”: From Transregional to Local Centers
		Notes
		Bibliography
	Chapter 18: The Ashkenazic Diaspora of Early Modern Central Europe
		An Age of Sub-Diasporas
		Language, Print Culture, and Collective Identification
		Variant Participants: Shared Social and Legal Structures
		Merchants, Scholars, Paupers, and Wives: The Boundaries of Mobility
		The Sinews of Diaspora: Letters and Objects in Motion
		Diaspora Politics: Communal Autonomy and Jewish Solidarities
		Conclusion
		Notes
		Bibliography
	Chapter 19: The Western Sephardic Diaspora
		Origins
		Italy
		The Portuguese Empire
		Amsterdam
		The Americas and London
		Decline
		Conclusion
		Notes
		Bibliography
	Chapter 20: Diaspora as Nation: The Mediterranean Sephardim between the Fifteenth and Twentieth Centuries
		From Iberian Jews to Sephardim
		Organizing Principles: Religion, Language, and Nation
		Shifting Identities in the Modern World
		From Sephardim to Mizrahim
		Conclusion
		Notes
		Bibliography
	Chapter 21: Globalizing Diaspora: The Eastern European Jewish Mass Migration and the Transformation of the Jewish Diaspora
		Origins and Perceptions
		Migration and “Metropolization”
		Diversity and Diaspora
		Refugees and Restrictions
		New Gateways
		From History to Memory
		Conclusion
		Notes
		Bibliography
	Chapter 22: Did German Jews Remain German JewsOnce They Left Their  Homeland?
		Leaving Germany for Good in the Nineteenth Century
			Arriving
			Settling
		The German-Jewish Diaspora of the Twentieth Century
			Emigration and Flight
			Arriving and Settling
			Cultural Heritage and Adaptation
		Political Interests
		Jewishness
		Did They Remain “German?”
		Second Generation
		Conclusion
		Notes
		Bibliography
	Chapter 23: Holocaust Survivor Diaspora(s)
		Defining “Holocaust Survivor Diaspora(s)”
		The She’erit Hapletah in the Jewish Displaced Persons Camps: The First Survivor Diaspora?
		Survivor Diasporas beyond the Displaced Persons Camps
		Survivor Networks in the “New World”
		Publishing
		Witnessing
		Commemorating
		Survivor Diasporas and the “Era of the Witness”
		Conclusion
		Notes
		Bibliography
	Chapter 24: The Modern Diaspora of Jews from the Arab Middle East and North Africa
		Sephardi Jews in the Muslim World
		Migrations and Identities
		Nation States and Empires
		Diasporas in the Land of Israel: Trajectories in the Late Ottoman Empire
		New Identities and Allegiances between the Two World Wars
		World War II and Decolonization
		Refugees, Immigrants, and Migrants: The Formation of New Diasporas
		Conclusion
		Notes
		Bibliography
	Chapter 25: Israel and the Diaspora to 1967
		First Steps in Formal Relations
		The Diaspora in Zionist Thought
		Declining Influence of American Zionists in Israeli Politics
		Non-Zionistsas Willing Partners
		The Ben-Gurion–Blaustein Agreement
		Reparations, Restitution and Indemnification
		Israel and Diaspora Organizations Negotiate in Tandem
		Department of Diaspora Affairs in the Israel Foreign Ministry
		Israel and the Austrian Jewish Community
		Israel and Soviet Jewry
		Conclusion
		Notes
		Bibliography
	Chapter 26: The Jewish Israeli Diaspora
		Israel and Emigration
		Israeli and Diaspora Jewish Identities
		Israeli Emigrant Reactions to Diaspora Identities
		The Changing Context of Israeli Emigration
		Reconsidering Identity
		Child Rearing and National Identity
		Jewish Ethnicity and Peoplehood
		Second Generation Identity
		Continued Concern about Emigration
		Conclusion
		Notes
		Bibliography
	Chapter 27: Saving Soviet Jews and the Future of the Global Jewish Diaspora
		The Movement to Save Soviet Jews
		Post-SovietJewish Immigration, Absorption, and Integration
			Post-SovietJews in New York
			Post-SovietJews in Europe
		Former Soviet Jews in Israel
		Former Soviet Jews in Israeli Politics
		Post-Soviet JAFI
		Philanthropy and Post-SovietJews
		Conclusion
		Notes
		Bibliography
Part V: THEMES ACROSS DIASPORAS
	Chapter 28: ‘Saving’ the Jews of the Diaspora: A History of International Jewish Aid
		Early Modern Roots
		International Jewish Aid as Part of the European “Civilizing Mission”: 1840–1878
		International Jewish Aid under the Emerging “Paris System”
		Jewish Aid in the Post-1919 Wilsonian International Order
		After the Shoah: Between Reconstruction of Diaspora Life and Israeli State-Building
		Conclusion
		Notes
		Bibliography
	Chapter 29: Belonging Across the Diaspora: Global Jewish Organizations
		B’nai B’rith: The First Global Jewish Organization
		Politics, Culture, and the Expansion of Global Jewish Identities
		Landsmanshaftn: The Local Meets the Global
		Conclusion
		Notes
		Bibliography
	Chapter 30: Philanthropy and the Jewish Diaspora in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries
		Origins: The Council of Four Lands
		Nineteenth-Century International Jewish Organizations
		The Impact of Zionism on Institutional Jewish Life in the Diaspora
		American Jewish Organizations and European Jewish Communities in the Interwar Period
		The American Jewish Congress, the Comité des délégations juives, and the World Jewish Congress
		International Jewish Organizations in the Postwar Era and the Founding of the State of Israel
		Conclusion
		Notes
		Bibliography
	Chapter 31: Reporting the Diaspora: The Global Jewish Press
		Jewish Serials: The Western Model
		The “Eastern” Models
		The First Wave of Demographic Turmoil (1881–1945)
		The Second Wave of Demographic Turmoil
		Acknowledgment
		Notes
		Bibliography
	Chapter 32: Jewish Languages
		Jewish Religiolects in the Diaspora and in Israel
		Sociocultural and Sociolinguistic Characteristics of Jewish Religiolects
		The Emergence of Language Varieties among Jews in the Diaspora
		Crossing Religious Boundaries in the Diaspora
		Conclusion
		Notes
		Bibliography
	Chapter 33: Liturgical Music in the Jewish Tradition
		Liturgical Practices
		Cantillation: Recitation of Torah
		Chant in the Ashkenazic Tradition
		Music in Sephardi/Mizrahi Liturgy
		The Role of New Music in Contemporary Synagogue Life
		Notes
		Bibliography
	Chapter 34: Jewish Food in the Diaspora
		Jewish Eating: Kashrut and Holiday Foodways
		Jewish Difference: Ethnic Foodways and Flavors
		Jewish Cuisine or Jewish Foods?
		Notes
		Bibliography
Index