The Overlap of Affective and Schizophrenic Spectra

Cover......Page 1
Half-title......Page 3
Title......Page 5
Copyright......Page 6
Contents......Page 7
Contributors......Page 9
Preface......Page 13
Broad–narrow–broad: the circuitry of certainties and uncertainties......Page 15
Empirical efforts to identify the schizoaffective overlap......Page 16
The ICD and DSM evolution: their strengths and weaknesses......Page 23
Polymorphism, continuum and overlap: the existent reality......Page 29
REFERENCES......Page 32
Single major locus models......Page 39
Quantitative trait polygenic models......Page 40
Genetic epidemiology......Page 41
Genetic linkage studies......Page 43
Overlapping genes......Page 46
Conclusion......Page 50
REFERENCES......Page 52
Kraepelin’s 1920 doubts about the binary principle......Page 57
An evolutionary and ontogenetic concept......Page 58
Are there genes for psychosis?......Page 60
A sex chromosomal locus?......Page 61
The cerebral torque and the evolution of language......Page 65
REFERENCES......Page 66
Background......Page 69
Psychopathology: diagnostic systems......Page 71
Psychopathology: syndrome-oriented approaches......Page 73
The Zurich family study......Page 74
Evidence for a common neurobiological basis?......Page 75
Ethnicity-independent vulnerability......Page 78
Response to treatment......Page 80
Conclusions......Page 83
References......Page 86
Introduction......Page 93
Sustained attention......Page 94
Sustained attention deficits in schizophrenia......Page 96
Relationship to symptoms......Page 97
Relationship to the disorder......Page 98
Relationship to symptoms......Page 99
Relationship to the disorder......Page 101
Direct comparisons of sustained attention in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder......Page 104
Neuropsychological mechanisms of sustained attention impairment in psychosis......Page 106
Conclusion......Page 110
REFERENCES......Page 112
Historical background......Page 118
Gaps in classification......Page 119
The dilemma of schizoaffective disorder......Page 120
Nosological definition......Page 123
Validity of classification......Page 124
Family studies......Page 125
Genetic studies......Page 127
Incidence of schizoaffective disorder......Page 128
Symptomatology......Page 129
Cognitive functions......Page 130
Validity of diagnosis......Page 131
Outcome studies......Page 132
Impact of culture......Page 133
Traditional cultures and mental health......Page 136
Impact of culture on diagnosis......Page 138
Conclusion......Page 140
REFERENCES......Page 141
Competing views......Page 147
Historical and cross-sectional features......Page 148
Mood-congruence......Page 152
Historical and cross-sectional features: summary......Page 153
HPA-axis hyperactivity as a predictor......Page 154
REFERENCES......Page 156
Introduction......Page 159
Schizoaffective disorders compared with schizophrenia and affective disorders......Page 160
Prognostic indicators......Page 164
Conclusions......Page 165
REFERENCES......Page 166
Medical/organic factors......Page 170
Neuroleptic-induced akinesia or akathisia......Page 171
Schizoaffective depression......Page 172
Clinical symptomatology and illness course......Page 173
Experimental psychopathology......Page 176
Neurocognition......Page 180
(b) Functional imaging......Page 182
(c) Theoretical considerations......Page 183
Genetic findings......Page 185
Treatment approaches......Page 187
Summary and conclusion......Page 188
REFERENCES......Page 190
Introduction......Page 196
Methods......Page 199
Features of the acute episode......Page 202
Frequency and types of relapses......Page 204
The outcome of ATPD......Page 206
Long-term course – differences to schizophrenia......Page 208
The family history......Page 211
Discussion of the main findings......Page 213
Are ATPD psychogenic disorders?......Page 214
Are ATPD related to the affective (bipolar schizoaffective) spectrum?......Page 215
Conclusions......Page 216
REFERENCES......Page 217
Physical comorbidity in schizophrenia and affective spectrum disorders......Page 221
Cardiovascular disorders......Page 223
Dyslipidemia......Page 224
Obesity......Page 225
Glucose regulation......Page 227
Implications and conclusions......Page 230
REFERENCES......Page 232
Introduction......Page 238
Suicide in mood disorders......Page 239
Suicide in schizoaffective disorder......Page 240
Possible risk factors for suicide in the overlapping spectra......Page 243
Genetic findings of suicide in the overlapping spectra......Page 248
Other neurobiological findings......Page 249
Treatment issues of suicidal behavior in the overlapping spectra......Page 251
Future requirements......Page 255
REFERENCES......Page 256
Methods of review......Page 262
Diagnostic issues......Page 263
Lithium......Page 264
Antidepressants......Page 265
Anticonvulsants......Page 266
Lithium......Page 267
Anticonvulsants......Page 269
Antipsychotics......Page 270
Clinical recommendations......Page 271
Acute episodes......Page 272
REFERENCES......Page 273
Introduction......Page 278
The increasing acceptance of cognitive behavior therapy......Page 279
The basic elements of the cognitive model......Page 280
Using cognitive behavior therapy in schizophrenia and mood disorders......Page 281
Conclusions......Page 287
REFERENCES......Page 288
Historical context......Page 291
Modern formulations of the interface......Page 295
What is the origin of Type 1.2?......Page 298
REFERENCES......Page 301
Index......Page 307