The origin and transmission of the alphabet

Title page......Page 1
TABLE OF CONTENTS......Page 4
LIST OF TABLES......Page 7
TABLE  1: A COMPARISON BETWEEN THE  EGYPTIAN  HIEROGLYPH, CRETAN SCRIPT,  AND BYBLOS 6593......Page 37
TABLE 2: COMPARISON BETWEEN CRETAN SCRIPTS AND THE EGYPTIAN, CUNEIFORM, AND OLD PHOENICIAN SIGNS......Page 39
TABLE 3: COMPARISON BETWEEN THE CRETAN AND CYPRUS-MINOAN SCRIPT......Page 42
TABLE 4: VOWEL SIGNS IN THE CRETAN AND CYPRUS-MINOAN SCRIPTS......Page 45
TABLE 5: COMPARISON OF THE PH SCRIPT WITH THE EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH, PROTO-CANAANITE, AND PROTO-SINAITIC ALPHABETS......Page 49
TABLE 6: COMPARISON BETWEEN THE FIRST AND SECOND STEPS OF SIMPLIFICATION OF THE PH SCRIPT......Page 53
TABLE 7: COMPARISON OF TWO SCRIPTS FROM THE IBERIAN PENINSULA......Page 106
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS......Page 8
ABSTRACT......Page 10
Statement of the Problem......Page 13
Practical Importance of the Problem......Page 14
Ancient Writers......Page 15
Modern Writers Concerning the Origin of the Alphabet......Page 16
The Cuneiform Theory......Page 17
The Cretan Theory......Page 18
The Sinaitic Theory......Page 19
The Twelfth Dynasty Way of Writing Foreign Names Theory......Page 21
The Pseudo-Hieroglyph (PH) Theory......Page 22
1400 B.C.......Page 24
1200 B.C.......Page 25
1100 B.C.......Page 26
900 B.C.......Page 27
800 B.C.......Page 28
Ca. Eighth Century B.C.......Page 29
Limitation......Page 30
Sampling......Page 32
CHAPTER II: THE ORIGIN OF THE PROTO-CANAANITE ALPHABET......Page 34
The Pseudo-Hieroqivphic Script......Page 35
Cretan Script......Page 38
Cypriot Script......Page 40
Proto-Sinaitic Script (PC)......Page 41
Implications of These Writing Systems......Page 44
Origin of the Alphabet......Page 46
Conclusion......Page 60
Basic Rules for Patina Paleoaraphic Materials......Page 64
Chronological Analysis......Page 66
The First Group: Pseudo-Hieroglyph (PH) (ca. 2000-1800 B.C.)......Page 69
The Second Group: Proto-Canaanite (ca. 1700-1600 B.C.)......Page 71
The Third Group: Undefined Semitic Script (ca. 1500 B.C.)......Page 72
The Fourth Group: Cuneiform (ca. 1400 B.C.)......Page 73
The Sixth Group: Proto-Canaanite (ca. 1300 B.C.)......Page 74
The Seventh Group: Proto-Canaanite (ca. 1200-1100 B.C.)......Page 75
The Ninth Group: Phoenician (ca. Eleventh-Ninth Centuries  B.C.)......Page 78
The Eleventh Group: Phoenician (ca. 800-700 B.C.)......Page 79
The Twelfth Group: Archaic Greek, Anatolian, and Latin Alphabets (ca. 800-400 B.C.)......Page 80
Paleoaraohic Study......Page 81
Conclusion......Page 89
CHAPTER IV: TRANSMISSION OF THE ALPHABET......Page 92
Historical Situation of the Mediterranean in the Bronze Age......Page 94
The End of the Late Bronze Age......Page 98
Stages of Transmission......Page 101
First Stage......Page 102
Second Stage......Page 103
The Last Stage......Page 107
Conclusion......Page 108
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION......Page 110
APPENDIX......Page 113
PALEOGRAPHIC CHART......Page 115
BIBLIOGRAPHY......Page 127