The Opioid Crisis - A Reference Handbook

Cover
Half Title
Title
Copyright
Contents
Preface
1 BACKGROUND AND HISTORY
	The Opium Plant: An Introduction
	The History of Opium to 1800
		Egypt and Crete
		Greece and Rome
		The Middle Ages and the Muslim World
		The Far East
	Laudanum
	The Opium Wars
	Morphine and Beyond
		The Discovery and Commercialization of Morphine
		Heroin: The Wonder Drug
		Other Opiates
	The Criminalization of Opiates
	Controlled Substances Act of 1970
	Semisynthetic and Synthetic Opioids
	The Brain Chemistry of Opioids
	Conclusion
	References
2 PROBLEMS, CONTROVERSIES, AND SOLUTIONS
	Numbers Tell the Story
		Mortality and Morbidity
		Who Uses Opioids?
		Economic Costs
		The Innocent Bystanders
		An Underlying Theme
	The History of OxyContin
	A Flood of Opioids
	Regulating the Use of Opioids
		Guidelines
		Reactions to the Guidelines
		Legislation
			Federal
			State
			Multistate
	Prevention
		Education
			Health Care Workers
			Schools and Colleges
		Proper Medication Disposal
		Enforcement
			Pill Mill Laws
			Doctor Shopping Laws
	Treatment
		Alternative Forms of Treatment
	Conclusion
	References
3 PERSPECTIVES
	It's Not My Problem, or Is It?
	Education Fosters Prevention
	Epidemic in Asheville
	Confessions of an Opioid User
	Rationale for Cannabis-Based Interventions in the Opioid Overdose Crisis
	The U.S. Opioid Crisis—A Personal Perspective
	Citing History: The Need for Genuine Context
	I'm High as I Write This
	Opioid Drugs Provide Pain Relief but with Serious Risks
4 PROFILES
	Academy of Integrative Pain Management
	Advocates for Opioid Recovery
	Alliance for Safe Online Pharmacies
	American Society of Addiction Medicine
	Center for Lawful Access and Abuse Deterrence
	Coalition to Stop Opioid Overdose
	Thomas De Quincey (1785-1859)
	Drug Enforcement Administration
	Jack Fishman (1930-2013)
	Francis Β. Harrison (1873-1957)
	Heroin Epidemic Relief Organization
	Felix Hoffmann (1868—1946)
	Paul Janssen (1926-2003)
	The National Alliance of Advocates for Buprenorphine Treatment
	National Association of State Controlled Substances Authorities
	National Institute on Drug Abuse
	Office of National Drug Control Policy
	Pain Therapy Access Physicians Working Group
	Candace Pert (1946-2013)
	President's Commission on Combating Drug Addiction and the Opioid Crisis
	Friedrich Sertürner (1783-1841)
	Solomon H. Snyder (1938-)
	Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration
	Thomas Sydenham (1624-1689)
	Charles E. Terry (1878-1945)
	Hamilton Wright (1867-1917)
5 DATA AND DOCUMENTS
	Data
		Table 5.1. Misuse of Opioids in Past Year and Past Month among Persons Aged 12 or Older, by Detailed Age Category: Numbers in Thousands and Percentages, 2015 and 2016
		Table 5.2. Any Use of Pain Relievers in Past Year and Misuse of Pain Relievers in Past Year and Past Month among Persons Aged 12 or Older, by Detailed Age Category: Numbers in Thousands and Percentages, 2015 and 2016
		Table 5.3. Drug-Poisoning Deaths Involving Opioid Analgesics: United States, 1999-2015
		Table 5.4. Deaths from Opioid Overdose, 2015
		Table 5.5. Death Rates from Heroin and Opioid Analgesic Poisoning, 2000-2015
		Table 5.6. Drug Overdose Deaths among Adolescents Aged 15-19, by Type of Opioid Drug Involved in the United States: 1999-2015 (per 100,000)
		Table 5.7. Opioid Use in Schools
		Table 5.8. Perceived Availability of Narcotics Other Than Heroin, 1991-2016, Grades 8, 10, and 12
	Documents
		Smoking Opium Exclusion Act of 1909
		Harrison Narcotic Act (1914)
		United States v. Jin Fuey Moy (1916)
		United States v. Doremus (1919)
		Webb v. United States (1919)
		Controlled Substances Act (1970)
		Children's Health Act of 2000
		Opioid Use among Veterans (2013)
		An Act to Prevent Opiate Abuse by Strengthening the Controlled Substances Prescription Monitoring Program (2016)
		An Act Concerning Involuntary Commitment to Treatment for Substance Use Disorders (2016)
		Remarks by President Trump on Combating Drug Demand and the Opioid Crisis (2017)
		The President's Commission on Combating Drug Addiction and the Opioid Crisis (2017)
6 RESOURCES
	Books
	Articles
	Reports
	Internet
7 CHRONOLOGY
Glossary
Index
About the Author