The Mouse in Animal Genetics And Breeding Research

TABLE OF CONTENTS......Page 8
PREFACE......Page 10
1. Introduction......Page 12
3. The Birth of Mouse Genetics......Page 14
4. Conclusions......Page 16
References......Page 17
1. Introduction......Page 20
2. Predicted and Realized Heritabilities......Page 21
3. Predicted and Realized Genetic Correlations......Page 24
4. Variation Among Replicates......Page 26
5. Response to Index Selection......Page 27
6. Individual Selection Compared to Other Methods......Page 29
7. Long-term Responses and Selection Limits......Page 30
8. Testing Validity of the Infinitesimal Model......Page 33
9. Conclusions......Page 34
References......Page 35
1. Introduction......Page 40
2. Temporal Aspects of Maternal Effects......Page 43
3. Effects of Maternal Age......Page 44
5. Prenatal Maternal Effects......Page 45
5.1. Effects of Litter Attributes......Page 46
5.2. Effects of Prenatal Toxin Exposure......Page 47
6.1. Effect of Lactation......Page 48
7. Maternal Effects and Role in Selection......Page 49
8. Maternal Effects and Familial Relationships......Page 52
10. Maternal Effects and Interactions with Other Epigenetic Phenomena......Page 53
10.1. Maternal Effects and Its Effect on Genomic Imprinting......Page 54
11. Evolution of Maternal Effects and Genomic Imprinting......Page 55
12. Conclusion......Page 56
References......Page 57
1.1. Definition of Inbreeding......Page 68
1.2. History of Inbreeding......Page 70
1.3. Advantages of Inbreeding......Page 71
2.1. General Inbreeding Procedure......Page 72
2.2. Inbreeding of Wild–Derived Mice......Page 73
3.1. Genetic Diversity......Page 75
3.2. Phenotypic Diversity......Page 76
4.1. Substrains of Inbred Strains......Page 77
4.2. Coisogenic Strains......Page 79
4.3. Balancer Chromosome Strains......Page 81
5.1. Crossbreds......Page 82
5.3. Fine Mapping Populations......Page 83
6.1. Congenic Strains......Page 85
6.2. Recombinant Congenic Strains......Page 86
6.4. Chromosome Substitution Strains......Page 87
7. Future Prospects for Inbreeding and Crossbreeding......Page 89
References......Page 90
1. Introduction......Page 96
2. Genotypes, Environments and Genotype by Environment Interaction Defined......Page 97
3.1. Analysis of Variance......Page 98
3.2. Genetic Correlation......Page 99
3.3. Reaction Norm......Page 100
4.1. Laboratory Environment and Handling......Page 102
4.2. Thermal Environment......Page 104
4.4. Nutrition......Page 106
4.5. Toxins and Drugs......Page 108
5.1. Sex......Page 109
5.2. Age......Page 110
5.3. Physiological State......Page 111
6. Mating System by Environment Interactions......Page 112
6.1. Inbreeding Depression and the Environment......Page 113
6.2. Response of Inbred versus Outbred Individuals to the Environment......Page 115
6.3. Impact of the Environment on Heterosis......Page 116
7. The Environment for Selection......Page 117
8. Conclusions......Page 120
References......Page 121
2. Mouse Growth Pattern......Page 124
3. Physiology of Growth......Page 126
4. Longitudinal Study of Growth......Page 128
5. Quantitative Genetics of Growth......Page 130
6. Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) Affecting Growth......Page 134
7. Spontaneous Mutants and Transgenic Models......Page 136
References......Page 137
1.1. Obesity in Humans......Page 142
1.3. Relationships Between Body Composition and Metabolic Rate......Page 143
1.4. Body Weight and Body Composition in Normal Mice......Page 144
2. Measurement of Body Composition and Metabolic Rate in Mice......Page 145
3.1. Effects of Single Gene Mutations on Fatness......Page 148
3.2. Candidate Gene Approaches......Page 149
3.3. QTL for Fatness......Page 150
3.4. Polygenie Inheritance of Fatness......Page 151
3.5. Correlated Effects of Growth Selection on Fatness......Page 153
3.6. Importance of Fat Distribution......Page 155
4. Genetic Basis of Metabolic Rate......Page 160
5. Conclusions......Page 162
References......Page 163
1. Introduction......Page 172
2. Direct Selection for Larger Litter Size......Page 173
3. Direct Selection for Smaller Litter Size......Page 175
4. Selection for Components of Litter Size......Page 176
5. Selection for Testes Mass......Page 177
8. Limits Observed in Selection for Litter Size......Page 178
9. Elaboration on Responses in the Nebraska Selection......Page 179
10. Modeling Litter Size......Page 180
12. Heterosis in Line Crosses......Page 182
13. Inbreeding Depression......Page 183
15. Conclusions......Page 184
References......Page 185
1. Introduction......Page 188
2. WebQTL and Behavioral Phenotypes......Page 190
3. Inbred Strains and Behavior......Page 193
4. Genes and Phenotypic Complexity......Page 195
5. QTL Analysis and Behavior — The Problem......Page 197
6. QTL Analysis and Behavior — Some Solutions......Page 200
7. Conclusions......Page 207
References......Page 208
1. Introduction......Page 216
2. Utility of Mouse Models......Page 218
3. The Genetics of Resistance to Pathogens......Page 219
3.1. The Major Histocompatibility Complex Affects Resistance to Microbes......Page 220
3.2. Host Resistance to Parasitic Infection......Page 223
3.3. The Genetics of Prion Disease Susceptibility......Page 225
4.1. Common Features of Autoimmunity and Allergy......Page 232
4.2. The Genetics of Autoimmunity......Page 233
4.3. Genetic Susceptibility to Allergy and Asthma......Page 235
References......Page 238
1. Introduction......Page 248
2. Significance......Page 250
3. Background......Page 251
4. Quantitative Genomics: A New Experimental Paradigm for Analysis of Complex Trait Genetics......Page 253
5. Expected Outcomes from the Transcriptome Mapping Paradigm......Page 255
6. Future Directions for Transcriptome Mapping......Page 259
7. Statistical Issues in Transcriptome Mapping......Page 260
8. Implementation of Transcriptome Mapping to Study Obesity......Page 262
9. Limitations of Transcriptome Mapping......Page 264
Acknowledgments......Page 266
References......Page 267
2. ENU Mutagenesis: History......Page 274
3.1. Treatment Protocols......Page 279
3.2. Husbandry......Page 280
3.4. Heritability Testing......Page 281
3.5. Locus Mapping......Page 282
3.6. Mutation Identification......Page 283
4. Alternative Mutagenesis Techniques......Page 284
5. Genotype-Driven Mutagenesis......Page 285
6. Conclusions......Page 286
References......Page 287
1. Introduction......Page 292
2.1. Superovulation and Generation of Ova......Page 294
2.2. Embryo Culture, IVF and Zona Disruption......Page 295
2.3. Chimera Development......Page 297
2.4. Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI)......Page 299
2.5. Embryo Transfer......Page 300
3.1. Nuclear Transfer (NT)......Page 301
3.3. Retrovirus-Mediated Gene Transfer......Page 303
3.4. ES Cell Transfer......Page 304
3.7. Mitochondrial Transfer into Preimplantation Ova......Page 305
3.8. Embryo Cryopreservation......Page 306
4. Future of Embryo Biotechnologies......Page 307
References......Page 308
1. Introduction......Page 318
2. Genetic Engineering Methods......Page 320
2.1. Pronuclear Microinjection......Page 321
2.2. Viral Vectors......Page 322
3. Homologous Recombination or “Knockouts”......Page 323
4. Strain Considerations......Page 324
6. Conclusions......Page 325
References......Page 326
1. Introduction......Page 330
2. Tissue Transplantation......Page 331
3. Immunology......Page 332
4. Tumor Biology......Page 334
5. Cardiovascular Biology......Page 336
6. Birth Defects......Page 340
7. Infectious Diseases......Page 341
8. Neurological Diseases......Page 343
9. Conclusions......Page 344
References......Page 345
1. Introduction......Page 352
2. Genome Sequencing and Assembly: An Evolving Process......Page 353
3. Designing the Mouse Project......Page 355
4. Sequencing and Assembling the Mouse Genome......Page 357
5. The Mouse Project Legacy......Page 359
References......Page 360
Index......Page 364