The Modern History of Iraq

Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
List of Illustrations
Preface
A Note on Transliteration
1. The Land and People of Modern Iraq
	Legacy of the Past
	The Land
	The People
2. The British Mandate, 1920–1932
	The British Occupation and the Institutions of the Indian School
	The 1920 Revolt and Its Results
	The Kurdish Problem
	Oil and the Slow Pace of Development
	The Nationalist Movement: Composition and Outlook
	The 1930 Treaty and the End of the Mandate
3. The Erosion of the British Legacy, 1932–1945
	An Era of Communal and Tribal Rebellion, 1932–1936
	The Bakr Sidqi Coup, 1936
	Attempts to Liberalize and Their Failure
	The Army in Politics, 1937–1941
	The 1941 Coup
	The Second British Occupation and Its Legacy, 1941–1945
4. The End of the Monarchy, 1946–1958
	Further Attempts at Liberalization
	The 1948 Wathba and the War in Palestine
	Oil and Economic Development
	The Uprising of 1952
	The Accession of Faisal II
	Opposition and the Establishment
	The Hashimite Monarchy in Retrospect
5. The Qasim Era, 1958–1963
	The Military Revolt of 1958
	The Struggle for Power Between Qasim and Arif
	The Challenge of the Nationalists
	The Challenge of the Communists
	Liberalization Attempts and Their Failure
	The Social and Economic Revolution
	Erosion of National Unity
	Foreign Policy Failures
	The Qasim Regime in the Balance
6. The Arab Nationalists in Power, 1963–1968
	The Iraqi Ba‘th in 1963
	Ba‘th Failures
	The Arif Regime, 1963–1968
	The Coup of 17 July 1968
	The Revolutionary Decade, Assessed
7. The Era of Ba‘th Party Rule, 1968–1979
	Consolidation of Power, 1968–1973
	Ba‘th Foreign Policy: The Radical Phase, 1969–1973
	The One-Party State
	Relations with the Kurds
	The Nationalization of Oil
	Socialist Economic Development
	The Social Transformation
	Iraq’s Foreign Policy: The Pragmatic Phase, 1975–1980
	Iraq’s New Ideological Stand
	Opposition to the Regime
	The Impact of the Iranian Revolution
	The Ba‘th: The End of Its First Decade
8. The Saddam Husain Regime, 1979–1989
	Saddam as President
	The Outbreak of War with Iran
	The Course of the War
	The War’s Impact on Foreign Policy
	The War’s Impact on National Cohesion
	Economic and Social Effects of the War
	The War’s Effect on Politics and the Military
	The Aftermath of the War
	Saddam’s First Decade
9. The Saddam Husain Regime, 1990–2003
	The Occupation of Kuwait: Causes and Motivations
	Iraq’s Invasion of Kuwait and Its Impact
	The Gulf War, 17 January–28 February 1991
	The Intifada of March 1991
	Regime Survival and Reorganization
	The Imposition of Foreign Control
	Regime Consolidation and Its Limits
	Changes in Regime Ideology
	The Kurds in the North
	The Shi‘a in the South
	Opposition from Abroad
	A Decade of Stagnation
10. The US Attempt at Nation- Building in Iraq, 2003–2006
	Occupation of Iraq
	Bremer and the CPA: Direct Rule and an Attempt at Nation-Building
	Opposition to the Occupation
	The 15 November Agreement: Changes in US Plans
	The IIG of Ayad Allawi, June 2004–May 2005
	The Elections of 2005: The Emergence of the “New” Iraq
	The Sectarian Civil War in Baghdad, 2006–2007
11. The Stabilization and Destabilization of Iraq Under Maliki, 2007–2014
	The Subsiding of the 2006 Civil War
	Kurdish Political and Economic Development
	Maliki’s Consolidation of Power, 2007–2009
	Relations with the United States: The Status of Forces Agreement
	The Local and Regional Elections of 2009
	Maliki and the National Scene in Baghdad
	The Parties and Contenders of the 2010 Election
	The 2010 Election: Results and Aftermath
	Maliki’s Second Term: 2010–2014
	The 2014 Elections and the Post-Election Stalemate
12. Iraq and the Challenge of the Islamic State, 2014–2016
	The Abbadi Government
	The Islamic State’s Conquest
	The Birth and Consolidation of the Islamic State
	The Counteroffensive Against the Islamic State
	Transnational Terrorism
	Abbadi’s Attempts to Reform
	The Future of a Post-Islamic State Iraq
13. Economic, Social, and Cultural Change in Post-2003 Iraq
	Development of the Oil Sector
	Economic Development
	Demographic Change
	Intellectual and Cultural Change
	Assessing Iraq’s Economic, Social, and Cultural Changes
Epilogue: The Future of Iraq
Appendix: Tables
Notes
Glossary
Political Personalities
Bibliography
Index