The Mobilization of Political Islam in Turkey

Half-title......Page 3
Dedication......Page 4
Title......Page 5
Copyright......Page 6
Contents......Page 7
List of Tables......Page 9
List of Diagrams, Charts, and Boxes......Page 11
List of Acronyms......Page 13
Acknowledgments......Page 15
Preface......Page 19
1 Introduction......Page 21
THEORETICAL APPROACHES TO ISLAMIST MOBILIZATION......Page 24
THE SOCIAL MOVEMENT LITERATURE......Page 29
THE POLITICAL PROCESS MODEL......Page 32
ISLAM IN THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE......Page 57
OTTOMANISM, ISLAMISM, AND TURKISM......Page 59
THE TURKISH REVOLUTION......Page 61
AN OVERVIEW OF TURKISH POLITICS (1946–1960)......Page 68
FROM THE LIBERAL 1961 CONSTITUTION TO THE 1971 MILITARY INTERVENTION......Page 79
THE 1980 MILITARY INTERVENTION AND ITS AFTERMATH......Page 96
CONCLUSION......Page 104
TURKEY ON THE BRINK OF CIVIL WAR......Page 105
TURKEY UNDER MILITARY RULE (1980–1983): THE MILITARY AND THE ISLAMISTS......Page 108
ADOPTION OF THE TURKISH-ISLAMIC SYNTHESIS......Page 113
Introduction of Mandatory religious Education in Public Schools......Page 122
The National Culture Report......Page 125
The Flow of Saudi Capital into Turkey......Page 131
TURKEY UNDER MOTHERLAND PARTY RULE (1983–1991)......Page 138
Rise of the İmam-Hatip Schools, Quran Courses, and Mosques......Page 143
Continuation of the Flow of Saudi Capital into Turkey......Page 149
CONCLUSION......Page 155
4 The Malfunctioning State and Consolidation of the Islamist Social Movement......Page 156
ORIGINS OF THE MALFUNCTIONING STATE......Page 157
FRAMING THE POLITICAL OPPORTUNITY STRUCTURE: THE WELFARE PARTY AND THE JUST ORDER (ADIL DÜZEN)......Page 164
The Welfare Party’s Political Rhetoric in the 1980s......Page 165
The Welfare Party Frames the Just Order as Its Political Rhetoric in the 1990s......Page 168
THE WELFARE PARTY BECOMES A PARTY OF THE MASSES......Page 174
MUNICIPAL GOVERNANCE AS POLITICAL OPPORTUNITY STRUCTURE......Page 184
CONCLUSION......Page 201
5 Organizational Dynamics of the Islamist Social Movement......Page 202
ISLAMIST PARTY ORGANIZATIONAL NETWORKS: THE WELFARE PARTY AND VIRTUE PARTY......Page 203
PARTY MOBILIZATIONAL EFFORTS......Page 209
THE EMERGENCE OF “REFORMISTS”......Page 218
THE PARALLEL ISLAMIC SECTOR......Page 220
The MÜSİAD......Page 221
Islamic Organizations in Europe and the Islamist Movement in Turkey......Page 226
Islamist Intellectuals......Page 229
CONCLUSION......Page 233
6 The Soft Intervention of 1997 and the Islamist Social Movement......Page 234
THE WELFARE PARTY COMES TO POWER......Page 235
THE “SOFT” INTERVENTION OF 1997 AND THE END OF THE  WELFARE PARTY......Page 240
THE VIRTUE PARTY......Page 254
AFTER “VIRTUE”: JUSTICE AND DEVELOPMENT......Page 263
THE JUSTICE AND DEVELOPMENT PARTY TESTS THE LIMITS......Page 268
THE JULY 2007 GENERAL ELECTIONS......Page 274
THE JUSTICE AND DEVELOPMENT PARTY MOBILIZES AGAINST THE SECULAR-DEMOCRATIC STATE......Page 281
CONCLUSION......Page 295
7 The Islamist Social Movement Today and Prospects for the Future......Page 296
Works in English......Page 305
Works in Turkish......Page 314
Primary Documents......Page 319
Index......Page 323