The Middle East in Turmoil

CONTENTS......Page 6
PREFACE......Page 8
SUMMARY......Page 16
ENDNOTES – SUMMARY......Page 20
INTRODUCTION......Page 21
CURRENT CONTEXT......Page 23
HAMAS ROOTS IN SHORT......Page 24
SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATIONS......Page 31
BACKGROUND......Page 33
POSTPONEMENT OF MILITANT ISLAMISM?......Page 36
ISLAMIC JIHAD......Page 37
HAMAS’ GROWTH......Page 38
POINTS OF DOCTRINE......Page 40
RELATIONS WITH THE PLO-FATAH AND THE PEACE PROCESSES......Page 43
OSLO......Page 44
REVOLUTIONARY RESISTANCE VS. OVERWHELMING FORCE (MEANS)......Page 45
ENDS......Page 46
TWO STATES......Page 49
MISTAKES......Page 50
HAMAS AND ARAB POLITICAL CURRENTS......Page 51
HAMAS’ TROUBLES WITH JORDAN......Page 52
HAMAS IN SYRIA......Page 53
PRACTICING RELIGION......Page 54
POLITICAL AND MILITARY STRUCTURE......Page 55
ZAKAT AND COMMUNITY......Page 57
HAMAS’ THREAT VALUE......Page 58
HAMAS, THE WEST, AND THE UNITED STATES......Page 59
RECOMMENDATIONS......Page 60
REFERENCES......Page 63
ENDNOTES......Page 72
SUMMARY......Page 82
Overview of the Conflict......Page 84
Major Developments — Military, Diplomatic, and Humanitarian8......Page 88
The Conflict’s Origins......Page 89
Can Israel Achieve Its Goals?19......Page 93
Background of Hamas in the Gaza Strip......Page 94
The Cease-Fire and Its End......Page 95
Impact on Palestinian Civilians......Page 96
INTERNATIONAL RESPONSE34......Page 98
International Community......Page 99
Middle East......Page 101
Effect on the Arab-Israeli Peace Process......Page 102
Mounting Pressure on Egypt54......Page 104
Impact of Conflict on Israeli Election59......Page 105
The Incoming Obama Administration......Page 107
Possible Options for the Incoming IIIth Congress......Page 109
Conundrums......Page 115
Ways of Reaching and Sustaining a Truce......Page 117
ENDNOTES......Page 119
SUMMARY......Page 128
A Multi-Dimensional Conflict1......Page 129
The ―Root Causes‖ of the Conflict......Page 130
U.N. Security Council Resolution 17015......Page 132
Unresolved Issues......Page 134
Aftermath Assessing Hezbollah17......Page 139
Debate within Israel20......Page 140
The Race to Rebuild Lebanon......Page 143
The War’s Impact on Lebanese Internal Politics......Page 145
U.S. Foreign Assistance to the Middle East31......Page 147
Humanitarian Issues38......Page 149
U.S. Efforts and Other Efforts to Combat Hezbollah......Page 152
Islam, Al Qaeda, and the Global War on Terrorism67......Page 154
CONCLUSION......Page 155
Palestinian Elections and the Hamas-led PA Government77......Page 158
The Isolation of Hamas and Internecine Palestinian Violence......Page 159
Israeli-Palestinian Fighting84......Page 160
Enter Hezbollah......Page 162
APPENDIX B: CHRONOLOGY OF CONFLICT ON THE ISRAELI-LEBANESE-SYRIAN BORDER......Page 163
Congressional Oversight......Page 164
Evacuation Costs for U.S. Citizens......Page 166
APPENDIX D: U.S. SANCTIONS97......Page 168
ENDNOTES......Page 170
INDEX......Page 180