The Meaning And Measurement Of Social Support

Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
Contributors
Preface
1.
The Many Meanings of Social Support
	The Changing Meaning of Social Support
	Divergent Strands of Empirical Research
	The Need for Conceptual Clarification
	Social Support as an Individual Versus a Social Characteristic
	The Present Volume
	References
I:
Support and Network Concepts in Context
	2.
Benefits Produced by Supportive Social Relationships
		The Evolutionary and Historical Basis of Relationships
		Marriage
		Friendship
		Work Relationships
		Individual Differences in Access to Social Support
		Practical Applications
		References
	3. Network Structures and Support Functions–Theoretical
and Empirical Analyses
		Conceptual Analyses
		Methodological Analyses
		Theoretical Analyses
		Empirical Associations
		Conclusion
		References
	4.
Social Support Functions and Network Structures: A Supplemental View
		The Relationship Between Network Structures and Perceived Support
		Networks, Support, and Health Outcomes
		Conclusion
		References
II:
Support and Health: The Evidence
	5.
Possible Impact of Social Ties and Support on Morbidity and Mortality
		Empirical Research on Social Relationships
		Meta-Analysis: Method, Data Base, and Overall Results
		Mortality and Social Integration
		Morbidity and Social Integration or Social Support
		Conclusion
		References
	6.
Social Support and Depression
		Social Support and Depression
		The Evidence
		Interpretation
		Conclusion
		References
	7.
Social Support, Depression, and Other Mental Disorders: In Retrospect and Toward Future Prospects
		Social Support and General Psychological Functioning in Retrospect
		Social Support and Specific Psychological States: Future Prospects
		Conclusion
		References
III:
Models of the Support Process
	8.
Stress, Social Support, and Disorder
		Support Concepts
		The Transactional Model of Stress
		Social Networks, Stress, and Disorder
		Perceived
Social Support and the Stress-Buffering Models
		Support Behaviors
		Conclusion
		References
	9.
Conservation of Social Resources and the Self
		Conservation of Resources: A Motivational Theory
		Corollaries Following from COR Theory
		Conservation of Resources and Social Support
		Resource Evaluation
		Applications of the COR-Evaluation
		Resources and Social Support: Other Approaches
		Applications of COR to Social Support Intervention
		Conclusion
		References
	10.
Three Contexts of Social Support
		Research on Social Support
		A Triadic Hypothesis
		Research Based on the Triadic Hypothesis
		Conclusion
		References
IV: Nonsupport
	11.
Detrimental Aspects of Social Relationships: Taking Stock of an Emerging Literature
		Previous Research on Negative Social Exchanges
		Parallels in the Study of Supportive Social Exchanges and Problematic
Social Exchanges
		Studying the Joint Effects of Social Support and Social Strain
		Conclusion
		References
	12.
Some Reflections on the Process of Social Support and Nature of Unsupportive Behaviors
		Social Support and Clinical Depression: A Theoretical Model
		The Nature of Supportive and Unsupportive Behaviors
		Depression and the Nature of Unsupportive Behaviors
		Conclusion
		References
V:
Assessment and Analysis
	13.
Assessment of Social Support
		The Scope of Social Support
		Goals of Assessment
		Overview of Measures
		Conclusion
		References
	14.
Measuring Social Support: Issues of Concept and Method
		Introduction
		The Revised Kaplan Scale
		The Provisions of Social Relations (PSR) Scale
		Perceived Social Support and Mental Health: The Issue of Operational
Confounding
		References
		Appendix A: The Revised Kaplan Scale
		Appendix B: The Provisions of Social Relations (PSR) Scale
	15.
Social Support: An Investigator-Based Approach
		The Respondent-Based Approach to Measurement
		The Investigator-Based Approach to Measurement
		Three Studies
		The Islington Longitudinal Study of Depression
		Conclusion
		Moving Beyond Onset of Depression
		References
	16.
Perceived Support and Adjustment to Stress: Methodological Considerations
		Background
		Perceived Support as a Determinant of Adjustment
		Received Support as a Determinant of Adjustment
		Perceived Support as a Soyruiys Correlate of Adjustment
		Conclusion
		References
	17.
Some Cautionary Notes on Buffer Effects
		Aggregate Versus Specific Measures
		Additive Versus Multiplicative Effects
		Nonlinear Associations and Ceiling and Floor Effects
in Linear Regression
		Mobilization and Suppression of Support
		Threshold Effects
		Dichotomization of Independent Variables
		Conclusion
		References
VI:
Support Interventions
	18.
Quandaries in Translating Support Concepts to Intervention
		Characteristics of Support Interventions
		Translating Support Concepts to Intervention
		Implications for the Implementation Stage of Support Programs
		Contextual Determinants of the Type, Dosage, and Outcomes of Support
Interventions
		Conclusion
		References
VII:
Conclusion
	19.
Comments on Concepts and Methods
		Social Psychology, Social Constructs, and Social Support
		Perceptions and Evaluations Versus Structures and Behaviors
		Units of Analysis
		The Dimensionality of Stress and Support
		Assessment Strategies
		Defining Social Support
		References
Subject Index