The Liturgy in Medieval England: A History

Half-title......Page 3
Title......Page 5
Copyright......Page 6
Dedication......Page 7
Contents......Page 9
Preface......Page 15
Religious orders/institutes......Page 20
Basic reference tools, journals, and source collections.......Page 22
Editions of liturgical texts......Page 25
Nicknames for manuscripts frequently referred to......Page 28
1	Introduction......Page 31
Some principles concerning evidence......Page 33
What the reader is presumed to know......Page 35
“Historiography\": the previous study of the subject......Page 38
England and the Continent in medieval liturgy......Page 42
Two areas further excluded......Page 44
The excursuses......Page 45
Chronological sequence and the shape of this book......Page 46
Manuscripts and catalogues......Page 50
Medieval English church buildings......Page 56
Canonical materials for medieval England......Page 57
2	Early Anglo-Saxon England: a partly traceable story......Page 60
Some historiography, c. 1643–c. 1900......Page 61
Before 597......Page 62
The Augustinian mission......Page 66
Gospel-lectionary evidence from the age of Theodore......Page 68
Northumbrian sacramentary tradition......Page 71
The canons of \"Clofesho,\" 747......Page 75
York: archbishop Egbert......Page 77
York: Alcuin......Page 78
The monastic office......Page 81
Towards the ninth and tenth centuries......Page 83
Excursus: on the terms Gregorian and Gelasian as used here......Page 86
3	Later Anglo-Saxon: liturgy for England......Page 92
Liturgy in minster churches......Page 93
Prescriptions for secular clergy: Wulfstan and Ælfric......Page 96
Athelstan\'s books and the metrical calendar\n......Page 98
The Leofric missal: its first component (= \"A\")......Page 102
The second strand of the Leofric missal (= \"B\")......Page 105
The Regularis Concordia......Page 108
Æhelwold\'s benedictional......Page 111
Swithun, Æthelwold, and the Winchester tropers......Page 113
Ælfric\'s instructions for the monks at Eynsham; the influence of Amalarius......Page 115
From an Æthelwoldian house: the Missal of Robert of Jumieges\n......Page 118
Æhelnoth and the Christ Church, Canterbury benedictional......Page 121
The Red Book of Darley: extrapolation to a possibly secular context......Page 124
How widely was the secular office observed in late Anglo-Saxon England?......Page 126
Towards (inevitably) Lanfranc and the Anglo-Norman regime......Page 128
A note on gospel books......Page 129
4	The Norman Conquest: cross fertilizations......Page 131
The work of Lanfranc......Page 132
Lanfranc\'s Constitutions......Page 136
Dissemination of the Constitutions......Page 138
Winchester New Minster and its missal......Page 140
Glastonbury and the disaster of 1083......Page 142
St Augustine\'s, Canterbury......Page 143
Can Lanfranc\'s liturgy be inferred?......Page 148
Another possible strand of Anglo-Norman monastic tradition......Page 153
Wells(?): the Giso sacramentary......Page 154
Wulfstan of Worcester and his portiforium......Page 156
The liturgical program of Leofric at Exeter, 1050–72......Page 159
Leofrician books for the office: collectar and psalter......Page 162
Leofric missal \"C\"......Page 166
A further attempt at monastic uniformity?......Page 168
J.W.Legg’s 1897 “Notes”......Page 171
A practice case......Page 175
Legg’s provisional conclusions......Page 176
Our presumption of continuity......Page 177
Collation tables, concordances, and corpora\n......Page 179
Case study: the feast(s) of pope(s) Leo and the associated mass prayers......Page 183
5 Monastic liturgy, 1100–1215......Page 187
The St Albans sacramentary and its textual puzzles......Page 188
The two St Albans graduals and a processional......Page 195
Gestures towards shortening liturgy at St Albans......Page 199
Office liturgy at St Albans......Page 200
The daily office at Winchcombe......Page 203
The Sherborne cartulary......Page 206
Fragments of a Glastonbury collectar......Page 209
Durham\'s Lanfrancian echoes......Page 210
A Bury St Edmunds missal......Page 214
Towards a synthetic view: Ely and Gloucester as concluding instances......Page 216
Bury St Edmunds as test case......Page 222
6	Benedictine liturgy after 1215......Page 230
General Chapters and customaries......Page 231
The Norwich customary......Page 233
Bishop Salmon\'s visitation of Norwich, 1308......Page 237
Bishops of Worcester and the Benedictine houses in their diocese......Page 238
The Worcester antiphonal......Page 240
The Worcester cathedral sanctorale......Page 242
Tewkesbury\'s bifurcated missal......Page 245
Evesham and its several books......Page 247
Hyde abbey: its breviary and its miracles......Page 250
Office books at Coldingham/Durham, Ely, and Muchelney......Page 253
Westminster abbey and the Westminster (or Lytlington) missal......Page 257
Saints and abbots at Westminster......Page 260
The Westminster missal again: Legg\'s use of it......Page 264
The Sherborne missal......Page 266
Hagiographical peculiarities at Sherborne......Page 268
Mass at Sherborne......Page 270
Addendum: The \"Burnt Breviary\" of Christ Church, Canterbury......Page 272
Cluniacs......Page 273
Breviary-missals: priors\' books?......Page 274
Office and mass at Pontefract......Page 276
Other Cluniac books......Page 277
Cistercians......Page 278
The oldest English witnesses: four late twelfth-century missals......Page 281
“Native\" saints in English Cistercian liturgy......Page 284
Evidence for the office......Page 287
Two Cistercian booklists......Page 290
How uniform was English Cistercian liturgy?......Page 292
Carthusians......Page 294
Liturgy at the English Charterhouses......Page 295
Three detailed sources: the \"Questions,\" a collectar, and a mass ordinary......Page 296
Other service books owned by English Charterhouses......Page 298
Augustinian canons......Page 302
The problem of shadowy beginnings......Page 305
The Haughmond gradual......Page 307
The Oseney ordinal......Page 308
Corroboration from Wigmore and \"Hanley Castle\" books......Page 309
Augustinian processions and processionals......Page 311
A possibly unified Augustinian use?......Page 312
Mass texts for the August 28th feast......Page 313
Liturgy at Barnwell......Page 315
Lesnes: the evolution of a missal......Page 318
Guisborough: the fullest picture......Page 320
Towards an hypothesis, through the Kenilworth missal-manual......Page 323
Premonstratensian canons......Page 327
Booklist evidence......Page 328
Redman\'s visitations; the late fifteenth century......Page 331
Towards \"Englishness\"......Page 332
Gilbertine canons (and nuns)......Page 333
Gilbert of Sempringham and his communities......Page 334
An early-stratum book and its supplementing......Page 336
An attempt at standardization?......Page 337
Dominicans......Page 341
Before Humbert\'s reforms......Page 343
The Dominican office liturgy......Page 344
Dominican mass liturgy......Page 346
Reflexes in English society......Page 348
Franciscans......Page 350
Franciscan portable breviaries......Page 353
Two early missals......Page 354
Some local connections......Page 355
Carmelites......Page 357
Simon Stock and the earliest English Carmelites......Page 358
Regulating Carmelite worship: an early ordinal and Sibert\'s revision of 1312......Page 360
The later fourteenth century, I: the \"Reconstructed Carmelite Missal\"......Page 361
The later fourteenth century, II: the Cambridge(?) breviary......Page 363
Carmelite hagiography......Page 364
An improbable concluding figure: John Bale......Page 366
Austin friars......Page 367
Excursus: on liturgical books from female religious houses......Page 372
Surviving books from specific nunneries......Page 373
The liturgical books of Barking......Page 377
10	Old Sarum: the beginnings of Sarum Use......Page 380
Putative influences after the move......Page 381
Leofric missal \"C\" as a possible model......Page 382
The episcopates of Osmund, Roger, and Jocelin (1078–1184)......Page 383
The modern editions of the Sarum missal and gradual......Page 387
Inferences from the sanctorale: Leonard, Katherine, Wulfram, Aldhelm......Page 389
A highly tentative conclusion......Page 393
11	New Sarum and the spread of Sarum Use......Page 395
The work of Richard Poore......Page 396
The visitations of parish churches in 1220......Page 399
The \"Old Ordinal\" in Frere\'s Use of Sarum......Page 403
The spread of \"Sarum\" in the mid-thirteenth century......Page 407
“Sarum\" ordinal and \"Sarum\" ordinary for the mass......Page 408
A further Sarum saint: Cuthburga......Page 411
Steps towards a hesitant reconstruction......Page 414
Towards the wider spread of Sarum Use......Page 416
12	Exeter: the fullness of secular liturgy......Page 418
Leofric\'s successors and their legacies: the inventory of 1327......Page 419
An Exeter/Sarum missal (Exeter Cathedral MS 3510)......Page 422
The Crawford Sarum missal: an Exeter book?......Page 424
From Worcester to Exeter, perhaps by way of Wells......Page 425
Quinil\'s work of consolidation......Page 426
John de Grandisson and his ordinal......Page 428
The Legenda Exon......Page 432
Grandisson\'s legacy and Exeter tradition......Page 433
Exeter cathedral and the question of \"Use\"......Page 436
Ottery St Mary......Page 438
The passing of the Grandissonian moment......Page 440
Frere\'s Use of Sarum again......Page 442
Was there a single New Ordinal?......Page 444
F. H. Dickinson\'s edition of the printed Sarum missal(s)......Page 446
The lingua materna rubric......Page 449
Mass(es) in capitulo......Page 450
When is a missal a Sarum missal? (the case of BL Add. 25588)......Page 451
Festa synodalia......Page 453
Later Sarum breviaries......Page 454
Procter and Wordsworth\'s Breviarium ad usum Sarum......Page 455
A fifteenth-century attempt at clarification: Maidstone\'s Directorium......Page 457
The shape of later manuscript Sarum breviaries......Page 458
The Sarum Lenten litanies......Page 460
“Ubi dedicata est ecclesia in honore…\"......Page 463
Classification of feasts......Page 464
The Rubrica magna and its effect......Page 466
New saints\' feasts: legislation and implementation......Page 467
A concluding case study: Hippolytus......Page 472
York Use......Page 475
Early York calendars......Page 477
York statutes and York Use......Page 478
Witnesses to York Use in the fourteenth century......Page 480
York missals and Henderson\'s edition of them......Page 481
A York gradual in a village church......Page 482
Evidence from York breviaries......Page 484
The constitutive criteria for York Use......Page 486
The canon of the mass at York......Page 488
Towards glimmers about origins, through a vernacular source......Page 490
Hereford Use......Page 493
Modern awareness of Hereford Use......Page 496
Consuetudo Herefordensis in the thirteenth century......Page 498
Clearer light: the thirteenth-century breviary......Page 500
Fourteenth-century changes......Page 503
The distinctiveness of Hereford Use......Page 505
End of Hereford Use or end of the middle ages?......Page 508
London (St Paul\'s) \"Use\"......Page 510
Backwards, towards a possible twelfth-century ordinal?......Page 511
The St Paul\'s saints......Page 515
Episcopal tightening: Baldock and Braybrooke......Page 518
St Paul\'s Use and the churches of London......Page 521
What Clifford ended......Page 525
Usages at Lincoln and (faintly) Wells......Page 526
Lincoln origins......Page 528
The Lincoln consuetudinary and the (non-existent) ordinal......Page 529
The scanty service-book evidence for Lincoln \"Use\"......Page 532
Wells cathedral......Page 535
Liturgy in parish churches......Page 539
Booklists and visitation returns......Page 540
Books that parish clergy used: thirteenth and fourteenth centuries......Page 543
Fifteenth-century books less than sumptuous......Page 549
Books for the office in parish churches: Penwortham, Wollaton, Ranworth......Page 551
Less splendid (and more instructive?) service-book evidence......Page 556
Two fields largely unploughed......Page 557
The Bridgettines......Page 559
Bridgettine liturgical books......Page 560
Bridgettine liturgical bookishness......Page 566
Whitford\'s Martiloge (1526)......Page 567
The \"Englishness\" of the English Bridgettines......Page 568
The Nova festa and para-liturgical \"feasts\"......Page 569
Sanctoral luxuriance: Elizabeth Shelford\'s book of liturgical devotions......Page 572
The collectar-plus of Robert Miles, OP......Page 574
Printed service books......Page 575
Service books for Lady Margaret Beaufort......Page 579
Service books for the religious orders......Page 580
The end of the story......Page 582
Index of Manuscripts......Page 586
Index of Saints......Page 593
General Index......Page 602