The Linux Kernel Primer: A Top-Down Approach for x86 and PowerPC Architectures

Cover......Page 1
Contents......Page 6
Preface......Page 18
PART I: Files and Users......Page 34
 Chapter 1 Introduction......Page 36
  1.1 The Linux/Unix File Model......Page 37
  1.2 The Linux/Unix Process Model......Page 43
  1.3 Standard C vs. Original C......Page 45
  1.4 Why GNU Programs Are Better......Page 47
  1.5 Portability Revisited......Page 52
  1.6 Suggested Reading......Page 53
  1.7 Summary......Page 54
  Exercises......Page 55
 Chapter 2 Arguments, Options, and the Environment......Page 56
  2.1 Option and Argument Conventions......Page 57
  2.2 Basic Command-Line Processing......Page 61
  2.3 Option Parsing: getopt ( ) and getopt_long ( )......Page 63
  2.4 The Environment......Page 73
  2.5 Summary......Page 82
  Exercises......Page 83
 Chapter 3 User-Level Memory Management......Page 84
  3.1 Linux/Unix Address Space......Page 85
  3.2 Memory Allocation......Page 89
  3.3 Summary......Page 113
  Exercises......Page 114
 Chapter 4 Files and File I/O......Page 116
  4.2 Presenting a Basic Program Structure......Page 117
  4.3 Determining What Went Wrong......Page 119
  4.4 Doing Input and Output......Page 124
  4.5 Random Access: Moving Around within a File......Page 135
  4.6 Creating Files......Page 139
  4.7 Forcing Data to Disk......Page 146
  4.8 Setting File Length......Page 147
  Exercises......Page 148
 Chapter 5 Directories and File Metadata......Page 150
  5.1 Considering Directory Contents......Page 151
  5.2 Creating and Removing Directories......Page 163
  5.3 Reading Directories......Page 165
  5.4 Obtaining Information about Files......Page 172
  5.5 Changing Ownership, Permission, and Modification Times......Page 188
  5.6 Summary......Page 195
  Exercises......Page 196
 Chapter 6 General Library Interfaces—Part 1......Page 198
  6.1 Times and Dates......Page 199
  6.2 Sorting and Searching Functions......Page 214
  6.3 User and Group Names......Page 228
  6.4 Terminals: isatty()......Page 235
  6.6 Summary......Page 236
  Exercises......Page 238
 Chapter 7 Putting It All Together: ls......Page 240
  7.1 V7 ls Options......Page 241
  7.2 V7 ls Code......Page 242
  7.3 Summary......Page 258
  Exercises......Page 259
 Chapter 8 Filesystems and Directory Walks......Page 260
  8.1 Mounting and Unmounting Filesystems......Page 261
  8.2 Files for Filesystem Administration......Page 271
  8.3 Retrieving Per-Filesystem Information......Page 277
  8.4 Moving Around in the File Hierarchy......Page 289
  8.5 Walking a File Tree: GNU du......Page 302
  8.6 Changing the Root Directory: chroot ( )......Page 309
  8.7 Summary......Page 310
  Exercises......Page 311
PART II: Processes, IPC, and Internationalization......Page 314
 Chapter 9 Process Management and Pipes......Page 316
  9.1 Process Creation and Management......Page 317
  9.2 Process Groups......Page 345
  9.3 Basic Interprocess Communication: Pipes and FIFOs......Page 348
  9.4 File Descriptor Management......Page 353
  9.5 Example: Two-Way Pipes in gawk......Page 370
  9.6 Suggested Reading......Page 374
  9.7 Summary......Page 375
  Exercises......Page 377
 Chapter 10 Signals......Page 380
  10.2 Signal Actions......Page 381
  10.3 Standard C Signals: signal ( ) and raise ( )......Page 382
  10.4 Signal Handlers in Action......Page 386
  10.5 The System V Release 3 Signal APIs: sigset ( ) et al......Page 398
  10.6 POSIX Signals......Page 400
  10.7 Signals for Interprocess Communication......Page 412
  10.8 Important Special-Purpose Signals......Page 415
  10.9 Signals Across fork ( ) and exec ( )......Page 431
  10.10 Summary......Page 432
  Exercises......Page 434
 Chapter 11 Permissions and User and Group ID Numbers......Page 436
  11.1 Checking Permissions......Page 437
  11.2 Retrieving User and Group IDs......Page 440
  11.3 Checking As the Real User: access ( )......Page 443
  11.5 Setting Extra Permission Bits for Directories......Page 445
  11.6 Setting Real and Effective IDs......Page 448
  11.7 Working with All Three IDs: getresuid ( ) and setresuid ( ) (Linux)......Page 454
  11.8 Crossing a Security Minefield: Setuid root......Page 455
  11.9 Suggested Reading......Page 456
  11.10 Summary......Page 457
  Exercises......Page 459
 Chapter 12 General Library Interfaces—Part 2......Page 460
  12.1 Assertion Statements: assert ( )......Page 461
  12.2 Low-Level Memory: The memXXX ( ) Functions......Page 465
  12.3 Temporary Files......Page 469
  12.4 Committing Suicide: abort ( )......Page 478
  12.5 Nonlocal Gotos......Page 479
  12.6 Pseudorandom Numbers......Page 487
  12.7 Metacharacter Expansions......Page 494
  12.8 Regular Expressions......Page 504
  12.9 Suggested Reading......Page 513
  12.10 Summary......Page 514
  Exercises......Page 515
 Chapter 13 Internationalization and Localization......Page 518
  13.1 Introduction......Page 519
  13.2 Locales and the C Library......Page 520
  13.3 Dynamic Translation of Program Messages......Page 540
  13.4 Can You Spell That for Me, Please?......Page 554
  13.6 Summary......Page 559
  Exercises......Page 560
 Chapter 14 Extended Interfaces......Page 562
  14.1 Allocating Aligned Memory: posix_memalign ( ) and memalign ( )......Page 563
  14.2 Locking Files......Page 564
  14.3 More Precise Times......Page 576
  14.4 Advanced Searching with Binary Trees......Page 584
  14.5 Summary......Page 595
  Exercises......Page 596
PART III: Debugging and Final Project......Page 598
 Chapter 15 Debugging......Page 600
  15.1 First Things First......Page 601
  15.2 Compilation for Debugging......Page 602
  15.3 GDB Basics......Page 603
  15.4 Programming for Debugging......Page 610
  15.5 Debugging Tools......Page 638
  15.6 Software Testing......Page 665
  15.7 Debugging Rules......Page 666
  15.8 Suggested Reading......Page 670
  15.9 Summary......Page 671
  Exercises......Page 672
 Chapter 16 A Project That Ties Everything Together......Page 674
  16.1 Project Description......Page 675
  16.2 Suggested Reading......Page 677
PART IV: Appendixes......Page 680
 Appendix A: Teach Yourself Programming in Ten Years......Page 682
 Appendix B: Caldera Ancient UNIX License......Page 688
 Appendix C: GNU General Public License......Page 690
 A......Page 700
 B......Page 701
 C......Page 702
 D......Page 703
 E......Page 704
 F......Page 705
 G......Page 706
 I......Page 708
 L......Page 709
 M......Page 710
 O......Page 711
 P......Page 712
 R......Page 714
 S......Page 715
 T......Page 717
 U......Page 718
 Z......Page 720