The Limits of Family Influence: Genes, Experience, and Behavior

FRONT COVER......Page 1
TITLE PAGE......Page 4
COPYRIGHT......Page 5
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS......Page 6
CONTENTS......Page 8
INTRODUCTION......Page 10
The Nature-Nurture Debate......Page 11
Problems with Socialization Science......Page 12
References......Page 15
1. THE PRIMACY OF CHILD REARING IN SOCIALIZATION THEORY......Page 16
Parental Treatment Effects in Socialization Theories......Page 17
Freudian Theory......Page 18
Early Behaviorism......Page 19
Social Learning Theory......Page 21
Family Primacy?......Page 22
Research on Rearing and Child Outcomes in Biological Two-Parent Families......Page 23
Research on Authoritarianism......Page 26
Limitations of Socialization Studies......Page 28
Where Does Environmental Influence Start and Stop?......Page 31
Note......Page 35
References......Page 36
Variability......Page 38
Shared Environmental Variation......Page 41
Genetic Variability......Page 43
Separated-Twins Design......Page 46
Nontwin Adoption Designs......Page 49
Classical Twin Designs......Page 51
Model-Fitting Designs......Page 57
Molecular Genetics and Behavior Genetic Designs......Page 58
Environments and Behavior......Page 61
Notes......Page 63
References......Page 64
Personality Traits and Their Identification......Page 66
Behavior Genetic Studies of Personality Traits......Page 71
Schizophrenia......Page 83
Mood Disorders......Page 87
Externalizing Disorders......Page 89
Internalizing Disorders......Page 91
Behavior Genetic Studies of Social Attitudes......Page 92
Behavior Genetic Research on Religious Affiliation......Page 98
Niche Picking......Page 99
References......Page 102
General Intelligence: Definitions and Controversies......Page 106
Explanations for Intellectual Growth......Page 110
Behavior Genetic Studies of Rearing Environments and IQ......Page 114
Studies of IQ, Speed, and Capacity......Page 123
Preliminary Research on Physiology and IQ......Page 128
Genes and IQ: Possibilities for Future Research......Page 131
A Model of Intelligence......Page 132
Notes......Page 136
References......Page 137
5. UNITING NATURE AND NURTURE: THE GENETICS OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEASURES......Page 141
Changes in Explanations for Class and Racial Differences......Page 142
Genetic Influence on Social Class Va riation: Jencks\'s Model and an Alternative......Page 145
Behavior Genetic Studies of Social Status......Page 149
The Confusion of Cause and Effect......Page 154
A Case Example: Asian Refugees......Page 155
The Genetics of Child-Rearing Styles......Page 157
Parental Divorce......Page 162
Differential Treatment within Families......Page 164
Finding the Thresholds......Page 170
Notes......Page 172
References......Page 173
6. GENDER DIFFERENCES......Page 177
Studies of Sex-Linked Personality Traits......Page 178
Studies of Differential Treatments......Page 180
The Biological Basis of Sex Differences......Page 183
Animal Studies......Page 184
Human Studies......Page 185
The Evolutionary Perspective......Page 188
Sexual Selection Theory......Page 189
Examples of Gender-Dimorphic Traits......Page 191
Gender Dimorphisms and Individual Differences......Page 194
Biological Sex Differences and Cultural Transmission......Page 197
References......Page 199
7. WHY FAMILIES HAVE LITTLE INFLUENCE......Page 202
A Thought Experiment......Page 203
Models of Cultural Transmission......Page 205
The Transmission of Emotions?......Page 209
The Diffusion of Cigarette Smoking: Examining Models of Cultural Transmission......Page 212
Why Are Some People \"Bad\"?......Page 218
Hawks and Doves......Page 220
Further Sources of Variation......Page 225
The Effects of Genetic Variation......Page 226
The Need for Theories of Coevolution......Page 227
Social and Policy Implications......Page 231
Notes......Page 233
References......Page 235
INDEX......Page 238
BACK COVER......Page 242