The Legal Dimensions of Oil and Gas in Iraq: Current Reality and Future Prospects

Half-title......Page 3
Title......Page 5
Copyright......Page 6
Dedication......Page 7
Contents......Page 9
Foreword......Page 13
Acknowledgments......Page 17
Prologue......Page 19
Part One The Contextual Background......Page 27
I. Introduction......Page 29
II. Iraqi Oil and Gas Production......Page 35
III. Main Iraqi Pipelines......Page 38
IV. Iraqi Refineries......Page 43
V. Legal Status of Iraqi Oil and Gas Reserves Prior to Self-Governance......Page 45
VI. Conclusion......Page 52
I. Introduction......Page 53
II. Structure of the Iraqi Constitution......Page 57
III. Revenue Sharing: Articles 112 and 121......Page 64
IV. Authority of Subcentral Units to Enter Oil and Gas Development Agreements: An Assessment of the Constitutionality of Efforts by the KRG......Page 67
V. Constitutional Authority of Subcentral Units and the Matter of “Present” versus “Future” Fields......Page 72
VI. Conclusion......Page 78
Part Two The Complications Associated with Iraqi Legislative Measures......Page 83
I. Introduction......Page 85
II. Basics of the Federal Oil and Gas Framework Law......Page 86
III. Significant Legal Issues......Page 100
IV. The KRGs Oil and Gas Law No. (22) of 2007......Page 105
V. Problems Associated with Preexisting Oil and Gas Contracts......Page 116
VI. Conclusion......Page 121
I. Introduction......Page 123
II. Federal Government Model Exploration and Production Contracts......Page 125
III. The KRG’s Model Form of PSC: The Principal Provisions Subgroup......Page 139
Substance and Nature of the PSC......Page 140
The Host Government’s Right of Participation......Page 144
Work Duties Imposed on the Contract Holder......Page 145
Financial Obligations Associated with the Contract......Page 148
The Making of Decisions......Page 152
Handling of Land and Assets......Page 153
The Matter of Contract Stabilization......Page 156
Important Miscellaneous Adjectival Provisions......Page 157
V. Conclusion......Page 162
I. Introduction......Page 164
II. Context of Iraqi Revenue-Sharing Law......Page 167
III. Overview of the Revenue-Sharing Law......Page 170
IV. Difficulties Associated with the Collection of Revenues......Page 174
V. Difficulties Associated with Distribution of Oil and Gas Revenues......Page 185
VI. Conclusion......Page 194
I. Introduction......Page 197
II. The Relevant Terms of the Iraqi Constitution......Page 198
III. The Federal Oil and Gas Framework Approach: Articles 6 and 7, as Well as 5D and 5E......Page 202
Articles 6 and 7......Page 203
Articles 5D and 5E......Page 207
IV. Federal Oil and Gas Framework Approach: Scattered Articles......Page 212
V. Relevant Insights on the Restructuring of INOC and the Ministry of Oil From the KRGs 2007 Oil and Gas Law......Page 218
VI. Basic Conditions and Current Thinking Associated with Reconstituting INOC and Reorganizing the Ministry of Oil......Page 223
VII. Conclusion......Page 233
Part Three Current Issues and Potential Future Problems......Page 235
I. Introduction......Page 237
II. Primer on the Predecessors of Resolutions 1790 and 1859......Page 239
III. Security Council Resolutions 1790 (18 Dec. 2007) and 1859 (22 Dec. 2008)......Page 247
IV. Analytical Significance of Protection from Legal Claims......Page 258
V. Conclusion......Page 267
I. Introduction......Page 270
II. The Constitutional Context......Page 275
III. Evaluating the Article 110 Arguments......Page 277
IV. Article 114\'s Shared Powers Arguments......Page 282
V. Article 112: Direct Reference to Oil and Gas......Page 284
VI. Power Carried Over from Saddam-Era Measures......Page 288
VII. Conclusion......Page 295
I. Introduction......Page 297
II. The Solidarity and Diversity Provisions: Articles 1, 3, and 14 of the Constitution......Page 299
III. Economic and Social Security Provisions: Articles 27, 30, and 34 of the Constitution......Page 301
IV. Oil, Gas, and Natural Resources Provisions: Articles 111, 112, and 121 of the Constitution......Page 304
V. A Constitutional Sharing Obligation for Revenues Collected at the Subcentral Level?......Page 308
VI. Inadequacies of the Relevant Constitutional Provisions......Page 311
VII. Proposed Constitutional Amendments: How They Would Affect Revenue Distribution......Page 314
VIII. Other Sources of Law Suggestive of an Obligation to Distribute Revenues......Page 316
IX. Conclusion......Page 319
I. Introduction......Page 320
II. KRG and Central Government Apply Their Own Approaches......Page 324
Kurdistan Regional Government......Page 325
Central Government......Page 329
III. The Country Splits Apart......Page 331
Kurdistan as a Separate Nation-State......Page 332
Separate State(s) in the Balance of Iraq......Page 337
IV. Conclusion......Page 343
Epilogue......Page 347
Index......Page 353