The Last of the Last : The Old-Growth Forests of Boreal Europe

Table of Content......Page 5
Foreword......Page 3
Executive Summary......Page 6
Acknowledgments......Page 8
1. Introduction......Page 10
2. Fennoscandian and Northern European Russian       Old-growth Forests......Page 12
3. Methodology......Page 13
4.1 European Boreal Forest Ecology......Page 14
4.2 Historical Land Use and Its Impacts on the Natural Forest......Page 17
4.3 Biodiversity......Page 23
4.4 Other Factors Impacting the Forests......Page 24
5.1 Norway......Page 27
5.2 Sweden......Page 29
5.3 Finland......Page 33
5.4 Russia......Page 35
5.5 International Protection Mechanisms......Page 45
6. Conclusions......Page 46
7.1 NGO demands concerning old-growth forests in  Northern European Russia......Page 48
7.2 NGO Demands Concerning the Old-growth Forests  of Fennoscandia......Page 50
Sources......Page 52
Fennoscandian Definition Used for Old-growth Forest......Page 56
Norway......Page 57
Sweden......Page 59
Finland......Page 61
Russia......Page 63