The Land Beneath the Ice: The Pioneering Years of Radar Exploration in Antarctica

Cover
Contents
List of Illustrations
Preface
Acknowledgements
1. The Antarctic Ice Sheet Puzzle
	1.1. Prelude
	1.2. Some History
2. Sounding through the Ice
	2.1. Seismic Measurements of Ice Thickness
	2.2. Gravity Measurements
	2.3. Early Tests
	2.4. The International Geophysical Year and Its Aftermath
3. The Advent of Radio-Echo Sounding
	3.1. Experiments and Happenstance
	3.2. Developments in Cambridge and Antarctic Tests
	3.3. Trials in Greenland
	3.4. Field Activities Elsewhere
	3.5. Radio-Echo Sounding Goes Airborne
4. Flight into the Unknown: Long-Range Antarctic Campaigns Commence
	4.1. International Cooperation
	4.2. Plans for Antarctic Season 1967
	4.3. Antarctic Operations
	4.4. Review of the Season
5. The Second Antarctic Season 1969–70: A Task for Hercules
	5.1. Cambridge Preparations
	5.2. The Team Assembles
	5.3. Washington, DC
	5.4. New Zealand Activities
	5.5. Antarctic Sounding Commences
	5.6. Personal Experiences
	5.7. Western Marie Byrd Land and the Ross Ice Shelf
	5.8. Halley Bay—Visit to the Brits!
	5.9. Inland Flank of the Transantarctic Mountains
	5.10. To the Interior of East Antarctica and Vostok, the Coldest Place on Earth
	5.11. The Filchner Ice Shelf
	5.12. Meanwhile in the Antarctic Peninsula
	5.13. The 1969–70 Season in Perspective
6. Review and New Plans
	6.1. International Antarctic Glaciological Project
	6.2. Aircraft
	6.3. Navigation
	6.4. Radio-Echo System—Collaboration with the Technical University of Denmark
	6.5. Deconvolution and Migration
	6.6. RES Recording
	6.7. The Team
	6.8. New Plans and Preparations
7. The Continental Survey Begins: A Land Emerges
	7.1. To Washington and New Zealand
	7.2. Antarctica—Delays and Frustration
	7.3. The Science Begins—Eventually!
	7.4. A Land Emerges
	7.5. Mapping of East Antarctica
	7.6. The Ice Sheet Surface
	7.7. The Sub-Ice Morphology
	7.8. Lakes beneath the Ice
	7.9. Quo Vadis?
8. New Impetus
	8.1. A Tripartite Agreement
	8.2. Cambridge Activities
	8.3. Devon Island—An Arctic Foray
	Color Plates
	8.4. The ‘Keystone’ of Gondwana
	8.5. A New Aircraft and New Instrumentation
	8.6. A Planning Dilemma
	8.7. Remote Sensing in Glaciology
	8.8. Preparations for the New Season
		8.8.1. Dome C and East Antarctica
		8.8.2. Marie Byrd Land
		8.8.3. Ross Ice Shelf
		8.8.4. Other Projects
9. 1974–75: Radio-Echo Sounding Comes of Age
	9.1. Initial Deployment
	9.2. Operations Commence
	9.3. Siple Coast—Domes and Ice Streams
	9.4. ‘Lake’ Vostok
	9.5. Inland of Dry Valleys
	9.6. Disaster at Dome C!
	9.7. The Season Concludes
10. Data, Research, and Politics
	10.1. Ice Streams of Marie Byrd Land
	10.2. The Ross Ice Shelf Revisited
	10.3. Some Geological Investigations
	10.4. Politics Intervene
	10.5. Research Accelerates
	10.6. Automated Data Reduction
	10.7. Royal Society Discusses Antarctic Science
11. Changing Planes
	11.1. The NSF Sets Out Its Plans
	11.2. IAGP, September 1976
	11.3. Antarctica 1977–78—A Change of Planes
	11.4. Christchurch, New Zealand—The Programme Hangs in the Balance
	11.5. Antarctica at Last!
	11.6. An ‘Operational Day’
	11.7. 1977–78 Operations
	11.8. Dry Valleys
	11.9. Retrospective
12. The Final Season, 1978–79
	12.1. Magnetic Moves
	12.2. Dynamics of Large Ice Masses
	12.3. The Final Season Advances
	12.4. Taylor Glacier Project
13. The Axe Falls
	13.1. A Telegram
 Arrives
		13.1.1. Data, Access, and Political Myopia
	13.2. NSF Magnetics Meeting
	13.3. New Initiatives, New Opportunities
		13.3.1. Satellite Studies of Polar Ice
		13.3.2. Svalbard
		13.3.3. Short-Pulse
 Radar
	13.4. North American Engagements
14. The Antarctic Folio
	14.1. Developing the Portfolio
	14.2. Funding
	14.3. Folio Gains Momentum
	14.4. Scales and Map Projections
	14.5. Coastline and Other Details
	14.6. Place Names
	14.7. Enter the Cartographers
	14.8. The Maps Unfold
		14.8.1. Ice Sheet Surface
		14.8.2. Flowlines
		14.8.3. Compiling Statistics, Writing Papers
		14.8.4. Third International Symposium on Antarctic Glaciology
		14.8.5. Bedrock Surface
		14.8.6. Ice Thickness
		14.8.7. Isostatic Bedrock
		14.8.8. Magnetics Sheets
		14.8.9. Internal Layering
15. The Last Push
	15.1. The Folio Completed
	15.2. The Folio Reviewed
16. The Aftermath
	16.1. Svalbard
	16.2. Satellite Altimeter Group
17. Reflections
	17.1. Some New Brooms
	17.2. The Surface Configuration of the Ice Sheet
	17.3. The Subglacial Bedrock Landscape
	17.4. Water beneath the Ice
	17.5. Epilogue
Appendix 1: Display and Recording of RES Data
Appendix 2: SPRI Research Students in the Radio-Echo Sounding Programme
Abbreviations
Glossary
Index