The Jubilee from Leviticus to Qumran: A History of Interpretation (Supplements to Vetus Testamentum)

CONTENTS......Page 8
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS......Page 14
ABBREVIATIONS......Page 16
1. Introduction......Page 18
2. Overview of Scholarship......Page 21
2.1. Antecedents of the Jubilee Legislation......Page 25
2.2. Leviticus 25......Page 26
2.3. The Jubilee in the Prophets......Page 29
2.4. The Jubilee in the Writings......Page 30
2.5. The Jubilee in Second Temple and Qumran Literature......Page 31
3. Method......Page 33
4. Structure......Page 35
2. The Ancient Near Eastern Antecedents of the Jubilee......Page 36
2.1. Freedom Proclamations: Andurarum and Misharum......Page 37
2.2. Cities and their Environs Dedicated to a God......Page 44
2.3. Festivals of the Seventh Month......Page 47
2.4. Fallow Laws......Page 49
2.5. Inalienability of Land and Redemption of Land and Persons......Page 50
2.6. Pentecontad Calendars......Page 52
2.7. Summary of the Ancient Near Eastern Antecedents of the Jubilee......Page 53
3. Biblical Antecedents: The Covenant Code......Page 54
3.1. The Dating of the Covenant Code......Page 57
3.2. Exodus 21:1–11......Page 58
3.3. Exodus 23:10–11......Page 65
4. Summary......Page 67
CHAPTER THREE THE LIFE-SETTING (SITZ-IM-LEBEN ) OF THE JUBILEE......Page 70
1. Overview of Scholarship......Page 71
2.1. The Book of Ezekiel and the Late Pre-Exilic Period as Terminus ad Quem......Page 73
2.2. Similarities with Ancient Near Eastern Law and Practice.......Page 77
2.3. Ancient Diction......Page 78
2.4. Congruence with Contemporary Reconstructions of Early Tribal Israel......Page 79
2.5. Collateral Evidence from the Holiness Code......Page 86
2.6. Widespread Recognition of the Tribal Roots of the Jubilee......Page 88
3. A Ploy by Post-Exilic Priests?......Page 92
4. Summary: An Early Tribal Sitz-im-Leben......Page 94
1. Literary Setting (Sitz-im-Buch)......Page 98
2. Structure......Page 100
3.1. The Sabbatical Year (vv. 1–7)......Page 102
3.2. The Jubilee Year (vv. 8–22)......Page 104
3.3. Implications of the Jubilee for the Redemption of Property (vv. 23–55)......Page 111
4. Summary......Page 121
1.1. Sitz-im-Leben......Page 124
1.2. Sitz-im-Buch......Page 125
1.3. Explanation of Lev 27:14–24......Page 127
1.4. Conclusion......Page 130
2. Numbers 27 and 36......Page 131
2.1. Sitz-im-Leben......Page 132
2.2. Sitz-im-Buch......Page 135
2.3. Explanation of Numbers 27 & 36......Page 136
2.4. Conclusion......Page 141
3.1. Sitz-im-Leben......Page 142
3.2. Sitz-im-Buch......Page 146
3.3. Explanation of Deut 15......Page 148
3.4. The Relationship of Deut 15 to Lev 25......Page 153
4. Conclusions......Page 163
1. 1 Kings 6–9: The Temple Dedication in the 500th Year after the Exodus?......Page 166
2. 1 Kings 21:1–18: Naboth’s Vineyard......Page 169
3. 2 Kings 19:29: Isaiah Proclaims a Two-Year Fallow......Page 171
4. Jer 32:1–15: The Redemption of Hanamel’s Field......Page 174
5. Jer 34:8–22: The Release of Slaves under Zedekiah......Page 177
6.1. Jer 25:11: Seventy Years of “Serving Among the Nations”......Page 187
6.2. Jer 29:10: Seventy Years “for Babylon”......Page 190
6.3. General Comments on “The Seventy Years”......Page 191
7. Summary......Page 193
1.1. Introductory Comments on Ezekiel......Page 194
1.2. Incidental References......Page 198
1.3. The Vision of Restoration at the Mid-Point of the Jubilee: Ezek 40:1......Page 204
2.1. Introductory comments on Second and Third Isaiah......Page 207
2.2. The Prominence of the “Redeemer” in Isaiah 40–66......Page 208
2.3. The Jubilee Background of Isaiah 58......Page 211
2.4. The Jubilee Background of Isaiah 61:1–3......Page 215
3. Conclusion......Page 220
1. The Jubilee in Ezra-Nehemiah......Page 222
2.1. 2 Chron 36:20–23: Sitz-im-Leben......Page 224
2.3. Exposition......Page 225
2.4. Summary......Page 228
3.1. Sitz-im-Leben......Page 229
3.2. Sitz-im-Buch......Page 230
3.3. Exposition......Page 231
3.4. The Use of the Jubilee in Daniel 9......Page 242
3.5. Summary......Page 248
4. Conclusion......Page 249
1. The Jubilee in Jubilees......Page 250
2. The Jubilee in 1 Enoch......Page 254
2.1. The Apocalypse of Weeks......Page 255
2.2. Summary......Page 258
3.1. Date and Provenance of the Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs......Page 259
3.2. The Place of the Testament of Levi in the Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs......Page 261
3.3. Exposition......Page 262
4. Conclusion......Page 266
1. Historiographic Uses of the Jubilee at Qumran......Page 268
2. Cultic-calendrical Uses of the Jubilee at Qumran......Page 272
3.1. Brief Texts......Page 279
3.2. The Unnamed Prophetic Document 4Q383–391......Page 282
3.3. 11QMelchizedek......Page 294
4. Overview of Jubilary Chronologies in Second Temple Literature......Page 308
5. Conclusion......Page 310
1. The Significance of the Original Jubilee Legislation......Page 312
3. Ethical Interpretations of the Jubilee......Page 314
4. Eschatological and Messianic Interpretations of the Jubilee......Page 315
5. Chronological Uses of the Jubilee......Page 319
7. General Observations......Page 320
BIBLIOGRAPHY......Page 322
SCRIPTURE CITATIONS INDEX......Page 344
PSEUDEPIGRAPHA CITATIONS INDEX......Page 357
MODERN AUTHORS INDEX......Page 359