The Interaction of Modality and Negation: A Typological Study

Contents
Acknowledgments ix
List of abbreviations xi
Chapter 1: Introduction 3
1.1 Modality 4
1.2 Negation 9
1.3 Interaction of Modality and Negation 11
1.4 Notational Conventions 13
1.5 Outline of the Study 16
Chapter 2: Theories of Modality and Negation 21
2.1 Negation, Modality, and Aristotle 21
2.2 Negation and the Klima Tests 28
2.3 Theories of Modality 41
Chapter 3: Basic Strategies for Ambiguity Resolution 55
3.1 Introduction 55
3.2 The Modal Suppletion Strategy 58
3.3 The Negation Placement Strategy 86
3.4 Is there a Third Type? 109
3.5 Languages with Mixed Strategies 112
3.6 Towards an Explanation of the Occurrence 121
of MSS and NPS Languages
3.7 The Notion SHOULD 126
3.8 Other ways in which Modality and Negation 129
interact
3.9 Double Negatives and Modality
Chapter 4: Negation and Scope in Other Areas 145
4.1 Introduction 145
4.2 Evidentials 146
4.3 Quantifiers and Negation 171
Chapter 5: Word Order Correlations 189
5.1 Introduction 189
5.2 Previous Word Order Studies on Modality 190
and Negation
5.3 The GRAMCATS Data 202
5.4 Conclusions 220
Chapter 6: Conclusions: On the Representation of 225
Scope in Natural Language
Appendix 237
Bibliography 241
Index 251