The Impact of Mining Lifecycles in Mongolia and Kyrgyzstan: Political, Social, Environmental and Cultural Contexts

Cover
Half Title
Series Information
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
Figures and tables
Author Biographies
Foreword
1 Mining Lifecycles in Mongolia and Kyrgyzstan
	Post-Soviet Context
	Institutional Development in Mining Regimes
	Country Context
	Challenges and Contexts
		China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI)
		Environment
		Mine Lifecycle and Community Challenges
		International Context
	References
Part I Exploring Mining – When Mining Comes to Town – Initiating Mining Infrastructure
	2 A Pesky Story of Chinese Mining in Kyrgyzstan
		Introduction
		A Benevolent Investor Or a Gruesome Bogeyman?
		A Pesky Story
		Kyrgyzstan Gold Rush
		Conclusion
		Notes
		References
	3 Contestations Over Mining Policies and Mineral Ownership in Mongolia From the Socialist Period to the Present
		Introduction
		Mining During the Mongolian People’s Republic
		The Case of Erdenet Mine: Who Benefits?
		Post-Soviet Developments in Mineral Licensing and Ownership
		Conclusion
		Measures Taken By the Government of the Kyrgyz Republic
		Conclusion
		Notes
		References
	4 Gold Mining Conflicts in Kyrgyzstan: When Context and Culture Matters
		Introduction
		Historical Overview of Mining in Kyrgyzstan
		Case Study: Aral
		Shadows of the Soviet Past
		Discussion
		Conclusion
		Notes
		References
	5 Filling a Hole? Compensation for Mining-Induced Losses in the South Gobi
		Introduction
		Methods
		Mobile Peoples, Land Tenure and Development-Inducted Displacement
			Herder Land Tenure in Mongolia
		Resettlement and Compensation in Mongolia: Legal Stipulations and Cases
			Complaints to CAO Against Oyu Tolgoi Regarding Resettlement and Economic Displacement
			Land Tenure
			Livelihood Impacts
		Resettlement and Compensation in the Mongolian Gobi
			Diversity of Approaches
			Social Cohesion, Conflict and Double Impact
		Conclusion
		References
Part II Extracting Information – Community Engagement With Mining
	6 Social Impact Assessment in Mongolia: Development and Trends
		Introduction
		International Practices of Social Impact Assessment and Their Implications
		Evolution of Social Impact Assessment in EIA Laws and Guidelines in Mongolia
			Consideration of Social Impacts Prior to Revisions to the EIA Law in 2012
		Cases of Assessing Social Impacts in the EIA Legal Framework
		Social Issues Specific to Mongolia Overlooked in Assessments
		Development of SIA Methodology Through Consultation
		Conclusion
		Notes
		References
	7 Mining Melodrama in Mongolia: A Gurvantes Case Study
		Notes From the Field, Nadia Mijjidorj, 2019
		Mining and Community Conflict in Gobi Region – Case Study in Gurvantes, South Gobi
		Experience From the Oyu Tolgoi Mine in Khan Bogd
		Methods
		Story
			Tsesu Purevsuren
			Companies
			Government
			Herders
		Discussion
		Notes
		References
	8 Does Transparent Information Empower Communities? Natural Resource Data Accessibility and Use Practices in Mongolia
		Introduction
		What Is the Most Relevant Problem for the Local Community Linked With Mining?
		The Case of Dalanjargalan Soum – the Local Problems
		What Problems Can Be Solved With the Help of Data?
			Entry Point
			Environmental Rehabilitation Issues
			Mining Companies’ Economic Contribution to the Soum
		Conclusion and Recommendation
		Notes
		References
	9 Resource Extraction, Environmental Concerns and Social License to Operate in Kyrgyzstan
		Introduction
			The Environment and Resource Extraction in Developing Countries
			Environment and Resource Extraction in Kyrgyzstan
		The Environment, Resource Extraction and Social License
			Environmental Concerns and Conflicts
			Environment as a Part of SLO
			Environmental Protection and SLO in Kyrgyzstan
			Environmental Regulation of Resource Extraction in Kyrgyzstan
		Stakeholders’ Power and Interest in Enforcing Environmental Safeguards
		Implementation of Environmental Protection Measures
		Conclusion and Policy Implications
		References
	10 Mining Shadows On Mongolia’s Environment and Heritage
		Mongolia’s Ecological Traditions
		Land Resources and Land Rights
		The Environmental Costs of Mining
		Mining’s Threat to Biodiversity
		Toward a Sustainable Future
		Notes
		References
Part III Rehabilitating Land and Society
	11 Reclamation: Lack of Awareness and Post-Mining Mismanagement in Kyrgyzstan
		Introduction
		Background to Kyrgyzstan
		Methodology
		Overview of Findings From Field Research
			Naryn
			Chatkal
			Ala-Buka
		The Challenges of Post-Mining Remediation
		Conclusion
		Notes
		References
	12 After Life-Of-Mine: Rethinking Mine Closure
		The Afterlife-Of-Mine
		The Mongolian Context
		The Unbounded Mine
		Beyond Closure
		References
	13 Looking Back and Looking Forward: Conclusions On Reducing Site Level Conflict Associated With Mining
		References
Index