The Hypocephalus: An Ancient Egyptian Funerary Amulet

Cover
Title Page
Copyright page
Contents Page
List of Figures
Acknowledgements
1 Introduction
	1.1 Perspectives of the work
		1.2 Definition of the term ‘hypocephalus’
2 History of the research on hypocephali
3 Sun-disc under the head – overview
4 Some problems around hypocephali – pseudo-hypocephali
	4.1 The issue of Xnm.t wr(.t)
	4.2 The ‘hypocephalus biscuit’
	4.3 The issue of the so-called ‘terracotta hypocephali’
	4.4 Other hypocephali
5 Systematisation of hypocephali
	5.1 Register system
	I. Classical hypocephali (stucco coated linen, cartonnage, bronze, papyrus, wood)
	II. Mummy linen hypocephali
6 Introduction to the understanding of the structure of the discs
	6.1 The ‘standard’ hypocephalus (Register type 1a-c)
		6.1.1 The composition of the first register
			6.1.1.1 Repertory
			6.1.1.2 Analysis of register I
		6.1.2 The composition of the second register
			6.1.2.1 Repertory
			6.1.2.2 Analysis of register II
			6.1.2.3 Meaning of the register
		6.1.3 The composition of the third register
			6.1.3.1 Repertory
			6.1.3.2 Analysis of register III
		6.1.4 The composition of the fourth register
			6.1.4.1 Repertory
			6.1.4.2 Analysis of register IV
	Introduction to the analysis of the iconography
	6.2 Hypocephali with concentric register-system
		6.2.1 Definition of the group
		6.2.2 Changes of the register-system and of the iconography
			6.2.2.1 Inside the ‘hypocephalus-pupil’
				Crocodile-depictions
				The falcon-headed crocodile
				The four-headed crocodile
				Amon-Re: further variations
			6.2.2.2 The ‘iris’ of the hypocephalus
	Conclusion to the interpretation of ‘standard’ discs
	6.3 The textile hypocephali
		6.3.1 The Theban group
		6.3.2 Enigmatic group
	Conclusion on the interpretation of textile discs
7. Spell 162 of the Book of the Dead: prescription of the hypocephalus
8 Grouping of hypocephali on the basis of rim inscriptions
	8.1 Introduction
	8.2 Results of the last 50 years – an overview
		8.2.1 The typology of Edith Varga
		8.2.2 The typology of John Gee
			8.2.3 The typology of Luca Miatello
	8.3 The system of text typology
9 Text typology in use
	9.1 Rim inscriptions – Transliteration, translation and commentary
		9.1.1 Text type I
			9.1.1.1 a) The group Jnk HkA …
			9.1.1.2 b) The group jnk ȝḫ… (Theban)
			9.1.1.3 c) The group jnk jmn ntj… (Theban)
			9.1.1.4 d) Transitional texts of text types 1.) + 4.)
			Translation and commentary to the Theban examples
			9.1.1.5 a) The group jnk ḥkȝ… (Akhmimic)
			9.1.1.6 c) The group jnk jmn ntj… (Akhmimic)
		9.1.2 Text type 2  J(nk) ḏbȝ.tj-texts
			9.1.2.1 The standard text and variant a)
			9.1.2.2 Variant 2.b)
	9.1.6 Text type 6 – texts with one occurrence so far
	9.1.5 Text type 5
	9.1.4. Text type 4 – Osirian-texts
		9.1.4.1 a) Htp-dj-njsw(.t), pr(.t)-xrw
		9.1.4.2 b) Invocation to the gods of the God’s domain
		9.1.4.3 c) ‘+d-mdw jn’-formula
		9.1.4.4 d) Listing genealogies and titles
		9.1.4.5 Transitional text types between text types 4.) and 6.)
	9.1.3 Text type 3
		9.1.3.1 Version a)
		9.1.3.2 Version b)
	9.1.2.3 Variant 2.c)
		9.1.2.4 Transitional text type between the j(nk) DbA.tj-group and the previous jnk Ax.w-group (2.c) + 1))
		9.1.2.5 Transition between text types 2.) and 4.) - DbA.tj-discs originating from Tuna el-Gebel
10 Transliteration and translation of the texts of the pictorial field
	10.1. Transliteration and translation of texts of register I
		10.1.1a Texts of register Ia of hypocephali showing text type 1
	10.1.6b Texts of register Ib of hypocephali showing text type 6
	10.1.5b Texts of register Ib of hypocephali showing text type 5
	10.1.4b Texts of register Ib of hypocephali showing text type 4
	10.1.3b Texts of register Ib of hypocephali showing text type 3
	10.1.2b Transitional. Texts of register Ib of hypocephali showing transitional texts of text type 2
	10.1.2b Texts of register Ib of hypocephali showing text type 2
	10.1.1b Texts of register Ib of hypocephali showing text type 1
	10.1.6a Texts of register Ia of hypocephali showing text type 6
	10.1.5a Texts of register Ia of hypocephali showing text type 5
	10.1.4a Texts of register Ia of hypocephali showing text type 4
	10.1.3a Texts of register Ia of hypocephali showing text type 3
	10.1.2a Transitional. Texts of register Ia of hypocephali showing transitional text group 2
	10.1.2a Texts of register Ia of hypocephali showing text type 2
	10.2. Texts of register II
		10.2.1  Texts of register II of hypocephali showing text type 1
		10.2.2 Texts of register II of hypocephali showing text type 2
		10.2.3 Texts of register II of hypocephali showing text type 3
		10.2.4 Texts of register II of hypocephali showing text type 4
		10.2.5 Texts of register II of hypocephali showing text type 5
		10.2.6 Texts of register II of hypocephali showing text type 6
		10.2.7 Texts of register II of concentric discs
	10.3 Texts of section IIIa (transliterations and translations)
		10.3.1. Texts of section IIIa of hypocephali showing text type 1
		10.3.2. Texts of section IIIa of hypocephali showing text type 2
		10.3.2. Transitional. Texts of section IIIa of hypocephali showing transitional text type 2
		10.3.3 Texts of section IIIa of hypocephali showing text type 3
		10.3.4 Texts of section IIIa of hypocephali showing type 4
		10.3.5 Texts of section IIIa of hypocephali showing text type 6
11. Workshop traditions
	11.1 Theban hypocephali
		11.1.1 Introduction
		11.1.2 The place of hypocephali in the order of funerary equipment
		11.1.3 Systematisation of Theban hypocephali
			11.1.3.1 An overview of the text-chronology
			11.1.3.2. The register system and iconography
			11.1.3.3. Technique
	11.2 Akhmimic hypocephali
		11.2.1 Difficulties of the research
		11.2.2 Definition of the Akhmimic dialect
			11.2.2.1 Peculiarities
			11.2.2.2 The ortography
			11.2.2.3 Peculiarities of the iconography
		11.2.3 Conclusions
	11.3 Hypocephali of Tuna el-Gebel
	11.4 Abydenian hypocephali
		11.4.1 Introduction – The place of hypocephali in the order of the funerary equipment
		11.4.2 Examination of hypocephali – ortographic peculiarities
			11.4.2.1 Definition of the Abydenian dialect
				Ortographic peculiarities of text type 1
		11.4.3 Piece No. 111
	11.5 Hypocephali of Memphis
		11.5.1 Introduction – The place of hypocephali in the order of funerary equipment
		11.5.2 Peculiarities of Memphite hypocephali
12. Conclusion
Catalogue
	I. Classical hypocephali
	II. Textile amuletic hypocephali
Plates
Illustration credits
Bibliography
Indices
	Catalogue entry numbers and corresponding inventory numbers
	Inventory numbers of hypocephali, corresponding catalogue entry numbers and text types; Trismegistos number
	Index of rim-inscriptions
	Index of personal names – Filiations
	Names
	List of titles of owners of hypocephali and those of appearing in the filiations
	Private collectors (collection - date of the sale of hypocephalus)
	General index
	Index of divine epithets
	Index of objects discussed
	Index of texts
	Index of theonymes
	Index of toponymes
	Index of words and phrases discussed
Back cover