The Human Body: An Introduction to Structure and Function

Cover Page......Page 1
Title Page......Page 3
© 2004 Georg Thieme Verlag......Page 4
Preface to the First English Edition......Page 5
Protein Synthesis......Page 27
Contents......Page 7
1 Biology of the Cell......Page 13
Number, Size, Shape, and Properties of Cells......Page 14
Structure of the Cell and Cell Organelles......Page 16
Cell Division (Mitosis)......Page 30
Reduction or Maturation Division (Meiosis)......Page 33
Exchange of Materials between the Cell and Its Environment......Page 36
Membrane or Resting Potential of a Cell......Page 39
Solid and Fluid Transport......Page 40
2 Genetics and Evolution......Page 51
Genetics (The Science of Heredity)......Page 52
Evolution (The Science of Development; Phylogeny)......Page 67
3 Tissues......Page 79
Epithelial Tissue......Page 80
Connective and Supporting Tissues......Page 84
Muscle Tissue......Page 97
Nerve Tissue......Page 109
4 The Locomotor System (Musculoskeletal System)......Page 125
Axes, Planes, and Orientation......Page 126
General Anatomy of the Locomotor System......Page 128
Special Anatomy of the Locomotor System......Page 141
5 The Heart and Blood Vessels......Page 217
The Heart (Cor)......Page 218
The Vascular System—Structure and Function......Page 240
The Vascular System—Physiological Principles......Page 256
6 Blood, the Immune System, and Lymphoid Organs......Page 271
The Blood......Page 272
The Immune System......Page 294
The Lymphoid Organs (Immune Organs)......Page 299
7 The Endocrine System......Page 319
Hormones......Page 321
Hypothalamic-Hypophyseal Axis......Page 325
Pituitary Gland (Hypophysis)......Page 326
Pineal Gland (Pineal Body, Epiphysis Cerebri)......Page 329
Thyroid Gland......Page 330
Adrenal Glands (Suprarenal Glands)......Page 333
Islet Apparatus of the Pancreas......Page 337
The Gonads......Page 339
Other Tissues and Single Cells Secreting Hormones......Page 340
8 The Respiratory System......Page 345
The Path of Oxygen to the Cell: External and Internal Respiration......Page 346
Organs of the Air Passages......Page 347
Lungs (Pulmones)......Page 360
Ventilation of the Lungs......Page 365
Gas Exchange and the Blood−Air Barrier......Page 369
The Regulation of Breathing......Page 375
The Mechanics of Breathing......Page 377
9 The Digestive System......Page 389
Metabolism, Energy Requirements and Nutrients......Page 390
The Digestive Organs......Page 401
Overview of the Digestive Processes......Page 440
10 The Kidneys and Urinary Tract......Page 453
Overview of Structure and Function of the Kidneys......Page 454
The Kidney (Ren, Nephros)......Page 455
Urinary Tract......Page 469
11 The Reproductive Organs......Page 483
Male Reproductive Organs......Page 484
Female Reproductive Organs......Page 497
12 Reproduction, Development, and Birth......Page 517
Fertilization......Page 518
Transport through the Uterine Tube......Page 523
Implantation and Development of the Placenta......Page 525
Development of the Embryo......Page 528
Development of the Fetus......Page 532
Birth......Page 535
Postnatal Development......Page 537
13 The Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems......Page 545
Role of the Nervous System......Page 546
Development of the Nervous System......Page 547
Central Nervous System......Page 548
Peripheral Nervous System......Page 596
14 The Autonomic Nervous System......Page 617
Function and Components......Page 618
Outline of the System......Page 620
Sympathetic Nervous System......Page 621
Parasympathetic Nervous System......Page 625
Nervous System of the Intestinal Wall......Page 628
15 Sense Organs......Page 635
Receptors and Sensory Cells......Page 636
The Eye......Page 637
The Ear......Page 656
The Sense of Taste......Page 666
The Sense of Smell......Page 667
16 The Skin and Its Appendages......Page 675
Skin (Cutis) and Subcutaneous Tissue (Tela Subcutanea)......Page 676
Skin Appendages......Page 680
Quantities and Units of Measurement......Page 685
The SI System of Units......Page 686
Multiples and Fractions (Powers of Ten)......Page 687
Concentrations and Equivalent Values......Page 689
Glossary - Eponyms (Proper Names) in Medical Anatomy and Physiology......Page 691
A......Page 694
B......Page 696
C......Page 697
D......Page 700
E......Page 701
F......Page 702
G......Page 703
H......Page 704
I......Page 705
J......Page 706
K,L......Page 707
M......Page 708
N......Page 711
O,P......Page 713
S......Page 715
T......Page 717
U,V......Page 719
X,Y,Z......Page 720
Anterior view of the human skeleton......Page 721
Posterior view of the human skeleton......Page 722