The HPLC Expert II: Find and Optimize the Benefits of HPLC/UHPLC

Content: List of Contributors xiii Foreword xv The Structure of    The HPLC-Expert 2    xvii 1 When Should I UseMy UHPLC as a UHPLC? 1Stavros Kromidas 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 What Do IWant to Achieve and What Is a UHPLC Capable of? 2 1.3 What Is Required from an HPLC Method? 3 1.4 The UHPLC in Routine Use     A Brief Report 17 1.5 How Can the Potential of UHPLC Effectively Be Fully Exploited? (See Also Chapters 2, 3, and 9) 20 1.6 Summary and Outlook 22 References 25 Part I Hardware and Software, Separation Modes, Materials 27 2 The Modern HPLC/UHPLC Device 29 2.1 The Modern HPLC/UHPLC System 29Steffen Wiese and Terence Hetzel Acknowledgment 50 References 50 2.2 TheThermostate of Columns     A Minor Matter 52Michael Heidorn and Frank Steiner 3 The Issue of External Band Broadening in HPLC/UHPLC Devices 73Monika Dittmann 3.1 Introduction 73 3.2 Theoretical Background 74 3.3 Extracolumn Dispersion in (U)HPLC Systems 78 3.4 Impact of External Contributions in Different Application Areas 90 3.5 Optimization of HPLC/UHPLC Systems 94 3.6 Conclusions 97 References 98 4 The Gradient
 Requirements, Optimal Use, Hints, and Pitfalls 101Frank Steiner 4.1 Instrumental Influences in Gradient Elution     An Overview 101 4.2 Gradient Elution Technology and How to Systematically Characterize Gradient Instrumentation 117 References 169 5 Requirements of LC-Hardware for the Coupling of Different Mass Spectrometers 171Terence Hetzel, Thorsten Teutenberg, Christoph Portner, and Jochen Tuerk 5.1 Introduction 171 5.2 From Target Analysis to Screening Approaches 171 5.3 What Should Be Considered for UHPLC/MS Hyphenation? 173 5.4 Target Analysis Using Triple-Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry 178 5.5 Screening Approaches Using LC-MS 185 5.6 Miniaturization     LC-MS Quo Vadis? 189 References 192 6 2D chromatography     Opportunities and limitations 193Thorsten Teutenberg and Juri Leonhardt 6.1 Introduction 193 6.2 Why Two-Dimensional HPLC? 193 6.3 Peak Capacity of One- and Two-Dimensional Liquid Chromatography 195 6.4 Modulation 200 6.5 Practical Problems of Online LC x LC 203 6.6 Development of a Miniaturized LCx LC System 204 6.7 Real Applications 207 6.8 Advantages of the MS/MS Functionality 211 6.9 General Comments to Specific Aspects of an LC x LC System 211 6.10 Method Development and Gradient Programming 215 6.11 Presentations of the Instrument Manufacturers (in Alphabetical Order) 215 6.12 2D LC     Quo Vadis? 217 References 219 7 Materials in HPLC and UHPLC     What to Use for Which Purpose 223Tobias Fehrenbach and Steffen Wiese 7.1 Introduction 223 7.2 Requirements for Materials in UHPLC 225 7.3 Flow Paths in UHPLC Systems 227 7.4 Low-Pressure Flow Path 229 7.5 High-Pressure Flow Path 231 7.6 When and Why Can an Inert UHPLC System Be Required? 248 References 261 Part II Experience Reports, Trends 269 8 What a Software has to Possess in Order to Use the Hardware Optimally 271Arno Simon 8.1 Functionality and Handling 271 8.2 Data Exchange 277 8.3 From PCs Scalability to Global Installation 278 9 Aspects of the Modern HPLC Device     Experience Report of an Operator 281Steffen Wiese and Terence Hetzel 9.1 Introduction 281 9.2 Determination of the Gradient Delay Volume 281 9.3 High-Throughput Separations 285 9.4 Method Transfer between UHPLC Systems of Different Manufacturers 287 9.5 Application of Elevated Temperatures 290 9.6 Large-Volume Injection (LVI) 293 9.7 UHPLC Separation with 1mm ID Columns 296 Acknowledgment 299 References 299 10 Experiences of an Independent Service Engineer     Hints and Recommendations for an Optimal Operation of Agilent and Waters-Devices 301Siegfried Chroustovsky 10.1 Introduction 301 10.2 The Degasser, Principles 301 10.3 The Pump, Principles 303 10.4 The Autosampler, Principles 306 10.5 The UV Detector, Principles 308 11 The Analyte, the Question, and the UHPLC     The Use of UHPLC in Practice 311Stefan Lamotte 11.1 Introduction 311 11.2 When Does It Make Sense to Use UHPLC and When Should I Better Use Conventional HPLC? 311 11.3 Dissolution Tests in Pharmaceutical Industry 313 11.4 Method Development and Optimization 314 11.5 Typical    Classical    Liquid Chromatographic Analysis 314 11.6 Fast (Most Second) Dimension of Multidimensional Chromatography 315 11.7 Separation of (Bio)polymers 316 11.8 Process Analysis (PAT) 316 11.9 Conclusion 316 References 316 12 Report of Device Manufacturers     Article by Agilent, Shimadzu, and ThermoScientific 319 12.1 Agilent Technologies 319Jens Trafkowski References 328 12.2 HPLC Current Status and Future Development 328Bjorn-Thoralf Erxleben 12.3 Thermo Fisher Scientific, Germering 334Frank Steiner About the Authors 349 Index 355