The History of Pakistan (The Greenwood Histories of the Modern Nations)

Cover......Page 1
Advisory Board......Page 3
Copyright......Page 5
Contents......Page 8
Series Foreword......Page 10
Preface......Page 12
Acronyms......Page 14
Timeline of Historical Events......Page 16
1. The Indus Heartland And Karakoram Country......Page 20
GEOGRAPHY: KARAKORAMS TO KALAT......Page 21
PEOPLE AND PLACES......Page 26
PUNJAB......Page 28
SINDH......Page 29
BALOCHISTAN......Page 30
NORTHWEST FRONTIER......Page 31
EDUCATION AND GENDER......Page 32
RELIGION AND POLITICS OF IDENTITY......Page 33
GOVERNANCE AND ECONOMY......Page 36
NOTES......Page 39
2. The Indus Valley Civilization: Dravidians to Aryans......Page 42
WHAT’S IN A NAME?......Page 44
PERIODS IN THE SUBCONTINENT’S HISTORY......Page 46
THE INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION: THE HARAPPAN PAST......Page 47
THE ADVENT OF THE ARYANS AND THE VEDIC ERA......Page 51
JAINISM AND BUDDHISM IN THE GANGETIC VALLEY......Page 54
PERSIANS, GREEKS, AND THE MAURYANS, 530–185 B.C.E.......Page 56
REGIONAL KINGDOMS AND GANDHARA......Page 58
THE GUPTAS AND THE HINDU CLASSICAL PERIOD, 320–540 C.E.......Page 61
NOTES......Page 63
3. Islam in South Asia: The Indus and Delhi Sultanates......Page 68
MUSLIM ARAB RULE IN THE INDUS VALLEY......Page 70
GHAZNAVIDS AND THE INDUS REGIONS......Page 72
DELHI SULTANS: THE SLAVE DYNASTY......Page 73
KHALJIS (KHILJIS), TUGHLUQS, SAYYIDS, AND LODHIS......Page 75
NOTES......Page 80
4. The Great Mughals and the Golden Era in Indo-Islamic Civilization, 1526–1707......Page 84
ZAHIR-UD-DIN MUHAMMAD BABUR......Page 85
NASIR-UD-DIN HUMAYUN......Page 88
KING SHER SHAH SURI......Page 89
JALAL-UD-DIN MUHAMMAD AKBAR......Page 91
NUR-UD-DIN MUHAMMAD JAHANGIR......Page 96
SHAHAB-UD-DIN MUHAMMAD SHAH JAHAN......Page 98
MOHIY-UD-DIN AURENGZEB ALAMGIR......Page 100
NOTES......Page 104
5. The British Rule and the Independence Movements......Page 108
FORMATION OF THE BRITISH RAJ IN A FRAGMENTED INDIA......Page 110
REFORMS AND EXPANSION IN THE INDUS LANDS......Page 115
REBELLION OF 1857 AND THE \"HIGH NOON\" OF EMPIRE......Page 118
THE INDIAN NATIONAL CONGRESS AND THE ALL-INDIA MUSLIM LEAGUE......Page 121
WORLD WAR II AND PARTITION......Page 124
NOTES......Page 126
6. Muslims in South Asia and the Making of Pakistan......Page 130
REVIVALISTS AND REFORMERS: WALI ALLAH, AL-AFGHANI, AND SYED AHMED KHAN......Page 131
MUSLIM MODERNISTS: SYED AMEER ALI, MUMTAZ ALI, AND OTHERS......Page 133
REVIVALISTS AND IDENTITY FORMATION......Page 136
THE ALL-INDIA MUSLIM LEAGUE, MUHAMMAD IQBAL, AND M. A. JINNAH......Page 139
NOTES......Page 142
7. Pakistan: Establishing the State, 1947–1958......Page 148
FORMING THE STATE......Page 149
CENTRAL AUTHORITY AND PROVINCES......Page 151
1956–1958 : CONSTITUTIONALISM OR BUREAUCRATIC CENTRALISM......Page 154
FOREIGN RELATIONS......Page 156
NOTES......Page 158
8. Military Takeover and the Separation of East Pakistan, 1958–1971......Page 162
WHY THE ARMY?......Page 163
GENERAL AYUB KHAN, 1958 –1969 : A DECADE OF DEVELOPMENT OR DISCORD?......Page 165
FOREIGN RELATIONS DURING THE 1960s......Page 170
GENERAL YAHYA KHAN (1969 –1971) AND THE SEPARATION OF EAST PAKISTAN......Page 172
NOTES......Page 175
9. Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, Pakistan People’s Party, and the Military Regime of General Zia-ul-Haq, 1972–1988......Page 178
BHUTTO’S ADMINISTRATION......Page 181
THE CONSTITUTION OF 1973......Page 185
THE PAKISTAN NATIONAL ALLIANCE MOVEMENT AND MILITARY COUP OF JULY 1977......Page 187
THE ZIA-UL-HAQ ERA: 1977 –1988......Page 188
SOVIET INVASION OF AFGHANISTAN......Page 189
NOTES......Page 192
10. Democratic Decade, 1988–1999: Benazir Bhutto and Nawaz Sharif......Page 194
BENAZIR BHUTTO AND THE PPP GOVERNMENT, 1988 –1990......Page 195
NAWAZ SHARIF, 1990–1993: MUSLIM LEAGUE IN GOVERNMENT......Page 200
BENAZIR BHUTTO, 1993 –1996: THE SECOND ADMINISTRATION......Page 204
NAWAZ SHARIF, 1997 –1999, AND THE MILITARY COUP......Page 208
NOTES......Page 210
11. General Pervez Musharraf and Pakistan in the Twenty-First Century......Page 214
FROM A CHIEF EXECUTIVE TO PRESIDENT......Page 215
9/11 AND PAKISTAN......Page 218
BACK TO THE FUTURE......Page 225
NOTES......Page 227
Aziz, Shaukat (1949– )......Page 230
Jinnah, Miss Fatima (1894–1967)......Page 231
Khan, General Muhammad Ayub (1907–1974)......Page 232
Qureshi, Moeen (1930– )......Page 233
Zardari, Asif (1954– )......Page 234
Glossary......Page 236
Bibliography......Page 240
Index......Page 248
About the Author......Page 258