The history of Northern Africa

TITLE......Page 4
COPYRIGHT......Page 5
CONTENTS......Page 6
INTRODUCTION......Page 11
CHAPTER 1 EARLY HISTORY......Page 18
EARLY HUMANS AND STONE AGE SOCIETY......Page 20
THE PHOENICIAN SETTLEMENTS......Page 23
CARTHAGINIAN SUPREMACY......Page 24
TRADE......Page 26
WARS OUTSIDE AFRICA......Page 27
TREATMENT OF SUBJECT PEOPLES......Page 28
POLITICAL AND MILITARY INSTITUTIONS......Page 29
RELIGION AND CULTURE......Page 30
CARTHAGE AND ROME......Page 31
THE GREEKS IN CYRENAICA......Page 33
THE RISE AND DECLINE OF NATIVE KINGDOMS......Page 35
ADMINISTRATION AND DEFENSE......Page 38
THE GROWTH OF URBAN LIFE......Page 40
ECONOMY......Page 42
LATER ROMAN EMPIRE......Page 44
CHRISTIANITY AND THE DONATIST CONTROVERSY......Page 46
EXTENT OF ROMANIZATION......Page 49
THE VANDAL CONQUEST......Page 50
THE BYZANTINE PERIOD......Page 51
ROMAN CYRENAICA......Page 54
CHAPTER 3 FROM THE ARAB CONQUEST TO 1830......Page 55
KHARIJITE BERBER RESISTANCE TO ARAB RULE......Page 58
THE MAGHRIB UNDER MUSLIM DYNASTIES IN THE 8TH–11TH CENTURIES......Page 59
THE BANU MIDRAR OF SIJILMASSAH......Page 60
THE AGHLABIDS......Page 61
THE FATIMIDS AND ZIRIDS......Page 63
THE MAGHRIB UNDER THE ALMORAVIDS AND THE ALMOHADS......Page 65
POLITICAL FRAGMENTATION AND THE TRIUMPH OF ISLAMIC CULTURE (C. 1250–C. 1500)......Page 68
THE MAGHRIB FROM ABOUT 1500 TO 1830......Page 70
MOROCCO UNDER SHARIFIAN DYNASTIES......Page 71
OTTOMAN RULE IN THE MAGHRIB......Page 72
ADVENT OF EUROPEAN COLONIALISM......Page 75
NATIONALIST MOVEMENTS......Page 78
FRENCH ALGERIA......Page 80
THE CONQUEST OF ALGERIA......Page 81
COLONIAL RULE......Page 83
NATIONALIST MOVEMENTS......Page 85
WORLD WAR II AND THE MOVEMENT FOR INDEPENDENCE......Page 87
THE ALGERIAN WAR OF INDEPENDENCE......Page 88
INDEPENDENT ALGERIA......Page 92
FROM BEN BELLA TO BOUMEDIENNE......Page 93
BENDJEDID’S MOVE TOWARD DEMOCRACY......Page 94
CIVIL WAR: THE ISLAMISTS VERSUS THE ARMY......Page 95
FOREIGN RELATIONS......Page 98
EARLY HISTORY THROUGH THE 19TH CENTURY......Page 100
BRITISH OCCUPATION......Page 101
CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY......Page 105
THE FIRST DECADES......Page 109
THE REPUBLIC IN THE 1970S AND ’80S......Page 112
THE REPUBLIC SINCE THE 1980S......Page 114
EARLY HISTORY......Page 117
OTTOMAN RULE......Page 119
THE DISCOVERY OF OIL......Page 120
THE QADDAFI REGIME......Page 123
EARLY HISTORY......Page 126
DECLINE OF TRADITIONAL GOVERNMENT......Page 128
THE FRENCH PROTECTORATE......Page 130
THE FRENCH ZONE......Page 132
THE SPANISH ZONE......Page 134
INDEPENDENT MOROCCO......Page 137
WESTERN SAHARA......Page 139
HASSAN’S LAST YEARS......Page 140
INTO THE 21ST CENTURY......Page 142
EGYPTIAN INFLUENCE......Page 143
THE KINGDOM OF KUSH......Page 144
CHRISTIAN AND ISLAMIC INFLUENCE......Page 146
MEDIEVAL CHRISTIAN KINGDOMS......Page 148
ISLAMIC ENCROACHMENTS......Page 149
THE FUNJ......Page 150
THE SPREAD OF ISLAM......Page 151
MUHAMMAD ‘ALI AND HIS SUCCESSORS......Page 152
ISMA‘IL PASHA AND THE GROWTH OF EUROPEAN INFLUENCE......Page 153
THE MAHDIYYAH......Page 156
THE REIGN OF THE KHALIFAH......Page 157
THE BRITISH CONQUEST......Page 159
THE EARLY YEARS OF BRITISH RULE......Page 160
THE GROWTH OF NATIONAL CONSCIOUSNESS......Page 161
THE REPUBLIC OF THE SUDAN......Page 163
THE ‘ABBUD GOVERNMENT......Page 164
SUDAN SINCE 1964......Page 165
EARLY HISTORY......Page 173
THE GROWTH OF EUROPEAN INFLUENCE......Page 174
THE PROTECTORATE......Page 175
WORLD WAR II......Page 177
DOMESTIC DEVELOPMENT......Page 179
FOREIGN RELATIONS......Page 181
CHAPTER 11 WESTERN SAHARA......Page 183
CONCLUSION......Page 187
GLOSSARY......Page 188
BIBLIOGRAPHY......Page 190
INDEX......Page 192
BACK COVER......Page 197