The History of Higher Education in Thailand: Confronting Challenges

Series Preface
	References
Contents
Abbreviations
List of Tables
1: Introduction: “…A Kind of Noveau Export Commodity” (Luke, 2005)
	Overview
	Context
	Thai Higher Education and the West
	Thai Higher Education Today
	Purpose
	Sources
		Discourse and Truth
		Policy Borrowing
	Chapter Overview
	References
2: “…Giving Them New Knowledge” (Interviewee)
	Introduction
	Traditional Thai Education
	Importing European Models
	The 1932 Revolution and Its Aftermath
	The Potential of Education
	Establishing New Universities
	The Limits of Education Reform
	The Beginning of American Domination, 1945–1970
		UNESCO and Its Contribution to the Donor-Recipient Order
	Summing Up
	References
3: “… In Accordance with the Manpower Needs of the Country” (Nimmapheminda, 1970)
	Introduction
	The First Development Plan (1961–1966)
	The Second National Economic and Social Development Plan (1967–1971)
		The Privatisation of Higher Education
	The Third National Economic and Social Development Plan (1972–1976)
		The Establishment of the Ministry of University Affairs
		Unprecedented Expansion of Higher Education
		The Introduction of Open Access Universities
	Consequences: The Students’ Revolutions 1973 and 1976
	The Fourth National Economic and Social Development Plan (1977–1981)
	The Fifth National Economic and Social Development Plan (1982–1986)
	The Sixth National Economic and Social Development Plan (1987–1991)
	Summing Up
	References
4: “…A Volatile Context for Policy Change” (Lao, 2015)
	Introduction
	The First Long Range Plan on Higher Education (1990–2004)
	The National Education Act 1999
	Diversifying Operations
	The Introduction of Performance-Based Assessment
	Autonomous Institutions?
	The Second Long Range Plan on Higher Education (2008–2022)
		(a) Expanding Higher Education
		(b) The Push to Enhance Quality
			Promoting Research?
			Financial Contraction
	Towards Internationalisation
	Summing Up
	References
5: “…Fundamentally the Wrong Medicine” (Sydney Morning Herald, 2010)
	Introduction
	The Contemporary Context
	Administrative Efficiency: The New Truth
	Growth and Changing Organisational Practices
	The Commercialisation of Higher Education
	Internationalisation, Power, and Knowledge
	Modernity and Tradition
	Political Inconsistencies
	Democratic Provision: An Unrealised Goal?
		The Decentralisation of Universities
		The Problem of ‘Over-Democracy’
		Budgetary Inconsistencies
		Graduate ‘Over-Supply’
	The Debate Over Values
		Commercialisation
		Academic Inflation
		Quality and Standards
		Performance-based Assessment
		Surveillance and Regulation
		The Dominance of Teaching
		Corruption
		Research Difficulties
	Four Major Issues
	Summing Up
	References
6: “…An Obsession Towards the Culture of Borrowing” (Lao, 2015)
	Introduction
	The Higher Education Environment and COVID-19
	Enhancing Effectiveness
		Hierarchies Within the Civil Service
		Patronage and Corruption
		Difficulties in Acquiring New Funding Sources
		Exploring Potential Through Internationalisation
		The Impact of a Weak Infrastructure
	Democratic Practices and Processes?
		Asymmetric Relationships Between Universities
		The Impact of Uneven Provision
	What Kinds of Values Are Needed for the Future?
		Fundamental Student Values and Attributes
		Staff as Conduits of Desirable Values and Attributes
		The Proposal of a New Discourse
	The Struggle for Better Quality and Standards
		Teaching
		Research
		Performance Accountability
	The Immediate Effects of Covid-19
	Summing Up
	References
7: “…A Dichotomy Between Two Values” (Openshaw and Walshaw, 2019)
	Reflections
	Towards a Better Future
	References
References
Index