The History, Evolution, and Current State of Female Offenders: Recommendations for Advancing the Field

Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication
Table of Contents
Acknowledgements
Introduction
1. The History of Feminist Criminology
	Traditional Criminological Theory
	Feminist Criminology
		Marxist Feminist Theory
		Structural Feminist Theory
		Liberal Feminist Theory
		Radical Feminist Theory
		Black Feminist Theory
		Latina Feminist Theory
		Postmodern Feminist Theory
	Current Status of Feminist Criminology
	Conclusion
2. Seminal Works: The Evolution of Viewpoints on Female Offenders
	Conclusion
3. Evolution of Female Case Law
	Victimization and the Law
	Sexual Assault Resources
		Most Recent Case Law
	The Female Victim
		Intimate Partner Violence
	The Female Offender
		Prostitution
		Drug Offenses and Motherhood
	Discussion
	Conclusion
4. Gender and Theoretical Testing
	Learning Gender
		Gender Roles
		Ties to Criminality
	Generality Versus Gender-Specificity Debate
		Review of Theoretical Studies
		Strain, Self-Control, and Life Course Theory
		Additional Studies
	Discussion
	Conclusion
5. Female Prisons
	Female Offenders
	Evolution of Female Prisons
	Histories and Special Needs of Female Offenders
		Trauma
		Mental Illness
		Sexual Assault
		Pregnant Mothers and Incarcerated Mothers
		Gender-Specific Health Issues
		Elderly Women
	Publications by Women Who Are Incarcerated
	Conclusion
6. Gender and Reentry
	Reentry and Recidivism
	Gender-Specific Concerns
	Gender-Specific Variables
		Impact on Family
		Housing
		Education and Employment
	Reentry After Jail
	Gender-Specific Reentry Programs
	Alternatives to Incarceration
	Conclusion
7. Gender-Specific Programming
	Gender-Specificity within Programming
	Examples of Gender-Specific Programs
		Girls Gender-Specific Programming
		Adult Gender-Specific Programming
	Ties to Criminological Theory
	Conclusion
8. Recommendations for Advancing the Understanding of Female Offenders
	1) Acknowledge that Gender Matters.
	2) Incorporate Multiple Forms of Feminist Theory into the Study of the
Relationship between Gender and Crime.
	3) Expand the Applicability of Criminology through the Inclusion of
Traditionally Marginalized Voices.
	4) Examine the Impact of Case Law on Both Victims and Offenders.
	5) Conduct Additional Analyses of Criminological Studies that Include
Females in the Subject Population.
	6) Look to Outside Disciplines to Identify Gender-Specific Variables that Are
Impactful on Women and Are not Currently Utilized in a Gender-Specific
Female-Centric Criminological Model.
	7) Create a New Female-Centric Model of Criminality.
	8) Utilize the New Model of Criminality to Redesign Gender-Specific
Institutions, and Reentry and Institutional Programming.
	Conclusion
Index