The Himalayan Dilemma: Reconciling Development and Conservation (Published in Association with The United Nations University)

Book Cover......Page 1
Half-Title......Page 2
Title......Page 3
Copyright......Page 4
Dedication......Page 5
Contents......Page 6
Figures......Page 7
Tables......Page 10
Foreword......Page 11
PREFACE......Page 13
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS......Page 22
1 THE THEORY OF HIMALAYAN ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION: WHAT IS THE NATURE OF THE PERCEIVED CRISIS?......Page 25
THE THEORY......Page 27
LINKAGES OF THE THEORY AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS......Page 32
NOTE......Page 39
INTRODUCTION......Page 40
THE PHYSICAL BASIS......Page 44
PEOPLE AND POPULATION......Page 55
BREAKDOWN INTO REGIONS......Page 60
NOTE......Page 65
WIDELY HELD PERCEPTIONS ABOUT THE MOUNTAIN FORESTS OF THE HIMALAYAN REGION......Page 66
History of Deforestation of the Nepal Middle Mountains......Page 70
Garhwal Himalaya: Dehra Dun-Mussoorie......Page 74
Sikkim and Bhutan......Page 76
The Hengduan Mountains......Page 77
The Southeastern Tibetan Plateau (Xizang)......Page 79
Khumbu Himal, Nepal......Page 82
4 PERCEIVED PRESSURES ON THE HIMALAYAN FORESTS AND THEIR ROLE AS ENVIRONMENTAL SHIELD......Page 90
NOTE......Page 110
INTRODUCTION......Page 111
THE NATURE OF MOUNTAIN GEOMORPHOLOGY: WHAT IS KNOWN ABOUT SLOPE PROCESS IN DENSELY POPULATED MOUNTAIN TERRAIN?......Page 116
ESTIMATION OF DENUDATION RATES IN THE HIMALAYA......Page 124
Mass-wasting......Page 128
Erosion Rates in the Greater Himalaya......Page 133
Soil Conservation and Sedimentation of Reservoirs......Page 137
Impact of Road Construction on Sediment Production......Page 143
GEOMORPHIC PROCESSES AND HUMAN INTERVENTIONS: SUMMING UP......Page 145
NOTE......Page 146
INTRODUCTION......Page 147
REGIONAL ASSESSMENT OF WATERSHED DEGRADATION......Page 148
DOWNSTREAM EFFECTS OF WATERSHED DEGRADATION......Page 153
The Micro-watershed......Page 157
The Meso watershed......Page 158
The Macro-scale Watershed......Page 159
INTRODUCTION......Page 169
POVERTY IN THE HIMALAYA......Page 171
WOMEN AND YOUNG PEOPLE......Page 186
CONCLUSIONS......Page 196
NOTES......Page 199
INTRODUCTION......Page 200
Vegetative Regrowth, Grazing, and Burning......Page 201
Stages in the deterioration of the Kumaun foothills......Page 203
Why are there too many animals?......Page 206
Proposal for the restoration of productivity in the Kumaun foothills......Page 207
Administrative and legal considerations......Page 211
Notes on data in Table 8.2......Page 213
Some historical settlement patterns......Page 217
Two fundamental land-resource use issues......Page 218
Adaptive patterns in response to growing population pressures......Page 220
Looking into the future......Page 221
The need for intensification of land use......Page 222
Linkages between the major land-using sectors......Page 223
The importance of irrigation......Page 224
An overview of some major quantitative changes......Page 225
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS......Page 227
NOTES......Page 233
INTRODUCTION......Page 234
WHAT IS THE NATURE AND EXTENT OF CRISIS IN NEPAL?......Page 237
Development of water resources as a perceived solution......Page 243
Institutional problems......Page 246
SOME CRISIS INDICATORS FROM THE WIDER REGION......Page 249
Massive migration into northern Pakistan......Page 250
Eco-politics and indicators in the India Himalaya......Page 251
Western Sichuan and Yunnan, People’s Republic of China......Page 254
Bhutan: A study in contrasts?......Page 255
The Xizang Autonomous Region (Tibet) People’s Republic of China......Page 259
Militarism and regional politics......Page 260
CONCLUSIONS......Page 262
NOTE......Page 264
INTRODUCTION......Page 265
1. Anticipation Versus Resilience......Page 267
3. What is a Resource?......Page 269
6. The Heterogeneity of Problems and Capabilities......Page 270
9. Research is Driven by Perceived Information Needs......Page 271
10. Making Room for the Home-grown Wisdom......Page 272
11. How to Promote Flexibility?......Page 273
12. Problems of Scale......Page 274
14. Ivory Towers Versus Green Fingers......Page 275
16. Optimism and its Uses......Page 276
18. What’s Wrong with the Shift from Land– to Manufacturing– or Service-Based Industry?......Page 277
19. Are ‘Normal Science’ and the Himalaya Inimical?......Page 278
20. The Malthusian Hypothesis......Page 279
23. The Gandhian Perspective......Page 280
26. Science for Public Policy......Page 281
30. Failure into Success......Page 282
A CONVENTIONAL APPROACH FOR THE NATURAL SCIENTIST......Page 283
What are the Problems?......Page 284
Outline for a Regional and Long-term Research Strategy......Page 285
IMPLEMENTATION FAILURE CAUSED BY INSTITUTIONAL PROBLEMS......Page 288
HIMALAYAN DEVELOPMENT: DEVELOPMENT FOR WHOM?......Page 295
Resolution 2......Page 298
NOTES......Page 299
POSTSCRIPT......Page 301
REFERENCES......Page 302
AUTHOR INDEX......Page 318
SUBJECT INDEX......Page 322