The Hidden Link Between Earth’s Magnetic Field and Climate

Cover
THE HIDDEN LINK
BETWEEN EARTH’S
MAGNETIC FIELD
AND CLIMATE
Copyright
List of abbreviations
Geomagnetic field-Origin, spatial-temporal structure, and variability
	Geomagnetic field structure-Dipole and nondipole components; temporal variability
	Direct and indirect observations of geomagnetic field
	Characteristics of Earth's main magnetic field
		Description of the present magnetic field
		Secular variations
		Westward drift
		Geomagnetic reversal
	Origin of the geomagnetic field
	Empirical models of the geomagnetic field
	References
Variations and covariation in palaeoclimate and palaeomagnetic field
	Introduction to the problem of geomagnetic-climate coupling
	Geomagnetic jerks and climate changes
	Drift of geomagnetic poles and its influence on climate variability
	Centennial synchronization between palaeomagnetic and palaeoclimatic changes in North America and Europe
	References
Current understanding about the factors driving climate variability
	External forcings and mechanisms of their influence on climate
		Variations in solar luminosity
		Variations of the solar magnetic field
		Changes of Earth orbital parameters (Milankovitch cycles)
		Galactic cosmic rays
		Lithospheric activity and its influence on climate variations
			Volcanoes
			Plate tectonics
			Spatial distribution of continents over the globe
			Continental elevation
			Carbon dioxide (CO2)
			Variations in the geomagnetic field intensity
	Internal variations of climate system within a framework of an average climate status
		The oceans
		Planetary albedo
		Sea ice and climate
		Atmospheric composition
		Climate modes
		Life systems
	Regional character of climate variations-Challenge for all existing hypotheses
	References
Contemporary evidence for existing relation between geomagnetic and climatic parameters
	Choosing the methods for climate analysis
		Linear statistics as an option for time series analyses
		Some results from nonlinear statistics
	Convolution of palaeomagnetic and palaeoclimate variations
	Geomagnetic signal in recent climate records
		Similarities in spatial-temporal variations of the geomagnetic field and some climatic parameters
		Evidence for existing relations between galactic cosmic rays and some climate variables
		Multidecadal quasiperiodicities in the geomagnetic field and climate variations
	References
Galactic cosmic rays and solar particles in Earth's atmosphere
	Origin, compositional structure, and variability of energetic particles entering Earth's atmosphere
		Galactic cosmic rays
			Long-term variability
			Short-term variations
			Energy spectrum
		Solar energetic particles
	Charged particles movement in heterogeneous magnetic field
	Energy losses of particles moving through the atmosphere
	Hemispherical asymmetry in charged particles confinement by the geomagnetic field
	Regional focusing of cosmic rays in the lower atmosphere
		Analysis of neutron monitors annual means
		Geomagnetic lensing of charged particles in the lower stratosphere-upper troposphere
		Spatial distribution of neutron monitors seasonal variations
	Cosmogenic isotopes in Earth's atmosphere
	More evidence of charged particles modulation by the geomagnetic field
	References
Energetic particles impact on the near tropopause ozone and water vapour
	Production of lower stratospheric ozone by GCRs
	Tropospheric O3 destruction by GCRs
	Solar protons influence on the total O3 density
		Destruction of mesospheric and upper stratospheric O3
		Ozone self-restoration at lower atmospheric levels
	Hemispherical and longitudinal asymmetry of ozone response to energetic particles forcing
		Response of total O3 density to GCR impact
		GCR influence on the lower stratospheric O3
		Solar protons and stratospheric O3
	Statistical evidence for GCR influence on the near tropopause water vapour
	Interplay between near tropopause ozone and water vapour
	Appendix
	References
Mechanisms of geomagnetic influence on climate
	Brief review of existing mechanisms
	Ozone as a mediator of geomagnetic influence on climate
		Tropopause temperature adjustment to changes in the lower stratospheric ozone density
		Response of the upper tropospheric static stability and water vapour density to changes in tropopause temperature
		Surface temperature response to the variations in the greenhouse effect of the near tropopause ozone and water vapour
		GCR projection on the ozone-water vapour coupling in the upper troposphere-lower stratosphere
	Model simulation of the proposed mechanism for lower stratospheric ozone influence on climate
		Impact of aerosol chemistry and near tropopause O3 in surface cooling of China
		Impact of the upper tropospheric water vapour on surface temperature variability
	References
Geomagnetic field and internal climate modes
	Relations between lower stratospheric ozone and the North Atlantic Oscillation
	The imprint of near tropopause ozone and water vapour on the ENSO mode
	Concluding remarks
	References
Index
	A
	B
	C
	D
	E
	F
	G
	H
	I
	L
	M
	N
	O
	P
	R
	S
	T
	U
	V
	W
	Z