the HEALTH CARE DATA GUIDE : learning from data for improvement.

THE HEALTH CARE DATA GUIDE
Contents
Figures, Tables, and Exhibits
Preface
The Authors
About the Companion Website
Part I Using Data for Improvement
	Chapter 1 Improvement Methodology
		Fundamental Questions for Improvement
			What Are We Trying to Accomplish?
			How Will We Know that a Change is an Improvement?
			What Changes Can We Make That Will Result in Improvement?
		The PDSA Cycle for Improvement
			Tools and Methods to Support the Model for Improvement
			Designing PDSA Cycles for Testing Changes
			Analysis of Data from PDSA Cycles
		Summary
		Key Terms
	Chapter 2 Using Data for Improvement
		What Does the Concept of Data Mean?
			How are Data Used?
			Types of Data
		Using A Family of Measures
		The Importance of Operational Definitions
		Sampling
			Sampling Strategies
			What About Sample Size?
		Stratification of Data
		What about Case-Mix Adjustment?
		Transforming Data
		Analysis and Presentation of Data
		Summary
		Key Terms
	Chapter 3 Understanding Variation Using Run Charts
		Introduction
		What Is a Run Chart?
		Use of a Run Chart
		Constructing a Run Chart
			Examples of Run Charts for Improvement Projects
			Rules to Aid in Interpreting Run Charts
		Special Issues in Using Run Charts
			Stratification with Run Charts
			Using the Cumulative Sum Statistic with Run Charts
		Summary
		Key Terms
	Chapter 4 Learning from Variation in Data
		The Concept of Variation
		Introduction to Shewhart Charts
		Depicting and Interpreting Variation Using Shewhart Charts
		The Role of Annotation with Shewhart Charts
		Establishing Limits for Shewhart Charts
		Revising Limits for Shewhart Charts
		Stratification with Shewhart Charts
		Shewhart Charts and Targets, Goals, or Other Specifications
		Special Cause: Is It Good or Bad?
		Summary
		Key Terms
	Chapter 5 Understanding Variation Using Shewhart Charts
		Selecting the Type of Shewhart Chart
		Shewhart Charts for Continuous Data
		I Charts
			Examples of Shewhart Charts for Individual Measurements
			Rational Ordering with an I Chart
			Example of I Chart for Deviations from a Target
		Xbar S Shewhart Charts
		Shewhart Charts for Attribute Data
			Subgroup Size for Attribute Charts
		The P Chart for Classification Data
			Examples of P Charts
			Creation of Funnel Limits for a P Chart
		Shewhart Charts for Counts of Nonconformities
		C Charts
		U Chart
			Creation of Funnel Limits for a U Chart
		Alternatives for Attribute Charts for Rare Events
			G Chart for Opportunities between Rare Events
			T Chart for Time between Rare Events
		Process Capability
			Process Capability from an I Chart
			Capability of a Process from Xbar and S Charts
			Capability of a Process from Attribute Control Charts
			Capability from a P Chart
			Capability from a C or U Chart
		Summary
		Key Terms
	Appendix 5.1 Calculating Shewhart Limits
		I Chart (For Individual Values Of Continuous Data)
		Xbar S Chart (For Continuous Data In Subgroups)
		P Chart (For Classification Data)
		C Chart (Count Of Incidences)
		U Chart (Incidences Per Area Of Opportunity)
		G Chart (Cases Between Incidences)
		T Chart
	Chapter 6 Additional Tools For Understanding Variation In Data
		Depicting Variation
		Additional Tools for Learning from Variation
		Frequency Plots
			Frequency Plot Construction
			Frequency Plots Used with Shewhart Charts
			Frequency Plots and Stratification
		Pareto Charts
			Pareto Chart Construction
			Pareto Charts Used with Shewhart Charts
			Pareto Chart and Stratification
		Scatterplots
			Scatterplot Construction
			Scatterplots Used with Shewhart Charts
			Scatterplots and Stratification
		Radar Charts
			Constructing a Radar Chart
			Radar Charts Used with Shewhart Charts
			Radar Charts and Stratification
		Summary
		Key Terms
	Chapter 7 Shewhart Chart Savvy: Dealing with Common Issues
		Creating Effective Shewhart Charts
			Tip 1: Type of Data and Subgroup Size
			Tip 2: Rounding Data
			Tip 3: Formatting Charts
			Tip 4. Decisions for Recalculating limits, or Rephasing, on a Shewhart Chart
			Extending Centerline and Limits Backward
		Typical Problems with Software for Calculating Shewhart Charts
			Characteristics to Consider When Purchasing SPC Software
		Another Caution with I Charts and Chart Selection
		Guidelines for Shewhart Charts in Research Studies and Publications
			Use of Shewhart Charts in Research Studies
			Shewhart Charts in Publications
		Shewhart’s Theory versus Statistical Inference
		Summary
		Key Terms
Part II Advanced Theory and Methods with Data For Improvement
	Chapter 8 More Shewhart-Type Charts
		Other Shewhart-Type Charts
			The NP Chart
			Xbar Range (Xbar R) Chart
			Median Chart
			Attribute Charts with Large Subgroup Sizes (P’ and U’)
			Prime Charts (P’ and U’)
			Negative Binomial Chart
		Some Adaptations to Shewhart Charts
			MA Chart
			CUSUM Chart
			Exponentially Weighted Moving Average (EWMA) Chart
			Standardized Shewhart Charts
			Multivariate Shewhart-Type Charts
		Summary
		Key Terms
	Chapter 9 Special Uses for Shewhart Charts
		Shewhart Charts with a Changing Centerline
		Shewhart Charts with a Sloping Centerline
		Shewhart Charts with Seasonal Effects
		Adjusting Shewhart Charts for Confounders
		Transformation of Data with Shewhart Charts
		Shewhart Charts for Autocorrelated Data
			Risk-Adjusted or Case-Mix Adjusted Shewhart Charts
			Comparison Charts
			Confidence Intervals and Confidence Limits
		Summary
		Key Terms
	Chapter 10 Drilling Down into Aggregate Data for Improvement II
		What are Aggregate Data?
		What is the Challenge Presented by Aggregate Data?
		Introduction to the Drill Down Pathway
			Stratification
			Sequencing
			Rational Subgrouping
		An Illustration of the Drill Down Pathway: Adverse Drug Events
			Drill Down Pathway Step One
			Drill Down Pathway Step Two
			Drill Down Pathway Step Three
			Drill Down Pathway Step Three, Continued
			Drill Down Pathway Step Three, Continued
			Drill Down Pathway Step Four
			Drill Down Pathway Step Five
			Drill Down Pathway Step Six
		Summary
		Key Terms
Part III Applications of Shewhart Charts in Health Care
	Chapter 11 Learning from Individual Patient Data
		Examples of Shewhart Charts for Individual Patients
		Example 1: Asthma Patient Use of Shewhart Charts
		Example 2: Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Screening for Prostate Cancer
		Example 3: Monitoring Patient Measures in the Hospital
		Example 4: Bone Density for a Patient Diagnosed with Osteoporosis
		Example 5: Temperature Readings for a Hospitalized Patient
		Example 6: Shewhart Charts for Continuous Monitoring of Patients
		Example 7: Monitoring Weight
		Example 8: Monitoring Blood Sugar Control for Patients with Diabetes
		Example 9: Using Shewhart Charts in Pain Management
		Summary
	Chapter 12 Learning from Patient Feedback to Improve Care
		Summarizing Patient Feedback Data
		Presentation of Patient Satisfaction Data
		Using Patient Feedback for Improvement
			The PDSA Cycle for Testing and Implementing Changes
			Improvement Team Working on Clinic Satisfaction
			Improvement Team Working on Pain
			Feedback from Employees
		Using Patient Satisfaction Data in Planning for Improvement
		Special Issues with Patient Feedback Data
			Are There Challenges When Summarizing and Using Patient Satisfaction Survey Data?
			Does Survey Scale Matter?
		Summary
		Key Terms
	Chapter 13 Using Shewhart Charts in Health Care Leadership
		A Health Care Organization’s Vector of Measures
		Developing a VOM
		So How do We Best Display a VOM?
		Administrative Issues with a VOM
		Some Examples of Measures for Other VOMs
			Emergency Department
			Primary Care Center
			System Flow Measures
			Health Authority
			Large Urban Hospital
			IHI Whole System Measures
		Summary
		Key Terms
	Chapter 14 Shewhart Charts for Epidemic Data
		Shewhart Charts in Epidemiology
		Development of Shewhart Charts for Epidemic Data
			C Charts (Epoch 1)
			Charts of Epoch 2
			Charts for Epoch 3
			Charts for Epoch 4
		Some Issues with the Hybrid Chart for COVID-19 Deaths
			Data Quality
			Day-of-the-Week Adjustment
			Application of the Hybrid Charts to Cases, Hospitalizations, and Intensive Care Unit Admissions
		Summary
		Key Term
	Chapter 15 Case Studies
		Case Study A: Improving Access to a Specialty Care Clinic
		Case Study B: Radiology Improvement Projects
		Case Study C: Reducing Post-Cabg Infections
		Case Study D: Drilling Down into Percentage of C-Sections
		Case Study E: Reducing Length of Stay After Surgery
		Case Study F: Reducing Hospital admissions
		Case Study G: Accidental Puncture/Laceration Rate
		Case Study H: Improving Telemedicine Failed Calls and No Shows
		Case Study I: Variation in Financial Data
Index
Shewhart Chart Selection Guide
EULA