The handbook of informal language learning

Cover......Page 1
Title Page......Page 5
Copyright Page......Page 6
Contents......Page 7
Notes on Contributors......Page 11
Introduction......Page 19
 A new field of research......Page 20
 Plan of the handbook......Page 22
 Conclusion......Page 28
 References......Page 30
Part I Theorizing Informal Language Learning......Page 31
  Second language motivation in the classroom......Page 33
  English learning beyond the classroom......Page 35
  Informal language learning: A theoretical framework......Page 36
  References......Page 43
  Introduction......Page 45
  Summary......Page 52
  References......Page 53
  Introduction......Page 57
  Conclusion: Why do we need a theory of multimodality?......Page 70
  References......Page 71
  Introduction......Page 75
  Language acquisition in different contexts......Page 76
  Second language acquisition......Page 77
  Heritage language acquisition......Page 79
  Formal vs. informal contexts in language learning......Page 80
  Informal language learning today: New technologies......Page 86
  Conclusion......Page 88
  References......Page 89
  Introduction......Page 93
  Conclusion......Page 100
  References......Page 101
Part II Learning in Digital Contexts......Page 103
  Introduction......Page 105
  Virtual worlds and informal language learning......Page 110
  Teacher recommendations and the future of VWs......Page 115
  References......Page 116
  Introduction......Page 119
  General findings related to L2 acquisition and informal learning through games......Page 121
  Gameplay interactions......Page 124
  Research limitations......Page 126
  What is language learning?: Perceptions and a market of diverse solutions......Page 127
  The future of gaming and informal language learning......Page 129
  Concluding thoughts......Page 131
  References......Page 132
  Introduction......Page 135
  Web-based and mobile platforms......Page 138
  Research study......Page 145
  Conclusion......Page 151
  References......Page 152
  Internet Sources......Page 156
  Introduction......Page 157
  Fan fiction – a crash course......Page 161
  Fan fiction and informal language learning......Page 162
  References......Page 167
  Introduction......Page 171
  Informal language learning and the internet......Page 172
  Studying informal language-learning vlogs......Page 175
  The potential of informal language learning in the context of vlogs......Page 178
  Limits of informal learning in the context of vlogs......Page 182
  References......Page 184
  Introduction......Page 187
  Informal mobile language learning and collaboration......Page 188
  Fostering peer collaboration via mobile devices......Page 190
  Forms of context-relevant collaboration beyond the classroom......Page 192
  Roles for teachers......Page 193
  Support for learners......Page 194
  Conclusion......Page 195
  References......Page 196
Part III Learning Through Media and Live Contact......Page 199
  Introduction......Page 201
  The scope and scale of video and informal language learning today......Page 202
  Research on captioned video and informal language learning......Page 208
  Some key studies of caption use in informal language learning......Page 211
  References......Page 216
  Introduction......Page 221
  The linguistic benefits of using music and songs......Page 224
  Conclusion......Page 228
  References......Page 229
  Introduction......Page 233
  Informal learning through media: Maintaining the old and developing the new......Page 235
  Lessons learned: Supporting informal language learning......Page 241
  References......Page 244
  Introduction......Page 247
  Theoretical concepts......Page 248
  Learning in natural settings: The strategies used by businesses and employees’ communication strategies......Page 250
  Conclusions......Page 257
  References......Page 258
  Introduction......Page 261
  The linguistic landscape: From a colorful canvas to critical pedagogical approaches for language learning......Page 262
  Making use of the language‐learning opportunities that are already there......Page 267
  References......Page 272
  Introduction......Page 275
  Language gains deriving from language tourism......Page 277
  Interacting with the host community......Page 278
  The role of accommodation, leisure activities, and other travel components in facilitating SLA......Page 279
  Alternative educational settings conducive to SLA......Page 280
  SLA in work contexts......Page 282
  Challenges and future research......Page 283
  References......Page 286
Part IV International Case Studies of Informal Language Learners......Page 289
  The linguistic and sociocultural realities of Hong Kong......Page 291
  Hong Kong learners’ engagement in informal language learning......Page 293
  The interaction of out-of-class learning experience and linguistic and sociocultural realities......Page 299
  Conclusion......Page 302
  References......Page 303
  Introduction......Page 307
  The unique position of English in Korea......Page 308
  IDLE and English learning outcomes......Page 312
  Implications for English education in Korea......Page 315
  References......Page 316
  Introduction......Page 321
  Methods......Page 323
  Findings......Page 324
  Discussion: The invisible university......Page 331
  Conclusion: Limitations......Page 333
  References......Page 335
  Introduction......Page 337
  Informal learning......Page 341
  Survey of the field – Sweden......Page 343
  References......Page 348
  Introduction......Page 351
  Early findings on informal English learning in France......Page 352
  Participation in online informal activities......Page 353
  A case study on L2 development from informal usage......Page 356
  Implications from the present research......Page 364
  References......Page 365
Part V Informal Learning and Formal Contexts......Page 367
  Context and theory......Page 369
  Empirical studies......Page 372
  Translanguaging examples......Page 377
  Implications for research and practice......Page 381
  References......Page 382
  Introduction......Page 387
  Approaching social media......Page 388
  Social networking in language education......Page 391
  Informal learning......Page 394
  Future directions......Page 395
  Conclusion......Page 396
  References......Page 397
  Introduction......Page 401
  Technology-supported informal writing......Page 402
  Bridging the gap......Page 406
  References......Page 408
  Introduction to extensive reading......Page 413
  Statistical learning......Page 414
  Research on ER......Page 415
  Reading rate......Page 416
  Vocabulary development......Page 417
  Obstacles to ER......Page 418
  Implementation......Page 419
  References......Page 421
  Introduction......Page 423
  The case for integrating informal learning into a language class......Page 425
  Teacher support for informal language learning......Page 426
  Strategies and tools for informal language learning: Focus on listening and vocabulary development......Page 429
  Designing and evaluating informal language learning experiences......Page 433
  Conclusion: The road ahead......Page 435
  References......Page 436
  Key concepts related to informal and autonomous language learning......Page 439
  Self-directed language learning and technology......Page 440
  Underlying theoretical constructs associated with autonomous language learning......Page 442
  Other factors that can foster or impede L2 learner autonomy......Page 443
  Instructional approaches that encourage autonomous learning......Page 444
  Autonomous language-learning communities......Page 445
  Non-language oriented spaces and communities......Page 446
  Potential dangers of online autonomous learning......Page 447
  Resources available......Page 448
  Suggestions for using these resources in the L2 classroom......Page 450
  Conclusions: Making the formal informal again......Page 451
  References......Page 452
Part VI The Present and Future of Informal Language Learning......Page 457
  Introduction......Page 459
  Translation in the language classroom......Page 460
  Translation technology......Page 461
  Application of translation apps for language learning......Page 468
  Conclusion......Page 471
  References......Page 472
  Understanding experiential language learning: A growing need......Page 475
  Recreational language learning on the rise......Page 477
  New opportunities for learning through games and social media......Page 479
  Growing participation in nonformal, yet structured learning......Page 480
  New devices and opportunities on the horizon......Page 481
  The role of informal language learning in the future......Page 483
  References......Page 485
  Introduction......Page 489
  Naming the field......Page 490
  Framing informal learning......Page 493
  The interdisciplinary attraction of informal language learning......Page 496
  Challenges for future research......Page 499
  Future research shopping list......Page 500
  Conclusion......Page 501
  References......Page 502
Index......Page 507
EULA......Page 526