The handbook of child life : a guide for pediatric psychosocial care

THE HANDBOOK OF CHILD LIFE
INTRODUCTION
CONTENTS
	Chapter 1 THE STORY OF CHILD LIFE
		INTRODUCTION
			A Brief History of Childhood
			The Health and Welfare of Children in the Modern Era
		THE GROUND WE STAND ON
			Pediatrics: Developmental Medicine
			“Hospitalism”
			An Early Play Program
			Developmental Psychology
		THE CHILD LIFE MOVEMENT
			Emma Plank: Child Life Speaks Out
		THE ASSOCIATION FOR THE CARE OF CHILDREN’S HEALTH
			Child Life and the Founding of ACCH
			ACCH as Identity and Context for Child Life
			Parents and Families
		CHILD LIFE COMES OF AGE
			The Child Life Position Statement, 1979
			The Child Life Council
			Independence
			Publications
			Academic Programs
			Professional Validation
			A Place at the Table
		CHILD LIFE IN THE LONG RUN
			The Developing Role of Child Life in Healthcare
			Vision to Action
		REFERENCES
	Chapter 2  THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONSOF CHILD LIFE PRACTICE
		INTRODUCTION
			Play as a Conceptual Framework
			Cognitive Theories
			Social Cultural Theory
			Attachment Theory
			Psychosocial Development
			Temperament Theory
			Social Learning Theory
			Stress and Coping Theories
			Systems Theories
		SUMMARY
		REFERENCES
	Chapter 3  RESEARCH IN CHILD LIFE
		INTRODUCTION
		EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE ANDITS RELATIONSHIP TO RESEARCH
		RESEARCH SPECIFIC TO CHILD LIFE
			Professional Issues
			Research on Efficacy of Child LifePrograms and Their Components
		CHILDREN’S RESPONSES TO HOSPITALIZATIONAND HEALTHCARE ENCOUNTERS
			Effects of Hospitalization on Children’s Behavior
			Stress-Coping Responses
		EFFECTIVENESS OF INTERVENTIONS USED BY CHILD LIFE
			Play
			Preparation
		PARENT PRESENCE AND PARTICIPATIONIN THE CARE OF THEIR CHILDREN
		SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS
			Methodological Problems
			Recommendations
		REFERENCES
	Chapter 4  THERAPEUTIC RELATIONSHIPSIN CHILD LIFE
		HISTORY OF THERAPEUTIC RELATIONSHIPS
		CONCEPTS IN THERAPEUTIC RELATIONSHIPS
			Types of Relationships
			Phases of Therapeutic Relationships
			Theoretical Foundations
			Trust
			Communication Skills
			Boundaries
			Transference and Countertransference
		TYPOLOGY OF CHILD LIFE
		THE INTERFACE BETWEEN TYPOLOGY AND RELATIONSHIP
		DEVELOPING RELATIONSHIP SKILLS
		SUMMARY
		REFERENCES
	Chapter 5  COMMUNICATION AND CHILD LIFE
		INTRODUCTION
		LITERATURE: HEALTH COMMUNICATION AND CHILD LIFE
		THE COMPLEXITY OF HUMAN COMMUNICATION
			Process
			Transaction
			Context
			Symbolic
		VERBAL COMMUNICATION IN CHILD LIFE:PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS
			Fact Inference Confusion
			Allness Errors
			Word-Thing Confusion
			Jargon
		NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION:CONSIDERATIONS FOR CHILD LIFE SPECIALISTS
			Physical Appearance
			Clothing
			Facial Expression
			Gaze
			Gesture
			Touch
			Voice
			Space
		LISTENING
			Listening Misconceptions
		CONCLUSION
		REFERENCES
	Chapter 6  PATIENT- AND FAMILY-CENTERED CAREAND THE IMPLICATIONS FORCHILD LIFE PRACTICE
		OVERVIEW
		DEFINITION OF PATIENT- AND FAMILY-CENTERED CARE
		HISTORY OF PATIENT- AND FAMILY-CENTERED CARE
		BENEFITS OF PATIENT- AND FAMILY-CENTERED CARE
			From the Patients’ and Families’ Perspectives
			From Healthcare Providers’ Perspective
			From the Institution’s Perspective
			From the Healthcare Systems’ Perspective
		THE ROLE OF THE CHILD LIFE SPECIALIST
		BEST SERVICE/BEST PRACTICE:THE FOUR ELEMENTS OF PATIENT- ANDFAMILY-CENTERED CARE IN ACTION
			Element 1. Dignity and Respect
			Element 2. Information Sharing
			Element 3. Participation
			Element 4. Collaboration
		ASSESSING CHILD LIFE PROGRAMS FOR CONSISTENCYWITH PATIENT- AND FAMILY-CENTERED PRINCIPLES
		CHILD LIFE PROGRAMMING:PROVIDING CULTURALLY COMPETENT CARE
			Incorporating Cultural Competence in Child Life Practice
			Spirituality of Parents and Family Members
			Implications for Clinical Practice
		SUMMARY
		REFERENCES
	Chapter 7  ASSESSMENT AND DOCUMENTATIONIN CHILD LIFE
		OVERVIEW
			Information from the Healthcare Team
			Information from the Family
			Information from the Child
		MODELS FOR ASSESSMENT
			The Stress Potential Assessment Process
			Psychosocial Risk Assessment in Pediatrics
			Child Life Assessment Intervention Plan
			Formal Developmental Assessment Tools
			Benefits of Child Life Assessment for Other Disciplines
		DOCUMENTATION
			Benefits of Documentation for the Child and Family
			Benefits of Documentation for the Healthcare Team
			Benefits of Documentation for the Child Life Specialist
			Benefits of Documentation from thePerspective of the Child Life Profession
			Hospital Documentation Standards
			Child Life Departmental Standards
			The Child Life Consult
			Workload Measurement
		CONCLUSION
		REFERENCES
		Appendix A  CHILD LIFE CONSULT/INTERVENTION RECORD
		Appendix B-1  IWK CHILD LIFE SERVICES
		Appendix B-2  IWK CHILD LIFE SERVICES
		Appendix C  COPING PLAN
		Appendix D  CHILD AND FAMILY ASSESSMENT STANDARD OF CARE
		Appendix E  SAMPLE CHILD LIFE REFERRAL INDICATORS
	Chapter 8  PARADIGMS OF PLAY
		FOUNDATIONS
			Play as Enjoyment
			Play as Learning
			Play as Therapy
		EXPANDED PARADIGMS OF PLAY
			Play as Flow
			Play as Comfort
			Play as Hope
		CONCLUSION
		REFERENCES
	Chapter 9  PSYCHOLOGICAL PREPARATIONAND COPING
		INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW
		OVERVIEW OF THE STRESS-COPINGFRAMEWORK AND RELEVANT LITERATURE
			The Stress-Coping Framework
			Components of the Preparation Process
			An Additional Perspective on Stress and Coping:Overwhelming Stress and its Impact on the Brain
		APPLYING THEORY TO PRACTICE:THE PROCESS OF INITIATING PREPARATION
			Involving Team Members
			Gathering Information
			Assessing the Demands of the Situation
			Assessing Individual Child and Family Variables
			Using Assessment of Needs to Determine the Focus of Care
		PROVIDING PREPARATION WITH PLANNED COPING
			Providing Information and Influencing Appraisal
			Attention to Language
			Tools that Facilitate Preparation
		PLANNING AND FACILITATING COPING
			Recognizing Naturally Occurring Coping Styles
			Selecting and Rehearsing Coping Strategies
			Post-Procedural Evaluation
		REFERENCES
	Chapter 10  PROGRAM ADMINISTRATIONAND LEADERSHIP
		Organizational Structure
		MANAGEMENT FUNDAMENTALS
			Mission, Vision, and Values
			Operational Guidelines
			Staffing Models
		RECRUITMENT AND HIRING
			Professional Identity
			Clinical Advancement
		ORIENTATION AND TRAINING FOR STAFF AND OTHERS
			Orientation for Child Life Staff
			Training and Development for Child Life Staff
			Orientation and Training for Child Life Interns
			Orientation and Training for Volunteers
			Supervision
		PROGRAM GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
			Institutional Standards
		FINANCE AND BUDGET
			Sources of Funding
			Allocation of Budget
		PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT
			Special Events
			Internal Programming
			External Programming
			Patient Experience and Engagement
		CONCLUSION
		REFERENCES
	Chapter 11  ONE-PERSON CHILD LIFE PROGRAMS
		BEFORE YOU START
		WHERE TO START?
		GROWING YOUR OWN PROGRAM
		CONCLUSION
		REFERENCES
	Chapter 12  CHILD LIFE INTERVENTIONS IN CRITICALCARE AND AT THE END OF LIFE
		PARENTAL STRESSORS WITHIN THE ENVIRONMENT
		STRESSORS FOR THE PEDIATRIC PATIENT
		SIBLING STRESSORS
		THE DYING CHILD
		SUPPORTING THE DYING CHILD
		SUPPORTING THE DYING ADOLESCENT
		SUPPORTING THE PARENTS OF A DYING CHILD OR TEEN
		PATIENT INVOLVEMENT ANDEND-OF-LIFE DECISION MAKING
		SUPPORTING SIBLINGS OF A DYING CHILD
		PALLIATIVE CARE
		CULTURALLY SENSITIVE CARE AT THE TIME OF DEATH
		SUMMARY
		REFERENCES
	Chapter 13  WORKING WITH GRIEVINGCHILDREN AND FAMILIES
		GRIEF AS A FAMILY PROCESS
		PARENTAL GRIEF
		SIBLING GRIEF
		TASKS OF GRIEVING
		CULTURAL AND RELIGIOUS INFLUENCES
		CHILD LIFE SPECIALIST COMPETENCY DEVELOPMENT
			Play Facilitation Skills
			Communication and Therapeutic Response Skills
			Group Facilitation Skills
			Advocacy and Collaboration Skills
			Self-Reflection Skills
			Implications for Training and Competency Development
		BEREAVEMENT SUPPORT SYSTEMS
			Family Support Systems
			Staff Support Systems
		FACILITATING PEER GRIEF IN THE HOSPITAL SETTING
		BEREAVEMENT SUPPORT GROUPS
		SUMMARY
		REFERENCES
	Chapter 14  CHRONIC ILLNESS AND REHABILITATION
		INTRODUCTION
		LITERATURE REVIEW
		ADJUSTMENT TO CHRONIC CONDITIONS
		STATE OF THE ART PRACTICE
			Promoting Developmental Tasks
			Facilitating Adaptation
			Support Systems
			Normalcy and Redefinition of Self
			Adjustment over Time
			Interdisciplinary Collaboration
			Professional Considerations
		CONCLUSION
		REFERENCES
	Chapter 15  THE EMERGENCY DEPARTMENTAND AMBULATORY CARE
		INTRODUCTION
		THE SCOPE OF CHILD LIFE OUTPATIENT SERVICE
			Type of Services
			Staffing Plans and Service Hours
			Other Service Tasks and Assignments
		EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT SPECIFIC ISSUES,PATIENT ASSESSMENT AND PRIORITIZATION
		AMBULATORY CARE SETTING SPECIFIC ISSUES
		TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES
		DOCUMENTATION
		PROFESSIONAL ISSUES
		CONCLUSION
		REFERENCES
	Chapter 16  CHILD LIFE AND EDUCATION ISSUES:THE CHILD WITH A CHRONIC ILLNESSOR SPECIAL HEALTHCARE NEEDS
		INTRODUCTION
		CHILDREN WITH SPECIAL HEALTHCARE NEEDS
			Gaps in Educational Services
		UNDERSTANDING THE EDUCATION LAW
		INDIVIDUALIZED EDUCATION PLAN (IEP)
		THE ROLE OF CHILD LIFE
		SOCIALIZATION AND SCHOOL
		CASE STUDIES
			Randy
			Joey
			Max
		CONCLUSION
			Tips for Child Life Specialists
		REFERENCES
	Chapter 17  CHILD LIFE IN THE COMMUNITY ANDIN OTHER NON-TRADITIONAL ROLES
		INTRODUCTION
		THE APPLICATION OF CHILD LIFE PROFESSIONALFUNDAMENTALS IN NON-TRADITIONAL ROLES
			Child Life Competencies
			Standards of Clinical Practice
			Code of Ethical Responsibility
		THE EDUCATION AND TRAINING OF CHILD LIFESPECIALISTS IN NON-TRADITIONAL ROLES
		GATEWAY TO COMMUNITY-BASEDOR NON-TRADITIONAL ROLES
		THE BENEFITS AND CHALLENGES OF MOVINGBEYOND TRADITIONAL CHILD LIFE ROLES
		CONCLUSION
		REFERENCES
	Chapter 18  CHILD LIFE: A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE
		INTRODUCTION
		PART I: CHILDREN OF THE WORLD
			The Current Health Status of Children around the World
			A Definition of Health and Factors That Contribute to Health
			The Universal Rights of Children
			The Evolution of Children’s Rights in Healthcare
		PART II: THE UNIVERSAL NATURE OF SUPPORTIVEPSYCHOSOCIAL SERVICES IN HEALTHCARE
		PART III: INTERNATIONAL EFFORTS TO PROMOTEPSYCHOSOCIAL CARE IN HEALTH
			Taking Stock: Pediatric PsychosocialService Models around the World
		PART IV: CHILD LIFE INVOLVEMENT
			The Opportunities and Challenges forChild Life Practice Internationally
			Preparing for International Work
		CONCLUSION
		REFERENCES
	INDEX