The Greenwood Encyclopedia of Daily Life in America,Volumes 1-4

Volume 1......Page 4
Contents......Page 6
Tour Guide: A Preface for Users......Page 8
Acknowledgments......Page 18
Volume Editor's Preface......Page 20
Chronology, 1754–1789......Page 22
Overview......Page 26
Domestic Life......Page 50
Material Life......Page 64
Intellectual Life......Page 80
Religious Life......Page 86
Economic Life......Page 89
Political Life......Page 111
Military Life: The Makeup of the American Army......Page 120
Military Life: The Revolution on the Homefront......Page 149
Women......Page 175
Independence and a New Beginning......Page 190
Chronology, 1789–1820......Page 198
Overview......Page 209
Domestic Life......Page 231
Intellectual Life......Page 244
Economic Life......Page 251
Recreational Life......Page 289
Religious Life......Page 312
Social Life......Page 334
Military Life......Page 362
Epilogue......Page 381
Chronology, 1821–1861......Page 388
Overview......Page 392
Domestic Life......Page 412
Intellectual Life......Page 427
Material Life......Page 488
Economic Life......Page 536
Political Life......Page 575
Religious Life......Page 580
Slavery......Page 583
1. Glimpses of Colonial Society and Life at Princeton College (1766)......Page 612
3. A Description of Philadelphia (1814)......Page 613
4. Cruelty to Slaves on a Mississippi Plantation (1819)......Page 615
5. Francis J. Grund on American Homes (1837)......Page 616
6. Francis J. Grund on American Newspapers (1837)......Page 618
7. Harriet Martineau Describes Washington, D.C., in the 1830s......Page 619
8. Harriet Martineau's Description of American Slavery (1830s)......Page 620
9. Charles Dickens on the Mill Girls of Lowell, Massachusetts (1842)......Page 622
10. Frederick Douglass on the Cruelty of Slaveholders and the Suffering of Slaves (1845)......Page 623
11. Sir Charles Lyell Describes a Boston School (1845)......Page 625
12. An American Home (1849)......Page 626
13. An Address to the Legislature of New York, Adopted by the State Women's Rights Convention at Albany (February 1854)......Page 627
14. Frederick Law Olmsted Describes the American South (1856)......Page 628
15. A Steamboat Ride on the Mississippi (1857)......Page 629
Appendix 2: Presidents of the United States—1789–1861......Page 632
Appendix 3: Vice Presidents of the United States—1789–1861......Page 633
Appendix 4: Secretaries of State of the United States—1789–1861......Page 634
Appendix 5: Chief Justices of the U.S. Supreme Court—1789–1864......Page 635
Bibliography......Page 636
A......Page 678
B......Page 680
C......Page 682
D......Page 686
E......Page 687
F......Page 689
G......Page 691
H......Page 692
I......Page 694
J......Page 695
L......Page 696
M......Page 698
N......Page 701
O......Page 702
P......Page 703
R......Page 705
S......Page 707
T......Page 711
U......Page 712
W......Page 713
Z......Page 716
Editors......Page 718
Volume 2......Page 722
Contents......Page 724
Tour Guide: A Preface for Users......Page 728
Chronology: 1860–1900......Page 738
A Century of "-isms"......Page 742
Domestic Life......Page 744
A Place in Society......Page 746
Courtship and Marriage......Page 747
Using Census Data......Page 750
Vital Statistics......Page 751
The Fragility of Life......Page 753
The Cost and Standard of Living......Page 755
Family Wealth......Page 756
Farm Unrest......Page 758
Currency Reform......Page 759
Immigration......Page 760
Intellectual Life......Page 761
Summary......Page 765
Overview......Page 770
Domestic Life......Page 773
Economic Life......Page 804
Intellectual Life......Page 823
Material Life......Page 854
Political Life......Page 889
Recreational Life......Page 904
Religious Life......Page 930
Overview......Page 942
Domestic Life......Page 945
Economic Life......Page 966
Intellectual Life......Page 989
Material Life......Page 1006
Political Life......Page 1023
Recreational Life......Page 1038
Religious Life......Page 1063
Overview......Page 1068
Domestic Life......Page 1071
Economic Life......Page 1091
Intellectual Life......Page 1120
Material Life......Page 1139
Political Life......Page 1157
Recreational Life......Page 1177
Religious Life......Page 1195
Overview......Page 1206
Domestic Life......Page 1214
Economic Life......Page 1240
Intellectual Life......Page 1266
Material Life......Page 1286
Political Life......Page 1310
Recreational Life......Page 1328
Religious Life......Page 1362
1. Report of the Discovery of a Subterranean Fountain of Oil (1859)......Page 1376
2. Personal Advice Author Timothy Titcomb on Truth-telling (1861)......Page 1377
4. Lieutenant William J. Hardee's Rifle and Light Infantry Tactics (1862)......Page 1378
5. Remembering the Battle of Gettysburg (1863)......Page 1380
6. An Ohio Schoolmaster's View of the Earliest Period of Reconstruction (1865)......Page 1381
7. Excerpts from Ragged Dick, or Street Life in New York by Horatio Alger Jr. (1868)......Page 1383
8. A Farewell to the Buffalo Soldiers from Their Commander (1869)......Page 1384
9. How Beauty Is Spoiled (1870)......Page 1386
10. Making Peace with the Apache Chief Cochise (1872)......Page 1387
11. The Saga of Stone's Landing from The Gilded Age by Mark Twain (Samuel Clemens) (1873)......Page 1389
12. The Preface to Housekeeping in Old Virginia by Marion Cabell Tyree (1877)......Page 1391
13. Progress and Poverty or the Single Tax (1879)......Page 1392
14. Etiquette for the Table (1880s)......Page 1394
15. Entries from the Diary of Ruth Anna Abrams (1881)......Page 1395
17. From Hand-Sewn to Machine-Sewn (1867–1899)......Page 1396
18. Daniel Carter Beard's Advice to American Boys (1882)......Page 1397
19. Lina and Adelia Beard on Activities for Girls (1887)......Page 1398
20. The Gospel of Wealth (1889)......Page 1400
21. Christmas Day Menu (1890)......Page 1402
22. The Report on the Marine Guard at the Legations at Peking (Beijing) during the Boxer Rebellion (1900)......Page 1406
23. The Jungle by Upton Sinclair (1906)......Page 1409
Appendix 2: Presidents of the United States—1861–1901......Page 1412
Appendix 3: Vice Presidents of the United States—1861–1901......Page 1413
Appendix 5: Chief Justices of the U.S. Supreme Court—1861–1901......Page 1414
Selected Bibliography......Page 1416
A......Page 1436
B......Page 1438
C......Page 1440
D......Page 1444
E......Page 1445
F......Page 1447
G......Page 1449
H......Page 1450
I......Page 1452
J......Page 1453
L......Page 1454
M......Page 1456
N......Page 1459
O......Page 1460
P......Page 1461
R......Page 1463
S......Page 1465
T......Page 1469
U......Page 1470
W......Page 1471
Z......Page 1474
Editors......Page 1476
Volume 3......Page 1480
Contents......Page 1484
Tour Guide: A Preface for Users......Page 1488
Volume Editor's Preface......Page 1498
Chronology: 1900–1945......Page 1500
The Progressive Age and Theodore Roosevelt......Page 1524
The Era of Theodore Roosevelt......Page 1527
Woodrow Wilson's Domestic Policy......Page 1529
Overseas Expansion and the Mexican Revolution......Page 1530
World War I......Page 1532
The Roaring Twenties......Page 1542
The Great Depression and the New Deal......Page 1551
The Coming of World War II......Page 1559
Overview......Page 1564
Domestic Life......Page 1566
Economic Life......Page 1580
Intellectual Life......Page 1587
Material Life......Page 1597
Political Life......Page 1609
Recreational Life......Page 1615
Religious Life......Page 1625
Domestic Life......Page 1634
Economic Life......Page 1644
Intellectual Life......Page 1675
Material Life......Page 1687
Political Life......Page 1706
Recreational Life......Page 1711
Religious Life......Page 1723
Overview......Page 1730
Domestic Life......Page 1731
Economic Life......Page 1737
Intellectual Life......Page 1751
Material Life......Page 1763
Political Life......Page 1778
Recreational Life......Page 1784
Religious Life......Page 1790
Overview......Page 1802
Domestic Life......Page 1803
Economic Life......Page 1816
Intellectual Life......Page 1830
Material Life......Page 1840
Political Life......Page 1851
Recreational Life......Page 1860
Religious Life......Page 1868
Overview......Page 1874
Domestic Life......Page 1876
Economic Life......Page 1880
Intellectual Life......Page 1902
Material Life......Page 1905
Political Life......Page 1911
Recreational Life......Page 1916
Religious Life......Page 1917
Overview......Page 1924
Domestic Life......Page 1925
Economic Life......Page 1936
Intellectual Life......Page 1959
Material Life......Page 1965
Political Life......Page 1978
Recreational Life......Page 1985
Religious Life......Page 1991
1. President Theodore Roosevelt's Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine (December 6, 1904)......Page 1996
2. President Theodore Roosevelt's Muckraker Speech—"The Man with the Muck Rake" (April 15, 1906)......Page 2000
3. The New York Sun Describes the 1906 San Francisco Earthquake (April 19, 1906)......Page 2005
4. Pure Food and Drug Act (June 30, 1906)......Page 2008
5. Sixteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution—"The Income Tax Amendment" (ratified February 3, 1913)......Page 2013
6. President Woodrow Wilson's First Inauguration Address (March 4, 1913)......Page 2014
7. President Woodrow Wilson's Declaration of Neutrality (August 19, 1914)......Page 2017
8. German Warning of Submarine Attacks on British Ships (May 2, 1915)......Page 2018
10. President Woodrow Wilson's War Message to Congress (April 2, 1917)......Page 2019
11. Civil Liberties during World War I—The Espionage Act (June 15, 1917)......Page 2025
12. Conscientious Objection—One Objector's Story......Page 2026
13. President Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points (January 8, 1918)......Page 2027
14. Women's Right to Vote—The Nineteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution (ratified August 18, 1920)......Page 2032
16. Immigration Act of 1924 (May 26, 1924)......Page 2033
17. Florida Hurricane of 1926 (September 19, 1926)......Page 2038
18. Poverty in the Prosperous 1920s—Case Studies of Unemployed Workers I......Page 2039
19. Poverty in the Prosperous 1920s—Case Studies of Unemployed Workers II......Page 2042
20. Boulder Dam Project—Transcript of the Boulder Canyon Project Act (December 21, 1928)......Page 2044
21. President Franklin Delano Roosevelt's First Inaugural Address (March 4, 1933)......Page 2054
22. Franklin D. Roosevelt's First Fireside Chat (March 12, 1933)......Page 2058
23. Another Fireside Chat—Goals of the First New Deal (May 7, 1933)......Page 2062
24. Repeal of Prohibition—The Twenty-First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution (ratified December 5, 1933)......Page 2067
25. Ending the All-White Primary—Grovey v. Townsend (April 1, 1935)......Page 2068
26. Insuring the Future—The Social Security Act (August 14, 1935)......Page 2073
27. Young and Out of Work during the Depression—The WPA Writer's Project I......Page 2075
28. The American Middle Class in the Depression—The WPA Writers' Project II......Page 2077
29. Recovery in Washington, D.C.—The WPA Writer's Project III......Page 2082
30. Women in the Depression—The WPA Writer's Project IV......Page 2084
31. President Franklin Roosevelt's "Quarantine the Enemy" Speech (October 5, 1937)......Page 2088
32. Franklin Roosevelt's Fireside Chat—"The Arsenal of Democracy" (December 29, 1940)......Page 2092
33. President Franklin Roosevelt's Four Freedoms Speech (January 6, 1941)......Page 2099
34. President Franklin Roosevelt's "Day of Infamy" Speech (December 8, 1941)......Page 2105
Appendix 2: Presidents of the United States, 1900–1945......Page 2108
Appendix 3: Vice Presidents of the United States, 1900–1940s......Page 2109
Appendix 5: Chief Justices of the U.S. Supreme Court, 1900–1940s......Page 2110
Bibliography......Page 2112
A......Page 2122
B......Page 2124
C......Page 2126
D......Page 2130
E......Page 2131
F......Page 2133
G......Page 2135
H......Page 2136
I......Page 2138
J......Page 2139
L......Page 2140
M......Page 2142
N......Page 2145
O......Page 2146
P......Page 2147
R......Page 2149
S......Page 2151
T......Page 2155
U......Page 2156
W......Page 2157
Z......Page 2160
Editors......Page 2162
Volume 4......Page 2166
Contents......Page 2170
Tour Guide: A Preface for Users......Page 2174
Acknowledgments......Page 2184
Introduction......Page 2186
Historical Overview......Page 2190
Timeline......Page 2208
Overview......Page 2213
Domestic Life......Page 2215
Economic Life......Page 2229
Intellectual Life......Page 2239
Material Life......Page 2261
Political Life......Page 2277
Recreational Life......Page 2289
Religious Life......Page 2305
Timeline......Page 2312
Overview......Page 2319
Domestic Life......Page 2321
Economic Life......Page 2331
Intellectual Life......Page 2351
Material Life......Page 2375
Political Life......Page 2387
Recreational Life......Page 2414
Religious Life......Page 2431
Timeline......Page 2446
Overview......Page 2450
Domestic Life......Page 2452
Economic Life......Page 2460
Intellectual Life......Page 2475
Material Life......Page 2489
Political Life......Page 2498
Recreational Life......Page 2515
Religious Life......Page 2530
1. Franklin D. Roosevelt's Address to the Nation Following the Japanese Attack on Pearl Harbor (December 8, 1941)......Page 2536
2. President Franklin D. Roosevelt's Fireside Chat Concerning the Coal Crisis (May 2, 1943)......Page 2537
4. Secretary of State George C. Marshall Describes the Marshall Plan (June 5, 1947)......Page 2542
5. Senator Margaret Chase Smith's Declaration of Conscience (June 1, 1950)......Page 2544
6. William Faulkner Accepts the Nobel Prize for Literature (September 10, 1950)......Page 2547
7. U.S. Supreme Court's Landmark Ruling on Desegregation in Brown v. Board of Education (May 17, 1954)......Page 2548
8. President John F. Kennedy's Inaugural Address (January 20, 1961)......Page 2551
9. Federal Communication Commission Chairman Newton Minnow Declares Television a "Vast Wasteland" (May 9, 1961)......Page 2554
10. Robert Moses's "Letter from a Mississippi Jail Cell" (July 15, 1961)......Page 2561
11. George C. Wallace's Inaugural Address as Governor of Alabama (January 14, 1963)......Page 2562
12. Madalyn Murray O'Hair's Essay "The Battle Is Joined" (June 10, 1963)......Page 2564
13. President John F. Kennedy's Address on Civil Rights (June 11, 1963)......Page 2566
14. Civil Rights Act (July 2, 1964)......Page 2568
15. President Lyndon B. Johnson's "Special Message to the Congress: The American Promise" (March 15, 1965)......Page 2570
16. Voting Rights Act of 1965 (August 6, 1965)......Page 2572
17. Excerpt from Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 (June 23, 1972)......Page 2578
18. Excerpt from the Supreme Court's Decision on Abortion Rights in Roe v. Wade (January 22, 1973)......Page 2580
19. President Ronald Reagan's Remarks at Berlin's Brandenburg Gate (June 12, 1987)......Page 2581
20. North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) Treaty (January 1, 1994)......Page 2585
21. President George W. Bush's 9/11 Address to the Nation (September 11, 2001)......Page 2588
22. Pope John Paul II's Speech to 12 U.S. Cardinals on the Sex Abuse Scandal in the American Catholic Church (April 23, 2002)......Page 2589
23. Bill Cosby's "Pound Cake Speech," an Address to the NAACP's Gala to Commemorate the Fiftieth Anniversary of Brown v. Board of Education (May 17, 2004)......Page 2591
24. Karl Rove's Address to the Federalist Society (November 10, 2005)......Page 2594
Appendix 1: Map of the American States Following the Admission of Alaska and Hawaii in 1959......Page 2598
Appendix 2: Legal Public Holidays in the United States at the Start of the Twenty-First Century......Page 2600
Appendix 3: Population of the United States by Decade, 1940–2000......Page 2602
Appendix 4: Presidents of the United States, 1940–2005......Page 2603
Appendix 5: Vice Presidents of the United States, 1940–2005......Page 2604
Appendix 6: Secretaries of State of the United States, 1940–2005......Page 2605
Appendix 7: Chief Justices of the U.S. Supreme Court, 1940–2005......Page 2606
Bibliography......Page 2608
A......Page 2618
B......Page 2620
C......Page 2622
D......Page 2626
E......Page 2627
F......Page 2629
G......Page 2631
H......Page 2632
I......Page 2634
J......Page 2635
L......Page 2636
M......Page 2638
N......Page 2641
O......Page 2642
P......Page 2643
R......Page 2645
S......Page 2647
T......Page 2651
U......Page 2652
W......Page 2653
Z......Page 2656
Editors and Contributors......Page 2658