The Greek and Hebrew Bible: Collected Essays on the Septuagint (Supplements to Vetus Testamentum)

THE GREEK AND HEBREW BIBLE: Collected Essays on the Septuagint......Page 4
Contents......Page 8
Preface......Page 12
Sources......Page 14
Editions of Textual Sources......Page 18
Periodicals, Reference Works, and Serials......Page 20
Bibliographical Abbreviations......Page 24
Other Abbreviations......Page 39
I. General Studies......Page 40
2. The list......Page 42
3. The circumstances under which the alterations were inserted in the LXX......Page 46
4. Writing or alteration?......Page 47
5. The original language of the passages mentioned in the list......Page 48
6. The list of alterations and the original text of the LXX......Page 49
a. Translations deviating from MT based on Hebrew variants......Page 56
b. Translations deviating from MT arising either from Hebrew variants or from exegesis......Page 57
d. Greek equivalents which were misinterpreted by rabbinic tradition as differences between the LXX and the Hebrew text......Page 59
1. The four published fascicles......Page 62
2. The missing part of the edition......Page 64
3. The system of the edition......Page 65
4. Prefatory Note......Page 66
1. Background......Page 72
3. Nature and purpose of the Greek-Hebrew alignment......Page 73
4. Use of the database......Page 74
1. Formality......Page 77
2. Split representation......Page 78
3. Inversion......Page 79
4. Pluses and minuses......Page 80
5. Further details......Page 81
III. List of publications relating to the CATSS project......Page 82
1. Background......Page 84
2. Principles of search in the lemmatized Hebrew and Greek texts......Page 87
3. Principles of search for the unlemmatized MT/LXX tool......Page 90
I. Glosses in Greek and Latin texts from antiquity and the Middle Ages......Page 94
II. Marginal and interlinear glosses in the manuscripts of the Hebrew Bible?......Page 98
III. Reconstructed glosses in the textual witnesses of the Hebrew Bible......Page 103
1. 'Genuine' reconstructed glosses are rare......Page 104
2. Most reconstructed glosses actually are interpolations......Page 107
3. Most (reconstructed) interpolations were created at the stage of the literary development of the biblical books......Page 109
4. Interpolations (glosses) in Ezekiel?......Page 111
5. Other books......Page 113
IV. Conclusions......Page 114
5. Eine Tora für den König Talmai......Page 116
II. Lexicography......Page 124
1. The LXX and post-Septuagintal literature......Page 126
2. Lexicography and translation technique......Page 128
3. The LXX and pre-Septuagintal meanings......Page 132
4. The post-Septuagintal literature......Page 134
b. Importance of the LXX for the intertestamental literature......Page 136
c. Importance of the LXX for New Testament research......Page 137
e. Available lexical tools......Page 138
2. For whom is the dictionary intended?......Page 140
b. The aim of LXX lexicography with regard to the translated books......Page 141
4. The scope of the lexicon......Page 142
5. Sources for LXX lexicography......Page 147
b. External evidence......Page 148
6. Some remarks on the contents of the entries......Page 149
1. δικαίωμα......Page 150
2. The ὁμολογέω group......Page 156
3. ἐπιφανής......Page 162
4. ὀρθρίζω......Page 165
III. Translation Technique and Exegesis......Page 170
9. Compound Words in the Septuagint Representing Two or More Hebrew Words......Page 172
1. CWs in the LXX......Page 173
3. Representation of the Hebrew......Page 177
4. The approach of the translators to the use of CWs......Page 179
5. Neologisms......Page 180
6. Double representation......Page 182
7. The classified evidence......Page 183
I. CWs containing an attributive element......Page 184
a. More or less literal renderings......Page 185
b. Exegetical renderings......Page 186
II. CWs whose constituents are subordinated to each other......Page 187
a. More or less literal renderings......Page 188
III. CWs whose first constituent is a preposition (preverb)......Page 190
a. More or less literal renderings......Page 191
b. Exegetical renderings......Page 192
10. Midrash-Type Exegesis in the Septuagint of Joshua......Page 194
1. Midrash-type exegesis probably introduced by the translator......Page 196
2. Midrash-type exegesis either introduced by the translator or reflecting Hebrew variants......Page 199
11. Loan-words, Homophony, and Transliterations in the Septuagint......Page 206
1. Loan-words......Page 208
2. Homophony......Page 211
3. Transliteration......Page 215
α. Proper nouns......Page 216
β. Technical terms......Page 218
(γ) Unknown words......Page 220
Additional note: Transliterations corrupted to similar-looking Greek words......Page 222
12. The Impact of the Septuagint Translation of the Torah on the Translation of the Other Books......Page 224
1. Vocabulary......Page 225
a. Religion......Page 226
b. Legal terminology......Page 228
c. Central biblical terms......Page 229
d. Miscellaneous......Page 230
2. Lexicon......Page 232
3. Quotations and allusions......Page 233
4. Influence on the exegetical level......Page 234
13. The Representation of the Causative Aspects of the Hiphˁil in the Septuagint......Page 236
II. Causative suffixes......Page 237
2. -εύω......Page 238
6. -ίζω......Page 239
Additional note: Intransitive verbs used transitively in the LXX......Page 240
(1) ποιέω......Page 241
(2) Other verbs......Page 242
IV. Reversal of the causative action......Page 243
14. Did the Septuagint Translators Always Understand Their Hebrew Text?......Page 244
1. Untranslated words......Page 245
a. Recurring patterns......Page 246
b. Isolated instances......Page 250
3. Contextual manipulation......Page 251
4. Reliance on parallelism......Page 254
b. Repetition of the parallel word......Page 255
5. Employment of general words......Page 256
a. Root-linked renderings......Page 257
b. Etymological guesses......Page 258
15. Computer-Assisted Study of the Criteria for Assessing the Literalness of Translation Units in the Septuagint......Page 260
1. Hebr. ב - ἐν......Page 264
2. Hebr. כי - ὅti and διότι......Page 266
3. Hebr. ו- and יו- - αὐτός or ἑαυτός......Page 269
4. Prepositions added in the LXX in accordance with the rules of the Greek language or translation habits......Page 271
5. The relative frequency of the post-position particles δέ, μέν, οὖν, and τε in relation to καί......Page 273
6. Conclusion......Page 275
16. The Nature and Study of the Translation Technique of the Septuagint......Page 280
1. Background......Page 288
2......Page 293
1. Introduction......Page 298
2. Theological exegesis in the LXX......Page 300
a. Individual equivalents......Page 301
b. Addition of details pertaining to the religious background......Page 305
c. Messianic interpretations.......Page 307
e. Anti-anthropomorphic renderings......Page 308
3. Limitations......Page 309
IV. The Septuagint and the Textual Criticism of the Hebrew Bible......Page 312
19. The Textual Affiliations of 4QSama......Page 314
1. Support of the Qumran scrolls to the credibility of retroverting......Page 326
2. The recognition of a close relation between the LXX and specific Qumran scrolls......Page 332
3. The Qumran scrolls and the history of the biblical text......Page 340
1. Background......Page 342
3. Proper nouns......Page 344
5. The data......Page 347
Conclusions......Page 350
V. The Septuagint and the Literary Criticism of the Hebrew Bible......Page 354
22. Exegetical Notes on the Hebrew Vorlage of the Septuagint of Jeremiah 27 (34)......Page 356
1. The reconstruction......Page 358
2. Chapter 27 according to the LXX (ed. I) and MT (ed. II)......Page 359
1. Approaches to the origin of the short version......Page 374
2. Methodology......Page 376
3. The texts......Page 377
a. Linguistic versus exegetical rendering......Page 382
c. Quantitative representation......Page 384
e. Internal consistency......Page 385
f. Adherence to the general vocabulary of the LXX......Page 386
g. Hebraisms in the translation......Page 387
h. The argument from translation technique......Page 389
5. The two versions underlying 1 Samuel 17-18......Page 392
6. The composition of the Masoretic version of 1 Samuel 16-18......Page 395
Appendix A: Shorter minuses in the LXX of 1 Samuel 17-18......Page 398
Appendix Β: Variant readings reflected in the LXX of 1 Samuel 17-18......Page 399
Appendix C: Pluses in the LXX of 1 Samuel 17-18......Page 402
1. The two editions of Jeremiah......Page 404
2. The nature of the added layer of edition II (MT)......Page 406
i. Addition of headings to prophecies......Page 407
iii. Addition of new verses and sections......Page 408
iv. Addition of new details......Page 409
v. Free rewriting......Page 412
i. Clarification......Page 413
ii. Homogenizing additions......Page 415
iii. Contextual clarifications......Page 418
iv. Amplified formulas......Page 419
i. Peculiar words and expressions......Page 421
ii. Resumptive repetition ('Wiederaufnahme')......Page 422
c. The tendencies of edition II......Page 423
3. The postexilic date of edition II......Page 424
25. The Growth of the Book of Joshua in Light of the Evidence of the Septuagint......Page 426
1. Additions of MT whose secondary nature is evident from the context......Page 430
2. Additions in MT whose secondary nature is evident from their formulation......Page 431
4. Harmonizing additions......Page 432
7. Substantial additions......Page 433
9. Influence of Deuteronomy......Page 435
1. Ezek 7:3-9......Page 438
2. Minuses and pluses......Page 440
a. Contextually secondary elements......Page 442
b. Addition of parallel words and phrases......Page 444
d. Contextual clarification......Page 445
e. Harmonizing pluses......Page 446
f. Emphasis......Page 447
h. Deuteronomistic formulations......Page 448
3. Chapter 36 in P. Chester Beatty 967......Page 449
4. Conclusion......Page 451
1. Josh 8:30-35......Page 452
2. 1 Kgs 8:12-13......Page 454
3. Num 10:34-36......Page 455
4. Jer 23:7-8......Page 456
6. 1 Kings 20-21......Page 457
8. Jeremiah 46-51......Page 458
9. Ezek 7:3-9......Page 459
28. Recensional Differences between the Masoretic Text and the Septuagint of Proverbs......Page 460
1. Translational factors......Page 461
2. Text-critical evaluation......Page 465
3. Conclusion......Page 472
1. Introduction......Page 474
a. The position of the Song of Hannah (1 Sam 1:28; 2:11)......Page 475
b. 1 Sam 1:24, 25, 28; 2:11: the dramatis persona(e) during the third visit to Shiloh......Page 477
d. 1 Sam 2:2......Page 482
e. 1 Sam 2:8......Page 483
f. 1 Sam 2:9......Page 485
g. 1 Sam 2:10......Page 489
3. Conclusions......Page 493
VI. Revisions of the Septuagint......Page 498
1. The texts......Page 500
2. The nature of text contained in P. Giessen......Page 506
3. P.G. and the LXX......Page 507
α. P.G. brought the Old Greek into conformity with MT......Page 508
β. P.G. aimed at a greater consistency than the Old Greek ad loc.......Page 509
γ. P.G. revised the Old Greek in various other ways......Page 510
a. Synonymous renderings of P.G. and the Old Greek......Page 512
5. A Samaritan text?......Page 513
6. The relation between P.G. and individual manuscripts of the LXX......Page 515
7. Character of the revision......Page 516
31. Lucian and Proto-Lucian—Toward a New Solution of the Problem......Page 518
APPENDIX: SOME CATEGORIES OF PROTO-LUCIANIC READINGS REFLECTED IN MANUSCRIPTS BOC2E2 IN REIGNS......Page 526
32. The Methodology of Textual Criticism in Jewish Greek Scriptures, with Special Attention to the Problems in Samuel-Kings—The State of the Question......Page 530
1. The unity of 1-4 Reigns......Page 531
2. The relationship between the kaige-Th sections in Reigns and other witnesses of kaige-Th......Page 533
3. The characteristic features of kaige-Th......Page 534
4. The relationship between Aquila, Symmachus, and kaige-Th......Page 535
5. Manuscripts boc2e2, the OG, Lucian, and proto-Lucian......Page 536
7. The synoptic problem of the Greek texts of 1-4 Reigns and 1-2 Paralipomena......Page 537
9. Text and midrash in the third book of Reigns......Page 539
1. Background......Page 542
2. Theodotion......Page 544
3. Classification......Page 545
a. Words left untranslated apparently because they were unknown......Page 548
b. Translations of unknown or difficult words probably understood as proper nouns......Page 550
a. Transliterations of probably unknown words transmitted as Th......Page 551
c. Transliterations of unknown words, transmitted as collective readings......Page 553
34. Une inscription grecque d'origine samaritaine trouvée à Thessalonique......Page 554
a. L'inscription présente un texte révisé des LXX, plus proche d'un texte hébreu, parfois différent du TM......Page 556
b. L'inscription remplace des mots des LXX par des synonymes......Page 558
35. The Relation between the Greek Versions of Baruch and Daniel......Page 560
2. Baruch = Daniel-Th ≠ Daniel-LXX......Page 562
3. Baruch ≠ Daniel-Th = Daniel-LXX......Page 564
4. Baruch ≠ Daniel-Th ≠ Daniel-LXX......Page 565
36. The Textual History of the Song of Deborah in the A Text of the Septuagint......Page 568
37. The 'Lucianic' Text of the Canonical and Apocryphal Sections of Esther: A Rewritten Biblical Book......Page 576
I. The dependence of L upon the LXX......Page 577
II. The relationship between L and the LXX......Page 579
III. The Hebrew text underlying L......Page 580
IV. The nature of the Additions in L......Page 582
38. The Septuagint Additions ('Miscellanies') in 1 Kings 2 (3 Reigns 2)......Page 590
Back Matter......Page 612