The Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949. Commentary. Volume IV: Relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War.

COVER PAGE......Page 1
TITLE PAGE......Page 3
CONTENTS......Page 5
INTRODUCTION......Page 31
TITLE OF THE CONVENTION......Page 38
PREAMBLE......Page 39
ARTICLE 1. - RESPECT FOR THE CONVENTION......Page 43
ARTICLE 2. - APPLICATION OF THE CONVENTION......Page 45
ARTICLE 3. - CONFLICTS NOT OF AN INTERNATIONAL CHARACTER......Page 53
ARTICLE 4. - DEFINITION OF PROTECTED PERSONS......Page 73
ARTICLE 5. - DEROGATIONS......Page 80
ARTICLE 6. - BEGINNING AND END OF APPLICATION......Page 86
ARTICLE 7. - SPECIAL AGREEMENTS......Page 92
ARTICLE 8. - NON-RENUNCIATION OF RIGHTS......Page 100
ARTICLE 9. - PROTECTING POWERS......Page 108
ARTICLE 10. - ACTIVITIES OF THE INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE OF THE RED CROSS......Page 121
ARTICLE 11. - SUBSTITUTES FOR PROTECTING POWERS......Page 127
ARTICLE 12. - CONCILIATION PROCEDURE......Page 141
ARTICLE 13. - FIELD OF APPLICATION OF PART II......Page 146
ARTICLE 14. - HOSPITAL AND SAFETY ZONES AND LOCALITIES......Page 147
ARTICLE 15. - NEUTRALIZED ZONES......Page 156
ARTICLE 16. - WOUNDED AND SICK: GENERAL PROTECTION......Page 161
ARTICLE 17. - EVACUATION......Page 165
ARTICLE 18. - PROTECTION OF CIVILIAN HOSPITALS......Page 169
ARTICLE 19. - DISCONTINUANCE OF PROTECTION OF HOSPITALS......Page 182
ARTICLE 20. - HOSPITAL STAFF......Page 184
ARTICLE 21. - LAND AND SEA TRANSPORT......Page 197
ARTICLE 22. - AIR TRANSPORT......Page 201
ARTICLE 23. - CONSIGNMENTS OF MEDICAL SUPPLIES, FOOD AND CLOTHING......Page 205
ARTICLE 24. - MEASURES RELATING TO CHILD WELFARE......Page 212
ARTICLE 25. - FAMILY NEWS......Page 218
ARTICLE 26. - DISPERSED FAMILIES......Page 223
ARTICLE 27. - TREATMENT : GENERAL OBSERVATIONS......Page 227
ARTICLE 28. - DANGER ZONES......Page 236
ARTICLE 29. - RESPONSIBILITIES......Page 237
ARTICLE 30. - APPLICATION TO PROTECTING POWERS AND RELIEF ORGANIZATIONS......Page 241
ARTICLE 31. - PROHIBITION OF COERCION......Page 247
ARTICLE 32. - PROHIBITION OF CORPORAL PUNISHMENT, TORTURE, ETC.......Page 249
ARTICLE 33. - INDIVIDUAL RESPONSIBILITY - COLLECTIVE PENALTIES - PILLAGE - REPRISALS......Page 252
ARTICLE 34. - HOSTAGES......Page 257
SECTION II - ALIENS WITHIN THE TERRITORY OF A PARTY TO THE CONFLICT......Page 260
ARTICLE 35. - RIGHT TO LEAVE THE TERRITORY......Page 261
ARTICLE 36. - METHOD OF REPATRIATION......Page 267
ARTICLE 37. - PERSONS IN CONFINEMENT......Page 270
ARTICLE 38. - NON-REPATRIATED PERSONS......Page 271
ARTICLE 39. - MEANS OF EXISTENCE......Page 277
ARTICLE 40. - EMPLOYMENT......Page 281
ARTICLE 41. - ASSIGNED RESIDENCE. INTERNMENT......Page 283
ARTICLE 42. - GROUNDS FOR INTERNMENT OR ASSIGNED RESIDENCE. VOLUNTARY INTERNMENT......Page 285
ARTICLE 43. - PROCEDURE......Page 287
ARTICLE 44. - REFUGEES......Page 290
ARTICLE 45. - TRANSFER TO ANOTHER POWER......Page 293
ARTICLE 46. - CANCELLATION OF RESTRICTIVE MEASURES......Page 298
ARTICLE 47. - INVIOLABILITY OF RIGHTS......Page 300
ARTICLE 48. - SPECIAL CASES OF REPATRIATION......Page 304
ARTICLE 49. - DEPORTATIONS, TRANSFERS, EVACUATIONS......Page 305
ARTICLE 50. - CHILDREN......Page 312
ARTICLE 51. - ENLISTMENT. LABOUR......Page 318
ARTICLE 52. - PROTECTION OF WORKERS......Page 327
ARTICLE 53. - PROHIBITED DESTRUCTION......Page 328
ARTICLE 54. - JUDGE AND PUBLIC OFFICIALS......Page 330
ARTICLE 55. - FOOD AND MEDICAL SUPPLIES FOR THE POPULATION......Page 337
ARTICLE 56. - HYGIENE AND PUBLIC HEALTH......Page 340
ARTICLE 57. - REQUISITION OF HOSPITALS......Page 344
ARTICLE 58. - SPIRITUAL ASSISTANCE......Page 346
ARTICLE 59. - RELIEF : COLLECTIVE RELIEF......Page 347
ARTICLE 60. - RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE OCCUPYING POWER......Page 351
ARTICLE 61. - DISTRIBUTION......Page 352
ARTICLE 62. - INDIVIDUAL RELIEF......Page 356
ARTICLE 63. - NATIONAL RED CROSS AND OTHER RELIEF SOCIETIES......Page 358
ARTICLE 64. - PENAL LEGISLATION: I. GENERAL OBSERVATIONS......Page 362
ARTICLE 65. - PENAL LEGISLATION: II. PUBLICATION, NON-RETROACTIVITY......Page 366
ARTICLE 66. - PENAL LEGISLATION: III. COMPETENT COURTS......Page 367
ARTICLE 67. - PENAL LEGISLATION: IV. APPLICABLE PROVISIONS......Page 369
ARTICLE 68. - PENAL LEGISLATION: V. PENALTIES. DEATH PENALTY......Page 370
ARTICLE 69. - PENAL LEGISLATION: VI. DEDUCTION FROM SENTENCE OF PERIOD SPENT UNDER ARREST......Page 375
ARTICLE 70. - PENAL LEGISLATION: VII. OFFENCES COMMITTED BEFORE OCCUPATION......Page 376
ARTICLE 71. - PENAL PROCEDURE: I. GENERAL OBSERVATIONS......Page 380
ARTICLE 72. - PENAL PROCEDURE: II. RIGHT OF DEFENCE......Page 384
ARTICLE 73. - PENAL PROCEDURE: III. RIGHT OF APPEAL......Page 386
ARTICLE 74. - PENAL PROCEDURE: IV. ASSISTANCE BY THE PROTECTING POWER......Page 387
ARTICLE 75. - PENAL PROCEDURE: V. DEATH SENTENCE......Page 389
ARTICLE 76. - TREATMENT OF DETAINEES......Page 391
ARTICLE 77. - HANDING OVER OF DETAINEES AT THE CLOSE OF OCCUPATION......Page 394
ARTICLE 78. - SECURITY MEASURES. INTERNMENT AND ASSIGNED RESIDENCE. RIGHT OF APPEAL......Page 395
SECTION IV - REGULATIONS FOR THE TREATMENT OF INTERNEES......Page 398
ARTICLE 79. - CASES OF INTERNMENT AND APPLICABLE PROVISIONS......Page 399
ARTICLE 80. - CIVIL CAPACITY......Page 402
ARTICLE 81. - MAINTENANCE......Page 405
ARTICLE 82. - GROUPING OF INTERNEES......Page 407
ARTICLE 83. - LOCATION OF PLACES OF INTERNMENT. MARKING OF CAMPS......Page 410
ARTICLE 84. - SEPARATE INTERNMENT......Page 412
ARTICLE 85. - ACCOMMODATION. - HYGIENE......Page 413
ARTICLE 87. - CANTEENS......Page 416
ARTICLE 88. - AIR RAID SHELTERS. - PROTECTIVE MEASURES......Page 419
ARTICLE 89. - FOOD......Page 420
ARTICLE 90. - CLOTHING......Page 424
ARTICLE 91. - MEDICAL ATTENTION......Page 426
ARTICLE 92. - MEDICAL INSPECTIONS......Page 430
ARTICLE 93. - RELIGIOUS DUTIES......Page 431
ARTICLE 94. - RECREATION, STUDY, SPORTS AND GAMES......Page 437
ARTICLE 95. - WORKING CONDITIONS......Page 441
ARTICLE 96. - LABOUR DETACHMENTS......Page 445
ARTICLE 97. - VALUABLES AND PERSONAL EFFECTS......Page 447
ARTICLE 98. - FINANCIAL RESOURCES AND INDIVIDUAL ACCOUNTS......Page 452
ARTICLE 99. - CAMP ADMINISTRATION. POSTING OF THE CONVENTION AND OF ORDERS......Page 456
ARTICLE 100 - GENERAL DISCIPLINE......Page 459
ARTICLE 101. - COMPLAINTS AND PETITIONS......Page 461
ARTICLE 102. - INTERNEE COMMITTEES : I. ELECTION OF MEMBERS......Page 465
ARTICLE 103. - INTERNEE COMMITTEES: II. DUTIES......Page 468
ARTICLE 104. - INTERNEE COMMITTEES: III. PREROGATIVES......Page 470
ARTICLE 105. - NOTIFICATION OF THE MEASURES TAKEN......Page 473
ARTICLE 106. - INTERNMENT CARD......Page 474
ARTICLE 107. - CORRESPONDENCE......Page 476
ARTICLE 108. - RELIEF SHIPMENTS: I. GENERAL PRINCIPLES......Page 480
ARTICLE 109. - RELIEF SHIPMENTS: II. COLLECTIVE RELIEF......Page 484
ARTICLE 110. - RELIEF SHIPMENTS: III. EXEMPTION FROM POSTAL AND TRANSPORT CHARGES......Page 486
ARTICLE 111. - SPECIAL MEANS OF TRANSPORT......Page 492
ARTICLE 112. - CENSORSHIP AND EXAMINATION......Page 497
ARTICLE 113 - EXECUTION AND TRANSMISSION OF LEGAL DOCUMENTS......Page 499
ARTICLE 114. - MANAGEMENT OF PROPERTY......Page 501
ARTICLE 116. - VISITS......Page 502
ARTICLE 117. - GENERAL PROVISIONS. APPLICABLE LEGISLATION......Page 504
ARTICLE 118. - PENALTIES......Page 506
ARTICLE 119. - DISCIPLINARY PUNISHMENTS......Page 509
ARTICLE 120. - ESCAPES......Page 512
ARTICLE 121. - CONNECTED OFFENCES......Page 514
ARTICLE 122. - INVESTIGATIONS. CONFINEMENT AWAITING HEARING......Page 516
ARTICLE 123. - COMPETENT AUTHORITIES. PROCEDURE......Page 517
ARTICLE 124. - PREMISES FOR DISCIPLINARY PUNISHMENTS......Page 521
ARTICLE 125. - ESSENTIAL SAFEGUARDS......Page 522
ARTICLE 126. - PROVISIONS APPLICABLE TO JUDICIAL PROCEEDINGS......Page 525
ARTICLE 127. - CONDITIONS......Page 526
ARTICLE 128. - METHOD......Page 530
ARTICLE 129. - WILLS. DEATH CERTIFICATES......Page 531
ARTICLE 130. - BURIAL. CREMATION......Page 533
ARTICLE 131. - INTERNEES KILLED OR INJURED IN SPECIAL CIRCUMSTANCES......Page 536
ARTICLE 132. - DURING HOSTILITIES OR OCCUPATION......Page 538
ARTICLE 133. - RELEASE AFTER THE CLOSE OF HOSTILITIES......Page 542
ARTICLE 134. - REPATRIATION AND RETURN TO LAST PLACE OF RESIDENCE......Page 544
ARTICLE 135. - COSTS......Page 545
SECTION V - INFORMATION BUREAUX AND CENTRAL AGENCY......Page 549
ARTICLE 136. - NATIONAL BUREAUX......Page 550
ARTICLE 137. - TRANSMISSION OF INFORMATION......Page 556
ARTICLE 138. - PARTICULARS REQUIRED......Page 561
ARTICLE 139. - FORWARDING OF PERSONAL VALUABLES......Page 565
ARTICLE 140. - CENTRAL AGENCY......Page 568
ARTICLE 141. - EXEMPTION FROM CHARGES......Page 578
ARTICLE 142. - RELIEF SOCIETIES AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS......Page 584
ARTICLE 143. - SUPERVISION......Page 594
ARTICLE 144. - DISSEMINATION OF THE CONVENTION......Page 608
ARTICLE 145. - TRANSLATIONS: RULES OF APPLICATION......Page 610
PENAL SANCTIONS - (ARTICLES 146 TO 148)......Page 611
ARTICLE 146. - PENAL SANCTIONS: GENERAL OBSERVATIONS......Page 617
ARTICLE 147. - GRAVE BREACHES......Page 624
ARTICLE 148. - RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE CONTRACTING PARTIES......Page 630
ARTICLE 149. - ENQUIRY PROCEDURE......Page 631
ARTICLE 150. - LANGUAGES......Page 635
ARTICLE 151. - SIGNATURE......Page 637
ARTICLE 152. - RATIFICATION......Page 638
ARTICLE 154. - RELATION WITH THE HAGUE CONVENTIONS......Page 641
ARTICLE 155. - ACCESSION......Page 649
ARTICLE 157. - IMMEDIATE EFFECT......Page 650
ARTICLE 158. - DENUNCIATION......Page 651
ARTICLE 159. - REGISTRATION WITH THE UNITED NATIONS......Page 654
ANNEX I - DRAFT AGREEMENT RELATING TO HOSPITAL ANDSAFETY ZONES AND LOCALITIES......Page 655
ANNEX II - DRAFT REGULATIONS CONCERNING COLLECTIVE RELIEFFOR CIVILIAN INTERNEES......Page 668
ANNEX III - MODEL INTERNMENT CARDS, LETTERSAND CORRESPONDENCE CARDS......Page 674
RESOLUTIONS OF THE DIPLOMATIC CONFERENCE OF GENEVA, 1949......Page 679
BIBLIOGRAPHY......Page 683