The Fundamentals of Piping Design: Drafting and Design Methods for Process Applications

Front Matter......Page 1
Appendix B: General Engineering Data......Page 0
Table of Contents......Page 3
1.1 Introduction......Page 8
1.2 Definitions......Page 9
1.3.1 American Society of Mechanical Engineers Boiler Pressure Vessel Codes......Page 10
1.3.1.2 ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code......Page 11
1.3.2 American Society of Mechanical Engineers B31, Codes for Pressure Piping......Page 21
1.3.2.3 B31.3, Process Piping......Page 22
1.3.2.5 B31.5, Refrigeration Piping and Heat Transfer Components......Page 23
1.3.2.6 B31.8, Gas Transmission and Distribution Piping Systems......Page 24
1.3.2.9 B31.11, Slurry Transportation Piping Systems......Page 25
1.3.2.11 B31.3, Process Piping......Page 26
1.4 Standards and Specifications......Page 31
1.4.1 American Society of Mechanical Engineers......Page 33
1.4.1.2 B16.5, 2003, Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings: NPS ½ through 24 (Scope)......Page 34
1.4.1.6 B16.20, 1998, Metallic Gaskets for Pipe Flanges: Ring Joint Spiral Wound and Jacketed (Scope)......Page 35
1.4.1.11 B16.47, 1996, Large Diameter Steel Flanges (Scope)......Page 36
1.4.2 American Petroleum Institute......Page 37
1.4.3 American Society for Testing and Materials......Page 39
1.4.5 American Society for Quality......Page 46
1.4.6 American Welding Society......Page 47
1.4.7.1 Ductile-Iron Pipe and Fittings......Page 48
1.4.8 Copper Development Association......Page 49
1.4.12 Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and Fittings Industry......Page 50
1.4.14 National Fire Protection Association......Page 52
1.4.15 Pipe Fabrication Institute......Page 53
1.4.16 Society of Automotive Engineers......Page 55
2. Piping Components......Page 56
2.1 Introduction to Piping Components......Page 57
2.2 Pipe......Page 58
2.2.1 Pipe Sizes......Page 69
2.2.1.1 Dimensional Specifications......Page 70
2.2.1.3 The Corrosion Allowance Increments......Page 73
2.2.2.1 Dimensional Standards for Pipe Ends......Page 74
2.3 Pipe Fittings......Page 77
2.3.1 Butt-Weld End Fittings......Page 79
2.3.2 Socket-Weld and Threaded-End Fittings......Page 80
2.3.3 Flanged Joints......Page 81
2.3.3.1 Weld Neck Flanges......Page 82
2.3.3.2 Socket-Weld Flanges......Page 83
2.3.3.3 Threaded Flanges......Page 84
2.3.3.6 Blind Flange......Page 85
2.3.3.7 Dimensional Standards for ASME Flanges......Page 86
2.4 Valves......Page 87
3. Metallic Materials for Piping Components......Page 121
3.1.1 Chemical Properties of Metals......Page 123
3.1.2.1 Ultimate Tensile Strength......Page 124
3.1.3.1 Hardness......Page 125
3.1.4 Physical Properties of Metals......Page 126
3.3 Alloying of Steel......Page 128
3.4.4 High-Tensile Steel......Page 131
3.4.5.1 Austenitic......Page 132
3.4.5.2 Martensitic......Page 133
3.4.5.4 Duplex Grades......Page 134
3.4.5.5 Precipitation Hardening Grades......Page 135
3.4.5.6 Super Stainless Steels......Page 136
3.5.1 Annealing......Page 137
3.6 Nonferrous Metals in Alloying......Page 138
3.7.1 American Society for Testing and Materials......Page 139
3.7.2 Unified Numbering System of Ferrous Metals and Alloys......Page 141
4. Roles and Responsibilities......Page 143
4.1 The Lead Piping Engineer......Page 144
4.2 Piping Materials Engineering Group......Page 145
4.2.1 Project Lead Piping Materials Engineer......Page 146
4.2.2 Senior Piping Materials Engineer......Page 147
4.3 Piping Design Group......Page 148
4.3.2 Project Piping CAD Coordinator......Page 149
4.3.3 Project Piping Designers-Checkers......Page 150
4.4 Piping Materials Control Group......Page 151
4.4.1 Project Lead Piping Materials Controller......Page 152
4.4.2 Project Piping Materials Controller......Page 153
4.5.2 Project Piping Stress Engineer......Page 154
4.6 Other Engineering Disciplines Involved......Page 156
4.6.1 Process Engineering......Page 157
4.6.1.1 Process Flow Diagram......Page 158
4.6.1.2 Process Engineering Diagrams......Page 159
4.6.2 Mechanical Engineering......Page 160
4.6.5 Structural Engineering......Page 161
5.1 Project Types......Page 163
5.2.2 Conception Phase......Page 166
5.2.3 Front-End Engineering Development Phase......Page 167
5.2.4 Detailed Engineering Phase......Page 168
5.2.5 Construction Phase......Page 172
5.2.7 Startup and Handover to the Owner......Page 175
6. Fabrication, Assembly, and Erection......Page 176
6.2 Fabrication Materials for Piping Systems......Page 177
6.3 Fabrication Drawings......Page 178
6.4.2 Beveling......Page 179
6.4.4 Bending......Page 180
6.4.4.3 Heat Treatment......Page 181
6.4.4.6 Assembly and Erection......Page 182
6.5 Welding......Page 183
6.5.1.1 Shielded Metal Arc Welding......Page 184
6.5.1.5 Gas Metal Arc Welding......Page 185
6.5.3 Heat Treatment......Page 186
6.7 Protection of Carbon Steel in Corrosive Services......Page 188
6.7.2 Internal Galvanizing of Pipe and Piping Systems......Page 189
6.8.1 Alignment......Page 191
6.8.3 Threaded Joints......Page 193
7.1 Piping Codes......Page 195
7.2 Types of Examination......Page 200
7.2.2 Liquid Penetrant Examination......Page 201
7.2.3 Magnetic Particle Examination......Page 202
7.2.4 Radiographic Examination......Page 203
7.3 Testing of Piping Systems......Page 204
7.3.1 Some Limitations on the Pressure Testing of Piping Systems......Page 205
7.4.1 Hydrostatic Leak Test......Page 206
7.4.3 Combination Hydrostatic-Pneumatic Leak Test......Page 208
7.5 Choice of Testing Medium......Page 209
7.7 Punch List......Page 210
A.1.1 Ferrous Metals......Page 212
A.1.2 Nonferrous Material......Page 216
A.2 American Petroleum Institute......Page 220
A......Page 233
B......Page 237
C......Page 238
D......Page 239
F......Page 240
G......Page 241
I......Page 242
M......Page 243
P......Page 244
R......Page 246
S......Page 247
U......Page 248
V......Page 249
Y......Page 250