The Foundations of Chinese Medicine: A Comprehensive Text, 3e

Front cover
Half title page
The Foundations of Chinese Medicine
Copyright page
Table of Contents
Preface
	Notes
Acknowledgements
Note on the translation of Chinese terms
	Notes
1 General Theory
	Introduction
	End Notes
	1 Yin–Yang
		Historical Development
		Nature of the Yin–Yang Concept
			Yin–Yang as two phases of a cyclical movement
			Yin–Yang as two states of density of matter
			Four aspects of Yin–Yang relationship
				The opposition of Yin and Yang
				The interdependence of Yin and Yang
				The mutual consuming of Yin and Yang
				The intertransformation of Yin and Yang
		Application of Yin–Yang to Medicine
			Yin–Yang and the body structures
				Back–front
				Head–body
				Exterior–Interior
				Above–below waist
				Posterior–lateral and anterior–medial surface of limbs
				Yang and Yin organs
				Function–structure of organs
				Qi–Blood
				Defensive Qi–Nutritive Qi
		Application of the Four Principles of Yin–Yang to Medicine
			Opposition of Yin–Yang
				Fire–Water
				Heat–Cold
				Redness–paleness
				Restless–quiet
				Dry–wet
				Hard–soft
				Excitement–inhibition
				Rapidity–slowness
				Substantial–non-substantial
				Transformation/change–conservation/storage/sustainment
			The interdependence of Yin and Yang
				Yin and Yang organs
				Structure and function of the organs
			The mutual consuming of Yin and Yang
				Balance of Yin and Yang
				Excess of Yin
				Excess of Yang
				Consumption of Yang
				Consumption of Yin
			The intertransformation of Yin and Yang
		Self-assessment questions
		End Notes
		Bibliography and further reading
	2 The Five Elements
		The Five Elements in Nature
			The Five Elements as basic qualities
			The Five Elements as movements
			The Five Elements as stages of a seasonal cycle
			The Five-Element interrelationships
				The Cosmological sequence
				The Generating sequence
				The Controlling sequence
				The Over-acting sequence
				The Insulting sequence
			The Five-Element correspondences
		The Five Elements in Chinese Medicine
			The Five Elements in physiology
				The Generating and Controlling sequences
				The Cosmological sequence
					Water as the foundation
					The relationship between Kidneys and Heart
					The Stomach and Spleen as the centre
					The Stomach and Spleen as support for the Heart
					The role of Earth in the cycle of seasons
					The vertical axis as symbol of Essence–Qi–Mind (Jing–Qi–Shen)
				The system of correspondences in Five-Element physiology
			The Five Elements in pathology
				The Over-acting sequence
				The insulting sequence
				The Generating sequence
			The Five Elements in diagnosis
				Colours
				Sounds
				Smells
				Emotions
				Tastes
				Tissues
				Sense orifices
				Climates
			The Five Elements in acupuncture treatment
				Treatment according to the various sequences
				Treatment according to the Five Transporting points
			The Five Elements in herbal and diet therapy
		Self-assessment questions
		End Notes
		Bibliography and further reading
	3 The Vital Substances
		The Concept of Qi in Chinese Philosophy
		The Concept of Qi in Chinese Medicine
			Essence
				Pre-Heaven Essence
				Post-Heaven Essence
				The Kidney-Essence
					Growth, reproduction and development
					The Essence as basis of Kidney-Qi
					The Essence produces Marrow
					The Essence as the basis of constitutional strength
					The Essence as the basis for the ‘Three Treasures’
			Qi
				Original Qi (Yuan Qi)
					Motive force
					Basis of Kidney-Qi
					Facilitates the transformation of Qi
					Conduit for the Triple Burner
					Facilitates the transformation of Blood
					Comes out at the Source points
				Food-Qi (Gu Qi)
				Gathering Qi (Zong Qi)
				True Qi (Zhen Qi)
					Nutritive Qi (Ying Qi)
					Defensive Qi (Wei Qi)
					Nutritive versus Defensive Qi
				Central Qi (Zhong Qi)
				Upright Qi (Zheng Qi)
				Functions of Qi
					Transforming
					Transporting
					Holding
					Raising
					Protecting
					Warming
				Direction of Qi movement
					Lungs
					Liver
					Kidneys
					Spleen–Stomach
					Heart–Kidneys
				Pathology of Qi
					Qi deficient
					Qi sinking
					Qi stagnant
					Qi rebellious
			Blood
				Source of Blood
				Functions of Blood
				Relation of Blood with internal organs
					Heart
					Spleen
					Liver
					Lungs
					Kidneys
				Blood–Qi relationship
					Qi generates Blood
					Qi moves Blood
					Qi holds the Blood
					Blood nourishes Qi
				Blood–Essence relationship
				Blood pathology
					Blood deficiency
					Blood Heat
					Blood stasis
			Body Fluids
				Source
				Relations with internal organs
					Spleen
					Lungs
					Kidneys
					Small Intestine
					Bladder
					Triple Burner
					Stomach
				Types of Body Fluids
					Fluids (Jin)
					Liquids (Ye)
				Relation between Qi and Body Fluids
				Relationship between Blood and Body Fluids
				Pathology of body fluids
			Mind (Shen)
		Self-assessment questions
		End Notes
		Bibliography and further reading
	4 The Transformations of Qi
		The Original Qi as the Motive Force for the Transformation of Qi
		The Fire of the Gate of Life as the Warmth for the Transformation of Qi
		The Dynamics and Physiology of the Transformation of Qi
			The Qi Mechanism
				Ascending–descending of Qi
				Entering–exiting of Qi
					Channels
					Space between skin and muscles
					Triple Burner cavities
					Joints
					Fat Tissue (Gao)
					Membranes (Huang)
					Bones
					Mind-Spirit (Shen)
			The Stomach and Spleen as the central axis
			The Liver and Lungs as the outer wheel
			The Heart and Kidneys as the root
		The Triple Burner’s Transformation of Qi
		Pathology of Qi Transformation
			Stomach and Spleen
			Liver and Lungs
			Heart and Kidneys
		Self-assessment questions
		End Notes
2 The Functions of the Internal Organs
	1 The Functions of the Yin Organs
		Introduction
		5 The Functions of the Internal Organs – Introduction
			The Internal Organs and the Vital Substances
			The Internal Organs and the Tissues
			The Internal Organs and the Sense Organs
			The Internal Organs and the Emotions
			The Internal Organs and the Spiritual Aspects
			The Internal Organs and Climates
			The External Manifestations of the Internal Organs
			The Internal Organs and the Fluids
			The Internal Organs and the Odours
			The Internal Organs and the Colours
			The Internal Organs and the Tastes
			The Internal Organs and the Sounds
			Yin (Zang) and Yang (Fu) Organs
			Self-assessment questions
			End Notes
			Bibliography and further reading
		6 The Functions of the Heart
			Functions of the Heart
				The Heart governs Blood
				The Heart controls the blood vessels
				The Heart manifests in the complexion
				The Heart houses the Mind
					The Mind of the Heart
					The Five Spiritual Aspects
				The Heart is related to joy
				The Heart opens into the tongue
				The Heart controls sweat
			Other Heart Relationships
				The smell of the Heart is scorched
				The colour of the Heart is red
				The taste of the Heart is bitter
				The climate of the Heart is heat
				The sound of the Heart is laughing
			Dreams
			Sayings
				‘The Heart loathes heat’
				‘The Heart controls speech’
			Self-assessment questions
			End Notes
			Further reading
		7 The Functions of the Liver
			Functions of the Liver
				The Liver stores Blood
					The Liver regulates the volume of Blood in the body
					Liver-Blood regulates menstruation
					Liver-Blood moistens eyes and sinews
				The Liver ensures the smooth flow of Qi
					Smooth flow of Liver-Qi in relation to the emotional state
					Smooth flow of Liver-Qi assists digestion
					The smooth flow of Liver-Qi ensures flow of bile
				The Liver controls the sinews
				The Liver manifests in the nails
				The Liver opens into the eyes
				The Liver controls tears
				The Liver houses the Ethereal Soul
				The Liver is affected by anger
			Other Liver Relationships
				The Liver’s smell is rancid
				The Liver’s colour is green
				The Liver’s taste is sour
				The Liver’s climate is wind
				The Liver’s sound is shouting
			Dreams
			Sayings
				‘The Liver is a resolute organ’
				‘The Liver influences rising and growth’
				‘The Liver controls planning’
				‘The Liver is a regulating, balancing and harmonizing organ’
				‘The Liver loathes wind’
				‘The Liver can cause convulsions’
				‘The Liver arises from the left side’
			Self-assessment questions
			End Notes
			Further reading
		8 The Functions of the Lungs
			The Functions of the Lungs
				The Lungs govern Qi and respiration
				The Lungs control channels and blood vessels
				The Lungs control the diffusing and descending of Qi
					The diffusing of Qi and fluids
					The descending of Qi
				The Lungs regulate all physiological activities
				The Lungs regulate Water passages
				The Lungs control the skin and the space between skin and muscles (Cou li space)
				The Lungs manifest in the body hair
				The Lungs open into the nose
				The Lungs control nasal mucus
				The Lungs house the Corporeal Soul
				The Lungs are affected by worry, grief and sadness
			Other Lung Relationships
				The smell of the Lungs is rotten
				The colour of the Lungs is white
				The taste of the Lungs is pungent
				The climate of the Lungs is dryness
				The sound of the Lungs is weeping
			Dreams
			Sayings
				‘The Lungs govern the 100 vessels’
				‘The Lungs loathe cold’
				‘The Lungs govern the voice’
				‘The Lungs are a delicate organ’
			Self-assessment questions
			End Notes
			Further reading
		9 The Functions of the Spleen
			The Functions of the Spleen
				The Spleen governs transformation and transportation
					The Spleen’s transformation and transportation of food essences and Qi
					The Spleen’s transformation and transportation of fluids
				The Spleen controls the ascending of Qi
					The ascending of Spleen-Qi in relation to Qi, food essences and fluids
					The ascending of Spleen-Qi in relation to the ‘lifting’ of organs
				The Spleen controls Blood
				The Spleen controls the muscles and the four limbs
				The Spleen opens into the mouth
				The Spleen manifests in the lips
				The Spleen controls saliva
				The Spleen controls the raising of Qi
				The Spleen houses the Intellect
				The Spleen is affected by pensiveness
			Other Spleen Relationships
				Its smell is fragrant
				Its colour is yellow
				Its taste is sweet
				Its climate is Dampness
				Its sound is singing
			Dreams
			Sayings
				‘The Spleen governs the four limbs’
				‘The Spleen transforms fluids for the Stomach’
				‘The Spleen is the Root of Post-Heaven Qi’
				‘The Spleen is the origin of birth and development’
				‘The Spleen raises the clear (Yang) upwards’
				‘The Spleen loathes Dampness’
				‘The Spleen likes dryness’
			Self-assessment questions
			End Notes
			Further reading
		10 The Functions of the Kidneys
			The functions of the Kidneys
				The Kidneys store Essence and govern birth, growth, reproduction and development
				The Kidneys produce Marrow, fill up the brain and control bones
				The Kidneys govern Water
				The Kidneys control the reception of Qi
				The Kidneys open into the ears
				The Kidneys manifest in the hair
				The Kidneys control spittle
				The Kidneys control the two lower orifices
				The Kidneys house Will-power
				The Kidneys control the Gate of Life (Ming Men)
					It is the Root of the Original Qi (Yuan Qi)
					It is the source of (physiological) Fire for all the Internal Organs
					It warms the Lower Burner and Bladder
					It warms the Stomach and Spleen to aid digestion
					It harmonizes the sexual function and warms the Essence and Uterus
					It assists the Kidney function of reception of Qi
					It assists the Heart function of housing the Mind
			Other Kidney relationships
				Their smell is putrid
				Their colour is black
				Their taste is salty
				Their climate is cold
				Their sound is groaning
			Dreams
			Sayings
				‘The Kidneys control opening and closing’
				‘The Kidneys control strength and skill’
				‘The Kidneys are the Root of Pre-Heaven Qi’
				‘The Kidneys loathe dryness’
				‘The Kidneys are the Gate of the Stomach’
			Self-assessment questions
			End Notes
			Further reading
		11 The Functions of the Pericardium
			The Pericardium as an organ
			The Pericardium as a channel
			The Pericardium and the Mind-Spirit
			Relationship between the Pericardium and the Minister Fire
			Relationship between the Pericardium and the Uterus
			Self-assessment questions
			End Notes
		12 Yin Organ Interrelationships
			Heart and Lungs
			Heart and Liver
			Heart and Kidneys
				The mutual assistance of Fire and Water
				The common root of Mind (Shen) and Essence (Jing)
				The interrelationship of Heart and Kidneys in the menstrual cycle
			Liver and Lungs
				The relationship between Lung-Qi and Liver-Blood
				The relationship between the descending of Lung-Qi and the ascending of Liver-Qi
			Liver and Spleen
			Liver and Kidneys
			Spleen and Lungs
			Spleen and Kidneys
			Lungs and Kidneys
				The relationship between Lungs and Kidneys with regard to Qi
				The relationship between Lungs and Kidneys with regard to fluids
			Spleen and Heart
			Self-assessment questions
				Heart and Lungs
				Heart and Liver
				Heart and Kidneys
				Liver and Lungs
				Liver and Spleen
				Liver and Kidneys
				Spleen and Lungs
				Spleen and Kidneys
				Lungs and Kidneys
				Spleen and Heart
			End Notes
	2 The Functions of the Yang Organs
		Introduction
			1. The Functions of the Stomach
			2. The Functions of the Small Intestine
			3. The Functions of the Large Intestine
			4. The Functions of the Gall Bladder
			5. The Functions of the Bladder
			6. The Functions of the Triple Burner
		13 The Functions of the Stomach
			The Stomach Controls Receiving
			The Stomach Controls The ‘Rotting and Ripening’ Of Food
			The Stomach Controls the Transportation of Food Essences
			The Stomach Controls the Descending of Qi
			The Stomach is the Origin of Fluids
			Other Aspects of the Stomach
				Mental aspect
				Dreams
				Relationship with the Spleen
			Self-assessment questions
			End Notes
		14 The Functions of the Small Intestine
			The Small Intestine Controls Receiving and Transforming
			The Small Intestine Separates Fluids
			Other Aspects of the Small Intestine
				Mental aspect
				Dreams
				Relationship with the Heart
			Self-assessment questions
			End Notes
		15 The Functions of the Large Intestine
			The Large Intestine Controls Passage and Conduction
			The Large Intestine Transforms Stools and Reabsorbs Fluids
			Other Aspects of the Large Intestine
				Mental aspect
				Dreams
				Relationship with the Lungs
			Self-assessment questions
			End Notes
		16 Functions of the Gall Bladder
			The Gall Bladder Stores and Excretes Bile
			The Gall Bladder Controls Decisiveness
			The Gall Bladder Controls the Sinews
			Other Aspects of the Gall Bladder
				Mental aspect
				Dreams
				Relationship with the Liver
			Self-assessment questions
			End Notes
		17 The Functions of the Bladder
			The Bladder Removes Water by Qi Transformation
			Other Aspects of the Bladder
				Mental aspect
				Dreams
				Relationship with the Kidneys
			Self-assessment questions
			End Notes
		18 The Functions of the Triple Burner
			Functions of the Triple Burner
				The Triple Burner mobilizes the Original Qi (Yuan Qi)
				The Triple Burner controls the transportation and penetration of Qi
				The Triple Burner controls the Water passages and the excretion of fluids
			Four Views of the Triple Burner
				The Triple Burner as one of the six Yang organs
				The Triple Burner as a ‘mobilizer of the Original Qi’ (Yuan Qi)
				The Triple Burner as the three divisions of the body
					The Upper Burner is like a mist
					The Middle Burner is like a maceration chamber
					The Lower Burner is like a ditch
				The Triple Burner as body cavities
			Other Aspects of the Triple Burner
				Mental aspect
				Dreams
				Relationship with the Pericardium
			Self-assessment questions
			End Notes
	3 The Functions of the Six Extraordinary Yang Organs
		Introduction
		19 The Functions of the Six Extraordinary Yang Organs (the Four Seas)
			The Uterus
				Relationship with the Directing and Penetrating Vessels
				Relationship with Internal Organs
					Kidneys
					Heart
					Spleen
					Liver
					Stomach
				The Uterus regulates menstruation
				The Uterus houses the fetus during pregnancy
				Men
			The Brain
				The Brain controls intelligence
				The Brain is the Sea of Marrow and controls sight, hearing, smell and taste
			Marrow
				Marrow fills the bones
				Marrow contributes to making Blood
				Marrow nourishes the Brain
			The Bones
			The Blood Vessels
				The Blood Vessels house Blood and are the vehicle for the circulation of Qi and Blood
				The Blood Vessels transport the refined food essences, Qi and Blood all over the body
			The Gall Bladder
			The Four Seas
			Self-assessment questions
			End Notes
3 The Causes of Disease
	Introduction
		The prenatal period
		Childhood
		Adult life
	End Notes
	20 Internal Causes of Disease
		Different view of emotions in Chinese and Western medicine
		When does an emotion become a cause of disease?
		Emotions as causes of disease
		Interaction of body and mind
		Positive counterpart of emotions
		The emotions and the Internal Organs
			Effects of emotions on Qi
		All emotions affect the Heart
		Effects of emotions on the body
		Anger
		Joy
		Sadness
		Worry
		Pensiveness
		Fear
		Shock
		Self-assessment questions
		End Notes
	21 External Causes of Disease
		Climate as a Cause of Disease
		Bacteria and Viruses in Relation to ‘Wind’
		Historical Background
		Climatic Factors as Patterns of Disharmony
		Artificial ‘Climates’ as Causes of Disease
		Pathology and Clinical Manifestations of Exterior Pathogenic Factors
		Aversion to Cold and Fever
			Aversion to cold
				Fever
		Symptoms and Signs of Exterior Pathogenic Factors Patterns
			Wind
			Cold
			Summer-Heat
			Dampness
			Dryness
			Fire
		Consequences of Invasion of Exterior Pathogenic Factors
			Invasions of exterior pathogenic factors resulting in an exterior pattern
			Invasions of exterior pathogenic factors without an exterior pattern
			Invasions of exterior pathogenic factors resulting in obstruction of muscles and channels
		Self-assessment questions
		End Notes
	22 Miscellaneous Causes of Disease
		Weak Constitution
			The importance of constitution in health and disease
			The hereditary constitution is not entirely fixed and unchangeable
			Causes of weak constitution
			Strong prenatal constitution
			Weak prenatal constitution
			Assessment of constitution
		Overwork
			Definition
			Effects of overwork in relation to Qi and Yin
		Excessive Physical Work (and Lack of Exercise)
			Definition
			Effects of excessive physical work
			Lack of exercise
		Excessive Sexual Activity
			Sexual life and the Kidney-Essence
			Definition of ‘excessive’ sexual activity
			Differences between men’s and women’s sexuality
			Sexual causes of disease in women
			Insufficient sex as a cause of disease
			Sexual desire
			Beneficial effects of sexual activity
		Diet
			Modern changes in food
			Insufficient eating
			Overeating
			Types of food and their energetic effect
				Cold foods
				Sweet foods and sugar
				Hot foods
				Greasy foods
			Conditions of eating
		Trauma
		Parasites and Poisons
		Wrong Treatment
		Medicinal Drugs
		Drugs
		Self-assessment questions
		End Notes
4 Diagnosis
	Introduction
	End Notes
	23 Diagnosis by Observation
		Introduction
			Correspondence between an individual part and the whole
				The face as a microsystem
				The ear as a microsystem
				The tongue as a microsystem
				Microsystems over the whole body
			Observation of constitutional traits
		Spirit
		Body
			Five-Element body types
			Five-Element correspondences
			Body signs
		Demeanour and Body Movements
		Head and Face
			Hair
			Face colour
				Lustre and moisture of complexion
				The four attributes of normal complexion
				Pathological colours
					White
					Yellow
					Red
					Green
					Blue
					Black
				Deep/floating, distinct/obscure, thin/thick, scattered/concentrated and moist/dry colour
			Face areas
		Eyes
		Nose
		Ears
		Mouth and Lips
		Teeth and Gums
		Throat
			Pharynx
			Tonsils
		Limbs
			Swelling of the joints of the four limbs
			Oedema of the four limbs
			Flaccidity of the four limbs
			Rigidity of the four limbs
			Paralysis of the four limbs
			Contraction of the four limbs
			Tremor or spasticity of the four limbs
			Nails
			Thenar eminence
			Index finger in babies
		Skin
		Tongue
			Tongue-body colour
				Pale
				Red
				Deep-Red
				Purple
				Blue
			Tongue-body shape
				Thin
				Swollen
				Stiff
				Flaccid
				Long
				Short
				Cracked
				Quivering
				Deviated
				Toothmarked
			Tongue coating
			Moisture
		Channels
		Self-assessment questions
		End Notes
	24 Diagnosis by Interrogation
		Nature of Diagnosis by Interrogation
		Nature of ‘Symptoms’ in Chinese Medicine
		The Art of Interrogation: Asking the Right Questions
		Terminology Problems in Interrogation
		Procedure for Interrogation
		Identification of Patterns and Interrogation
		Tongue and Pulse Diagnosis: Integration with Interrogation
		The 10 Traditional Questions
		Three New Questions for Western Patients
			Questions on emotional state
			Questions about sexual life
			Questions on energy levels
		The 16 Questions
			1. Pain
				Aetiology and pathology of pain
			2. Food and taste
				Food
				Taste
				Vomit
			3. Stools and urine
				Stools
					Constipation
					Diarrhoea
				Urine
					Function
					Pain
					Colour
					Amount
			4. Thirst and drink
			5. Energy levels
			6. Head, face and body
				Head
					Headache
						Onset
						Time of day
						Location
						Character of pain
						Condition
					Dizziness
				Face
					Feeling of heat in the face
					Facial pain
					Runny nose
					Bleeding gums
					Mouth ulcers
					Cold sores
				Body
					Pain in the whole body
					Backache
					Numbness
			7. Chest and abdomen
				Chest
				Hypochondrium
				Epigastrium
				Abdomen
				Hypogastrium
			8. Limbs
				Weakness of the limbs
				Numbness/tingling of the limbs
				Generalized joint pain
				Muscle ache in the limbs
				Difficulty in walking (atrophy/flaccidity of limbs)
				Tremor of limbs
				Cold hands
				Weak knees
				Cold feet
				Feeling of heaviness of the limbs
			9. Sleep
				Insomnia
				Lethargy
			10. Sweating
				Area of body
				Time of day
				Condition of illness
				Quality of sweat
			11. Ears and eyes
				Ears
					Tinnitus
						Onset
						Pressure
						Character of noise
					Deafness
				Eyes
					Eye pain
					Blurred vision
					Dry eyes
			12. Feeling of cold, feeling of heat and fever
				Interior conditions
					Feeling of cold
					Feeling of heat
				Exterior conditions
					Aversion to cold
					‘Fever’
					Simultaneous aversion to cold and ‘fever’
					Feeling of heat in diseases of exterior origin
					Alternating feeling of cold and feeling of heat
			13. Emotional symptoms
				Depression
				Fear/anxiety
				Irritability/anger
				Worry/overthinking
				Sadness and grief
			14. Sexual symptoms
				Men
					Impotence
					Lack of libido
					Premature ejaculation
					Tiredness and dizziness after ejaculation
				Women
					Lack of libido
				Headache soon after orgasm
			15. Women’s symptoms
				Menstruation
					Cycle
					Amount
					Colour
					Quality
					Pain
				Leucorrhoea
					Colour
					Consistency
					Smell
				Pregnancy
				Childbirth
			16. Children’s symptoms
				Digestive symptoms
				Respiratory symptoms and earache
				Sleep
				Immunizations
		Self-assessment questions
	25 Diagnosis by Palpation
		Pulse Diagnosis
			Introduction
				Historical background
				Assignment of organs to pulse positions
				Reconciliation of contradictions
				The clinical significance of the pulse as a whole
				Organ versus channel in pulse diagnosis
				The three levels
			Method for taking the pulse
				Time
				Levelling the arm
				Placing the fingers
				Arranging the fingers
				Regulating the fingers
				Using the fingers
				Moving the fingers
				Equalizing the breathing
			Factors to take into account
				Seasons
				Gender
				Occupation
			The normal pulse
				Stomach-Qi
				Spirit
				Root
			The pulse qualities
				1. Floating (Fu)
					Feeling
					Clinical significance
				2. Deep (Chen)
					Feeling
					Clinical significance
				3. Slow (Chi)
					Feeling
					Clinical significance
				4. Rapid (Shu)
					Feeling
					Clinical significance
				5. Empty (Xu)
					Feeling
					Clinical significance
				6. Full (Shi)
					Feeling
					Clinical significance
				7. Slippery (Hua)
					Feeling
					Clinical significance
				8. Choppy (Se)
					Feeling
					Clinical significance
				9. Long (Chang)
					Feeling
					Clinical significance
				10. Short (Duan)
					Feeling
					Clinical significance
				11. Overflowing (Hong)
					Feeling
					Clinical significance
				12. Fine (Xi)
					Feeling
					Clinical significance
				13. Minute (Wei)
					Feeling
					Clinical significance
				14. Tight (Jin)
					Feeling
					Clinical significance
				15. Wiry (Xian)
					Feeling
					Clinical significance
				16. Slowed-down (Huan)
					Feeling
					Clinical significance
				17. Hollow (Kou)
					Feeling
					Clinical significance
				18. Leather (Ge)
					Feeling
					Clinical significance
				19. Firm (Lao)
					Feeling
					Clinical significance
				20. Soggy (or Weak-Floating) (Ru)
					Feeling
					Clinical significance
				21. Weak (Ruo)
					Feeling
					Clinical significance
				22. Scattered (San)
					Feeling
					Clinical significance
				23. Hidden (Fu)
					Feeling
					Clinical significance
				24. Moving (Dong)
					Feeling
					Clinical significance
				25. Hasty (Cu)
					Feeling
					Clinical significance
				26. Knotted (Jie)
					Feeling
					Clinical significance
				27. Intermittent (Dai)
					Feeling
					Clinical significance
				28. Hurried (Ji)
					Feeling
					Clinical significance
		Palpating the Skin
			Temperature
			Moisture and texture
		Palpating the Limbs
			Palpation of hands and feet
			Palpation and comparison of dorsum and palm
			Palpating the hand
		Palpating the Chest
			Palpating the apical beat
			Palpating the area below the xiphoid process
			Palpating the chest
			Palpating the breast
		Palpating the Abdomen
		Palpating Points
		Self-assessment questions
		End Notes
	26 Diagnosis by Hearing and Smelling
		Diagnosis by Hearing
			Voice
			Breathing
			Cough
			Vomiting
			Hiccup
			Borborygmi
			Sighing
			Belching
		Diagnosis by Smelling
			Body odour
			Odour of bodily secretions
				Breath
				Sweat
				Sputum
				Urine and stools
				Vaginal discharge and lochia
				Intestinal gas
		Self-assessment questions
5 Pathology
	Introduction
	27 The Pathology of Full and Empty Conditions
		Introduction
		Nature of ‘Pathogenic Factor’ in Chinese Medicine
			External pathogenic factors
			Internal pathogenic factors
				Qi stagnation
				Blood stasis
				Internal Wind
				Internal Dampness
				Internal Cold
				Phlegm
					Phlegm is a Yin pathogenic factor and it injures Yang
					Phlegm is sticky and obstructs the Qi mechanism
					Phlegm causes lumps
					Phlegm flows and moves, always changing
					Phlegm often harbours stasis
					Phlegm is the origin of many diseases, many diseases have Phlegm
					Phlegm easily damages Stomach and Spleen
					Phlegm easily mixes with other pathogenic factors
				Heat
				Fire
		Full Conditions
		Empty Conditions
		Full/Empty Conditions
			No pathogenic factor–normal Upright Qi
			No pathogenic factor–deficient Upright Qi
			Strong pathogenic factor–strong Upright Qi
			Strong pathogenic factor–deficient Upright Qi
			Weak pathogenic factor–strong Upright Qi
			Weak pathogenic factor–deficient Upright Qi
		Interaction Between Pathogenic Factors and Upright Qi
		Self-assessment questions
		End Note
	28 The Pathology of Yin–Yang Imbalance
		Imbalance of Yin and Yang
		Yin–Yang Imbalance and Heat–Cold Patterns
		Transformation and Interaction between Yin and Yang
		Excess of Yang
		Deficiency of Yang
		Excess of Yin
		Deficiency of Yin
		Principles of Treatment
		Self-assessment questions
	29 Pathology of the Qi Mechanism
		Pathology of the Ascending/Descending of Qi
			Pathology of ascending/descending of Qi in the Internal Organs
				Spleen
				Stomach
				Lungs
				Heart
				Liver
				Kidneys
				Bladder
				Small Intestine
				Large Intestine
			Pathology of ascending/descending of Qi in the channels
			Pathology of ascending/descending of Qi in orifices and sense organs
		Pathology of the Entering/Exiting of Qi
			Pathology of the entering/exiting of Qi in the channels
			Pathology of the entering/exiting of Qi in the space between the skin and muscles
			Pathology of the entering/exiting of Qi in the Triple Burner cavities
			Pathology of the entering/exiting of Qi in the organs
			Pathology of the entering/exiting of Qi in the joints
			Pathology of the entering/exiting of Qi in the orifices
			Pathology of the entering/exiting of Qi in the Essence
			Pathology of the entering/exiting of Qi in the Mind (Shen)
			Pathology of the entering/exiting of Qi in the Membranes (Huang)
			Pathology of the entering/exiting of Qi in the Fat Tissue (Gao)
		Self-assessment questions
		End Notes
6 Identification of Patterns
	Introduction
	Concept of ‘Pattern’
	Concept of ‘Disease’ in Chinese Medicine
	The Relationship between Chinese Medicine Diseases and Patterns
	The Concept of ‘Disease’ in Chinese Medicine Compared to Diseases in Western Medicine
	Characteristics of ‘Symptoms’ and ‘Signs’ in Chinese Medicine
	Identifying Patterns
	Methods of Identification of Patterns
		Identification of patterns according to the Eight Principles
		Identification of patterns according to Qi, Blood and Body Fluids
		Identification of patterns according to the Internal Organs
		Identification of patterns according to pathogenic factors
		Identification of patterns according to the Six Stages
		Identification of patterns according to the Four Levels
		Identification of patterns according to the Three Burners
		Identification of patterns according to the 12 channels
	Identification of patterns according to the Eight Extraordinary Vessels
	Identification of patterns according to the Five Elements
	End Notes
	1 Identification of Patterns according to the Eight Principles and Qi–Blood–Body Fluids
		Introduction
		Identification of Patterns According to the Eight Principles
		Identification of Patterns According to Qi, Blood and Body Fluids
		30 Identification of Patterns according to the Eight Principles
			Exterior–Interior
				Exterior
					Definition
					Exterior patterns
					Clinical manifestations of exterior patterns
				Interior
			Hot–Cold
				Hot
					Full-Heat
						Aetiology
					Empty-Heat
						Aetiology
				Cold
					Full-Cold
						Aetiology
					Empty-Cold
						Aetiology
			Combined Hot and Cold
				Cold on the Exterior–Heat in the Interior
				Heat on the Exterior–Cold in the Interior
				Heat above–Cold below
				Combination of Heat and Cold patterns
				True Cold–False Heat and True Heat–False Cold
			Full-Empty
				Full conditions
				Mixed Full–Empty conditions
				Empty conditions
					Empty Qi
					Empty Yang
					Empty Blood
					Empty Yin
			Yin–Yang
				Collapse of Yin
				Collapse of Yang
			Self-assessment questions
			End Notes
		31 Identification of Patterns according to Qi–Blood–Body Fluids
			Qi Pattern Identification
				Qi deficiency
				Qi sinking
				Qi stagnation
				Rebellious Qi
			Blood Pattern Identification
				Deficiency of Blood
				Stasis of Blood
					Liver
					Heart
					Lungs
					Stomach
					Intestines
					Uterus
				Heat in the Blood
				Loss of Blood
			Body Fluid Pattern Identification
				Deficiency of Body Fluids
					Lungs
					Stomach
					Kidneys
					Large Intestine
				Oedema
				Phlegm
					Substantial versus non-substantial Phlegm
						Substantial Phlegm
						Non-substantial Phlegm
							Under the skin
							In the channels
							Misting the Heart
							In Gall Bladder or Kidneys
							In the joints
						Types of Phlegm according to nature
							Damp-Phlegm
							Phlegm-Heat
							Cold-Phlegm
							Wind-Phlegm
							Qi-Phlegm
							Phlegm-Fluids
								1. Phlegm-Fluids in Stomach and Intestines
								2. Phlegm-Fluids in the hypochondrium
								3. Phlegm-Fluids in the limbs
								4. Phlegm-Fluids above the diaphragm
			Self-assessment questions
			End Note
	2 Identification of Patterns according to the Internal Organs
		Introduction
			A pattern may consist of only a few symptoms
			The patterns are not pigeon holes
			The Organ patterns are not ‘diseases’ of the organs in a Western medical sense
			Organ patterns as they are listed describe advanced cases of such disharmonies
			Combination of patterns
			Tongue and pulse abnormalities may be the only clinical manifestations of a pattern
			Patterns of Yin deficiency: differentiation from Empty-Heat
			Patterns are not cast in stone
				A brief summary of the functions of the organ
				The clinical manifestations
				The aetiology
				The pathology
				Pathological precursors of the pattern
				Pathological developments from the pattern
				The treatment with acupuncture
				Herbal formula
		End Notes
		32 Heart Patterns
			General aetiology
				Exterior pathogenic factors
				Emotions
					Joy
					Sadness and grief
					Anger
					Worry
			Deficiency Patterns
				Heart-Qi deficiency
					Clinical manifestations
					Aetiology
						Emotional problems
						Blood loss
					Pathology
					Pathological precursors of pattern
					Pathological developments from pattern
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Herbal formula
						Three Treasures
				Heart-Yang deficiency
					Clinical manifestations
					Aetiology
					Pathology
					Pathological precursors of pattern
					Pathological developments from pattern
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Herbal formula
				Heart-Yang Collapse
					Clinical manifestations
					Aetiology
					Pathology
					Pathological precursors of pattern
					Pathological developments from the pattern
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Herbal formula
				Heart-Blood deficiency
					Clinical manifestations
					Aetiology
						Diet
						Emotional stress
						Severe blood loss
					Pathology
					Pathological precursors of pattern
					Pathological development from pattern
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Herbal formula
						Three Treasures
				Heart-Yin deficiency
					Clinical manifestations
						Empty-Heat
					Aetiology
						Emotional stress
						Overwork
						External Heat injuring Yin
					Pathology
					Pathological precursors of pattern
					Pathological developments from pattern
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Herbal formula
						Women’s Treasure
			Excess Patterns
				Heart-Fire blazing
					Clinical manifestations
					Aetiology
						Emotional stress
						Diet
					Pathology
					Pathological precursors of pattern
					Pathological developments from pattern
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Herbal formula
						Three Treasures
				Phlegm-Fire harassing the Heart
					Clinical manifestations
					Aetiology
						Emotional stress
						Diet
					Pathology
					Pathological precursors of pattern
					Pathological developments from pattern
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
							Ancient prescription
						Herbal formula
						Three Treasures
				Phlegm misting the Mind
					Clinical manifestations
					Aetiology
						Constitution
						Diet
					Pathology
					Pathological precursors of pattern
					Pathological developments from pattern
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Herbal formula
				Heart-Qi stagnation
					Clinical manifestations
					Aetiology
						Emotional stress
					Pathology
					Pathological precursors of pattern
					Pathological developments from pattern
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Herbal formula
						Three Treasures
				Heart vessel obstructed
					Clinical manifestations
					Aetiology
						Emotional stress
						Diet
						Excessive physical work
					Pathology
					Pathological precursors of pattern
					Pathological developments from pattern
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Herbal formula
			Deficiency–Excess Patterns
				Heart-Blood stasis
					Clinical manifestations
					Aetiology
						Emotional stress
					Pathology
					Pathological precursors of pattern
					Pathological developments from pattern
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Herbal formula
						Three Treasures
			Combined Patterns
			Self-assessment questions
			End Notes
		33 Pericardium Patterns
			The pericardium in invasions of exterior pathogenic factors
				Heat in the Pericardium
					Clinical manifestations
					Aetiology
					Pathology
					Pathological precursors of pattern
					Pathological developments from pattern
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Herbal formula
			The pericardium as the ‘house’ of the mind
				Blood deficiency of the Pericardium
					Clinical manifestations
					Aetiology
					Pathology
					Pathological precursors of pattern
					Pathological developments from pattern
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Herbal formula
				Pericardium-Fire
					Clinical manifestations
					Aetiology
						Emotional strain
						Diet
					Pathology
					Pathological precursors of pattern
					Pathological developments from pattern
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Herbal formula
				Phlegm-Fire harassing the Pericardium
					Clinical manifestations
					Aetiology
						Emotional strain
						Diet
					Pathology
					Pathological precursors of pattern
					Pathological developments from pattern
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Herbal formula
			The pericardium as the ‘centre of the thorax’
				Qi stagnation in the Pericardium
					Clinical manifestations
					Aetiology
					Pathology
					Pathological precursors of pattern
					Pathological developments from pattern
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Herbal formula
				Blood stasis of the Pericardium
					Clinical manifestations
					Aetiology
					Pathology
					Pathological precursors of pattern
					Pathological developments from pattern
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Herbal formula
						Three Treasures
			Self-assessment questions
			End Notes
		34 Liver Patterns
			Note
			General Aetiology
				Exterior pathogenic factors
				Emotions
					Anger
					Worry
					Sadness
				Diet
				Blood loss
			Full Patterns
				Liver-Qi stagnation
					Clinical manifestations
					Aetiology
						Emotional stress
					Pathology
					Pathological precursors of pattern
					Pathological developments from pattern
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Herbal formula
						Three Treasures and Women’s Treasure
				Stagnant Liver-Qi turning into Heat
					Clinical manifestations
					Aetiology
						Emotional stress
						Diet
					Pathology
					Pathological precursors of pattern
					Pathological developments from pattern
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Herbal formula
						Three Treasures
				Rebellious Liver-Qi
					Clinical manifestations
					Aetiology
						Emotional stress
						Diet
					Pathology
					Pathological precursors of pattern
					Pathological developments from pattern
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Herbal formula
				Liver-Blood stasis
					Clinical manifestations
					Aetiology
					Pathology
					Pathological precursors of pattern
					Pathological developments from pattern
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Herbal formula
						Womens’s Treasure
				Liver-Fire blazing
					Clinical manifestations
					Aetiology
						Emotional stress
						Diet
					Pathology
					Pathological precursors of pattern
					Pathological developments from pattern
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Herbal formula
						Three Treasures
				Damp-Heat in the Liver
					Clinical manifestations
					Aetiology
						Diet
					External pathogenic factors
					Pathology
					Pathological precursors of pattern
					Pathological developments from pattern
					Treatment
						Herbal formula
				Stagnation of Cold in the Liver channel
					Clinical manifestations
					Aetiology
					Pathology
					Pathological precursors of pattern
					Pathological developments from pattern
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Herbal formula
			Empty Patterns
				Liver-Blood deficiency
					Clinical manifestations
					Aetiology
						Diet
						Emotional stress
						Excessive physical exercise
						Blood loss
					Pathology
					Pathological precursors of pattern
					Pathological developments from pattern
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Herbal formula
						Three Treasures
				Liver-Yin deficiency
					Clinical manifestations
						Empty-Heat
					Aetiology
					Pathology
					Pathological precursors of pattern
					Pathological developments from pattern
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Herbal formula
						Three Treasures
			Full/Empty Patterns
				Liver-Yang rising
					Clinical manifestations
					Aetiology
						Emotional stress
						Diet
					Pathology
					Pathological precursors of pattern
					Pathological developments from pattern
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Herbal formula
						Three Treasures
				Liver-Wind agitating within
					Extreme Heat generating Wind
						Clinical manifestations
						Aetiology
						Pathology
						Treatment
							Acupuncture
							Herbal formula
					Liver-Yang rising generating Wind
						Liver-Yang rising deriving from Liver-Yin deficiency
							Clinical manifestations
							Treatment
								Acupuncture
								Herbal formula
						Liver-Yang rising deriving from Liver- and Kidney-Yin deficiency
							Clinical manifestations
							Treatment
								Acupuncture
								Herbal formula
						Liver-Yang rising deriving from Liver-Blood deficiency
							Clinical manifestations
							Treatment
								Acupuncture
								Herbal formula
								Three Treasures
					Liver-Fire generating Wind
						Clinical manifestations
						Aetiology
						Pathology
						Treatment
							Acupuncture
							Herbal formula
					Liver-Blood deficiency generating Wind
						Clinical manifestations
						Aetiology
						Pathology
						Treatment
							Acupuncture
							Herbal formula
			Combined Patterns
				Rebellious Liver-Qi invading the Spleen
					Clinical manifestations
					Aetiology
						Emotional stress
						Diet
					Pathology
					Pathological precursors of pattern
					Pathological developments from pattern
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Herbal formula
						Women’s Treasure
				Rebellious Liver-Qi invading the Stomach
					Clinical manifestations
					Aetiology
					Pathology
					Pathological precursors of pattern
					Pathological developments from pattern
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Herbal formula
				Liver-Fire insulting the Lungs
					Clinical manifestations
					Aetiology
					Pathology
					Pathological precursors of pattern
					Pathological developments from pattern
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Herbal formula
				Liver- and Heart-Blood deficiency
					Clinical manifestations
					Aetiology
						Emotional stress
						Diet
						Excessive physical work
						Blood loss
					Pathology
					Pathological precursors of pattern
					Pathological developments from pattern
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Herbal formula
				Note on frequent combinations of Liver patterns
					Liver-Qi stagnation and Liver-Blood deficiency
					Liver-Qi stagnation and Liver-Yang rising
					Liver-Blood deficiency, Liver-Qi stagnation, Liver-Blood stasis, Liver-Yang rising
					Liver-Blood deficiency, Liver-Yang rising, rebellious Liver-Qi
					Rebellious Liver-Qi, Liver-Yang rising
					Liver-Qi stagnation, Liver-Fire
			Self-assessment questions
			End Notes
		35 Lung Patterns
			General Aetiology
				Exterior pathogenic factors
					Wind
					Dryness
					Dampness
				Diet
				Emotions
					Sadness and grief
					Worry
				Life habits
			Empty Patterns
				Lung-Qi deficiency
					Clinical manifestations
					Aetiology
						Constitution
						Emotional stress
						Life habits
						Exterior pathogenic factors
					Pathology
					Pathological precursors of pattern
					Pathological developments from pattern
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Herbal formula
				Lung-Yin deficiency
					Clinical manifestations
						Empty Heat
					Aetiology
						Emotional stress
						Life habits
					Pathology
					Pathological precursors of pattern
					Pathological developments from pattern
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Herbal formula
						Three Treasures
				Lung Dryness
					Clinical manifestations
					Aetiology
						Exterior dryness
						Irregular diet
					Pathology
					Pathological precursors of pattern
					Pathological developments from pattern
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Herbal formula
			Full Patterns: Exterior
				Invasion of Lungs by Wind-Cold
					Clinical manifestations
					Aetiology
					Pathology
					Pathological precursors of pattern
					Pathological developments from pattern
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Herbal formula
						Three Treasures
				Invasion of Lungs by Wind-Heat
					Clinical manifestations
					Aetiology
					Pathology
					Pathological precursors of pattern
					Pathological developments from pattern
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Herbal formula
						Three Treasures
				Invasion of Lungs by Wind-Water
					Clinical manifestations
					Aetiology
					Pathology
					Pathological precursors of pattern
					Pathological developments from pattern
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Herbal formula
			Full Patterns: Interior
				Lung-Heat
					Clinical manifestations
					Aetiology
					Pathology
					Pathological precursors of pattern
					Pathological developments from pattern
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Herbal formula
				Damp-Phlegm in the Lungs
					Clinical manifestations
					Aetiology
						Exterior pathogenic factors
						Diet
					Pathology
					Pathological precursors of pattern
					Pathological developments from pattern
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Herbal formula
						Three Treasures
				Cold-Phlegm in the Lungs
					Clinical manifestations
					Aetiology
						External pathogenic factors
						Diet
					Pathology
					Pathological precursors of pattern
					Pathological developments from pattern
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Herbal formula
				Phlegm-Heat in the Lungs
					Clinical manifestations
					Aetiology
						Diet
						Life habits
						Exterior pathogenic factors
						Emotional stress
					Pathology
					Pathological precursors of pattern
					Pathological developments from pattern
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Herbal formula
						Three Treasures
				Dry-Phlegm in the Lungs
					Clinical manifestations
					Aetiology
						Diet
					Pathology
					Pathological precursors of pattern
					Pathological developments from pattern
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Herbal formula
				Phlegm-Fluids obstructing the Lungs
					Clinical manifestations
					Aetiology
						Diet
						Excessive physical work
					Pathology
					Pathological precursors of pattern
					Pathological developments from pattern
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Herbal formula
			Combined Patterns
				Lung- and Heart-Qi deficiency
					Clinical manifestations
					Aetiology
						Emotional problems
						Overwork
					Pathology
					Pathological precursors of pattern
					Pathological developments from pattern
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Herbal formula
			Self-assessment questions
			End note
		36 Spleen Patterns
			General Aetiology
				Exterior pathogenic factors
				Emotional strain
					Pensiveness
					Worry
				Diet
			Empty Patterns
				Spleen-Qi deficiency
					Clinical manifestations
					Aetiology
						Diet
						Emotional strain
						Climate
						Chronic disease
					Pathology
					Pathological precursors of pattern
					Pathological developments from pattern
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Herbal formula
						Three Treasures
				Spleen-Yang deficiency
					Clinical manifestations
					Aetiology
					Pathology
					Pathological precursors of pattern
					Pathological developments from pattern
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Herbal formula
				Spleen-Qi sinking
					Clinical manifestations
					Aetiology
					Pathology
					Pathological precursors of pattern
					Pathological developments from pattern
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Herbal formula
						Three Treasures
				Spleen not controlling Blood
					Clinical manifestations
					Aetiology
					Pathology
					Pathological precursors of pattern
					Pathological developments from pattern
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Herbal formula
				Spleen-Blood deficiency
					Clinical manifestations
					Aetiology
					Pathology
					Pathological precursors of pattern
					Pathological developments from pattern
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Herbal formula
						Three Treasures
			Full Patterns
				Cold-Dampness invading the Spleen
					Clinical manifestations
					Aetiology
					Pathology
					Pathological precursors of pattern
					Pathological developments from pattern
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Herbal formula
						Three Treasures
				Damp-Heat invading the Spleen
					Clinical manifestations
					Aetiology
					Pathology
					Pathological precursors of pattern
					Pathological developments from pattern
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Herbal formula
						Three Treasures
			Combined Patterns
				Spleen- and Heart-Blood deficiency
					Clinical manifestations
					Aetiology
						Diet
						Emotional stress
						Excessive physical work
						Severe blood loss
					Pathology
					Pathological precursors of pattern
					Pathological developments from pattern
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Herbal formula
						Three Treasures
				Spleen- and Lung-Qi deficiency
					Clinical manifestations
					Aetiology
						Diet
						Life habits
					Pathology
					Pathological precursors of pattern
					Pathological developments from pattern
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Herbal formula
				Spleen- and Liver-Blood deficiency
					Clinical manifestations
					Aetiology
					Pathology
					Pathological precursors of pattern
					Pathological developments from pattern
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Herbal formula
						Three Treasures
				Obstruction of Spleen by Dampness with stagnation of Liver-Qi
					Clinical manifestations
					Aetiology
					Pathology
					Pathological precursors of pattern
					Pathological developments from pattern
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Herbal formula
			Self-assessment questions
			End Notes
		37 Kidney Patterns
			General Aetiology
				Hereditary weakness
				Emotional strain
				Excessive sexual activity
				Chronic illness
				Overwork
				Old age
			Empty Patterns
				Kidney-Yang deficiency
					Clinical manifestations
					Aetiology
						Chronic illness
						Excessive sexual activity
						Excessive physical work
						Diet
					Pathology
					Pathological precursors of pattern
					Pathological developments from pattern
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Herbal formula
						Three Treasures
				Kidney-Yin deficiency
					Clinical manifestations
						Empty-Heat
					Aetiology
						Overwork
						Excessive sexual activity
						Loss of body fluids
						Loss of blood
						Chronic illness
						Overdosage of Chinese herbs
					Pathology
					Pathological precursors of pattern
					Pathological developments from pattern
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Herbal fomula
						Three Treasures
				Kidney-Qi not Firm
					Clinical manifestations
					Aetiology
						Excessive sexual activity
						Childbirth
						Excessive physical work
					Pathology
					Pathological precursors of pattern
					Pathological developments from pattern
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Herbal formula
				Kidneys failing to receive Qi
					Clinical manifestations
					Aetiology
						Hereditary weakness
						Chronic illness
						Excessive physical work
					Pathology
					Pathological precursors of pattern
					Pathological developments from pattern
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Herbal formula
						Three Treasures
				Kidney-Essence deficiency
					Clinical manifestations
					Aetiology
						Hereditary weakness
						Excessive sexual activity
						Loss of blood
						Childbirth
					Pathology
					Pathological precursors of pattern
					Pathological developments from pattern
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Herbal formula
						Three Treasures
			Empty/Full Patterns
				Kidney-Yang deficiency, Water overflowing
					Clinical manifestations
					Aetiology
						Diet
						Excessive physical work
						Excessive sexual activity
						Hereditary weakness
						Chronic illness
					Pathology
					Pathological precursors of pattern
					Pathological developments from pattern
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Herbal formula
				Kidney-Yin deficiency, Empty-Heat blazing
					Clinical manifestations
					Aetiology
					Pathology
					Pathological precursors of pattern
					Pathological developments from pattern
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Herbal formula
			Combined Patterns
				Kidney- and Liver-Yin deficiency
					Clinical manifestations
						Empty-Heat
					Aetiology
					Pathology
					Pathological precursors of pattern
					Pathological developments from pattern
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Herbal formula
				Kidneys and Heart not harmonized
					Clinical manifestations
					Aetiology
					Pathology
					Pathological precursors of pattern
					Pathological developments from pattern
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Herbal formula
						Women’s Treasure
				Kidney- and Lung-Yin deficiency
					Clinical manifestations
						Empty-Heat
					Aetiology
					Pathology
					Pathological precursors of pattern
					Pathological developments from pattern
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Herbal formula
				Kidney- and Spleen-Yang deficiency
					Clinical manifestations
					Aetiology
					Pathology
					Pathological precursors of pattern
					Pathological developments from pattern
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Herbal formula
			Self-assessment questions
			End Notes
		38 Stomach Patterns
			General Aetiology
				Diet
					The nature of food eaten
					The regularity of meal times
					The conditions of eating
				Emotional strain
				Exterior pathogenic factors
			Empty Patterns
				Stomach-Qi deficiency
					Clinical manifestations
					Aetiology
						Diet
						Chronic illness
					Pathology
					Pathological precursors of pattern
					Pathological developments from pattern
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Herbal formula
						Three Treasures
				Stomach Deficient and Cold
					Clinical manifestations
					Aetiology
						Diet
						Exterior pathogenic factors
					Pathology
					Pathological precursors of pattern
					Pathological developments from pattern
						Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Herbal formula
				Stomach-Yin deficiency
					Clinical manifestations
						Empty-Heat
					Aetiology
						Diet
						Constitution
						Fevers
						Drugs
					Pathology
					Pathological precursors of pattern
					Pathological developments from pattern
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Herbal formula
						Three Treasures
			Full Patterns
				Stomach-Qi stagnation
					Clinical manifestations
					Aetiology
						Diet
						Emotional strain
					Pathology
					Pathological precursors of pattern
					Pathological developments from pattern
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Herbal formula
				Stomach-Heat (or Phlegm-Heat)
					Clinical manifestations
						Phlegm-Heat
					Aetiology
						Diet
						Emotional strain
					Pathology
					Pathological precursors of pattern
					Pathological developments from pattern
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Herbal formula
				Cold invading the Stomach
					Clinical manifestations
					Aetiology
					Pathology
					Pathological precursors of pattern
					Pathological developments from pattern
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Herbal formula
				Stomach-Qi rebelling upwards
					Clinical manifestations
					Aetiology
						Diet
						Emotional strain
					Pathology
					Pathological precursors of pattern
					Pathological developments from pattern
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Herbal formula
				Damp-Heat in the Stomach
					Clinical manifestations
					Aetiology
						Diet
						Emotional strain
					Pathology
					Pathological precursors of pattern
					Pathological developments from pattern
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Herbal formula
						Three Treasures
				Retention of Food in the Stomach
					Clinical manifestations
					Aetiology
					Pathology
					Pathological precursors of pattern
					Pathological developments from pattern
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Herbal formula
					Stasis of Blood in the Stomach
						Clinical manifestations
						Aetiology
						Pathology
						Pathological precursors of pattern
						Pathological developments from pattern
						Treatment
							Acupuncture
							Herbal formula
							Three Treasures
			Combined Patterns
				Stomach- and Spleen-Qi deficiency
					Clinical manifestations
					Aetiology
					Pathology
					Pathological precursors of pattern
					Pathological developments from pattern
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Herbal formula
						Three Treasures
				Stomach- and Spleen-Yin deficiency
					Clinical manifestations
					Aetiology
					Pathology
					Pathological precursors of pattern
					Pathological developments from pattern
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Herbal formula
			Self-assessment questions
		39 Small Intestine Patterns
			General Aetiology
				Diet
				Emotional strain
			Full Patterns
				Full-Heat in the Small Intestine
					Clinical manifestations
					Aetiology
						Diet
						Emotional strain
					Pathology
					Pathological precursors of pattern
					Pathological developments from pattern
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Herbal formula
				Small Intestine-Qi pain
					Clinical manifestations
					Aetiology
						Diet
						Emotional strain
					Pathology
					Pathological precursors of pattern
					Pathological developments from pattern
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Herbal formula
				Small Intestine-Qi Tied
					Clinical manifestations
					Aetiology
					Pathology
					Pathological precursors of pattern
					Pathological developments from pattern
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Herbal formula
				Infestation of worms in the Small Intestine
					Clinical manifestations
					Aetiology
					Pathology
					Pathological precursors of pattern
					Pathological developments from pattern
					Treatment
						Herbal formula
			Empty Pattern
				Small Intestine Deficient and Cold
					Clinical manifestations
					Aetiology
					Pathology
					Pathological precursors of pattern
					Pathological developments from pattern
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Herbal formula
			Self-assessment questions
		40 Large Intestine Patterns
			General Aetiology
				Exterior pathogenic factors
					Cold
					Dampness
				Emotional strain
					Sadness
					Worry
					Anger
				Diet
			Full Patterns
				Damp-Heat in the Large Intestine
					Clinical manifestations
					Aetiology
						Diet
						Emotional strain
					Pathology
					Pathological precursors of pattern
					Pathological developments from pattern
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Herbal formula
				Heat in the Large Intestine
					Clinical manifestations
					Aetiology
					Pathology
					Pathological precursors of pattern
					Pathological developments from pattern
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Herbal formula
				Heat obstructing the Large Intestine
					Clinical manifestations
					Aetiology
					Pathology
					Pathological precursors of pattern
					Pathological developments from pattern
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Herbal formula
				Cold invading the Large Intestine
					Clinical manifestations
					Aetiology
					Pathology
					Pathogenic precursors of pattern
					Pathological developments from pattern
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Herbal formula
				Qi Stagnation in the Large Intestine
					Clinical manifestations
					Aetiology
						Diet
						Emotional strain
					Pathology
					Pathological precursors of pattern
					Pathological developments from pattern
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Herbal formula
			Empty Patterns
				Large Intestine Dry
					Clinical manifestations
				Aetiology
					External pathogenic factors
					Diet
					Pathology
					Pathological precursors of pattern
					Pathological developments from pattern
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Herbal formula
				Large Intestine Cold
					Clinical manifestations
					Aetiology
					Pathology
					Pathological precursors of pattern
					Pathological developments from pattern
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Herbal formula
				Collapse of Large Intestine
					Clinical manifestations
					Aetiology
					Pathology
					Pathological precursors of pattern
					Pathological developments from pattern
					Treatment
						Herbal formula
			Self-assessment questions
		41 Gall Bladder Patterns
			General Aetiology
				Diet
				Emotional strain
				External pathogenic factors
			Full Patterns
				Dampness in the Gall Bladder
					Clinical manifestations
					Aetiology
						External pathogenic factors
						Diet
					Pathology
					Pathological precursors of pattern
					Pathological developments from pattern
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Herbal formula
				Damp-Heat in the Gall Bladder
					Clinical manifestations
					Aetiology
						External pathogenic factors
						Diet
						Emotional strain
					Pathology
					Pathological precursors of pattern
					Pathological developments from pattern
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Herbal formula
			Empty Patterns
				Gall Bladder deficient
					Clinical manifestations
					Aetiology
					Pathology
					Pathological precursors of pattern
					Pathological developments from pattern
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Herbal formula
			Combined Patterns
				Damp-Heat in the Gall Bladder and Liver
					Clinical manifestations
					Aetiology
						External pathogenic factors
						Diet
						Emotional strain
					Pathology
					Pathological precursors of pattern
					Pathological developments from pattern
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Herbal formula
			Self-assessment questions
			End Note
		42 Bladder Patterns
			General Aetiology
				Exterior pathogenic factors
				Emotional strain
				Excessive sexual activity
				Excessive physical exercise
			Full Patterns
				Damp-Heat in the Bladder
					Clinical manifestations
					Aetiology
						Exterior pathogenic factors
						Emotional strain
					Pathology
					Pathological precursors of pattern
					Pathological developments from pattern
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Herbal formula
				Damp-Cold in the Bladder
					Clinical manifestations
					Aetiology
					Pathology
					Pathological precursors of pattern
					Pathological developments from pattern
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Herbal formula
			Empty Patterns
				Bladder Deficient and Cold
					Clinical manifestations
					Aetiology
						Excessive sexual activity
						Exterior pathogenic factors
						Excessive physical exercise
					Pathology
					Pathological precursors of pattern
					Pathological developments from pattern
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Herbal formula
				Interstitial cystitis
			Self-assessment questions
	3 Identification of Patterns according to Pathogenic Factors
		Introduction
			Identification of patterns according to pathogenic factors
			Identification of patterns according to the Six Stages
			Identification of patterns according to the Four Levels
			Identification of patterns according to the Three Burners
		43 Identification of Patterns According to Pathogenic Factors
			Wind
				Wind has a rapid onset
				Wind causes rapid changes
				Wind causes manifestations to move from place to place
				Wind causes convulsions, tremors but also paralysis or stiffness
				Wind causes numbness and/or tingling
				Wind affects the top part of the body
				Wind affects the Lungs first (external Wind)
				Wind affects the Liver (internal Wind)
				Wind affects the skin
				Wind causes itching
				External Wind
					Invasion of Wind in the Lung’s Defensive Qi portion
						Wind-Cold
							Explanation
						Wind-Heat
							Explanation
						Wind-Dampness
							Explanation
						Wind-Dryness
							Explanation
						Wind-Water
							Explanation
					Invasion of Wind in the channels of the face (facial paralysis)
					Invasion of Wind in the channels and joints (Painful Obstruction Syndrome)
					Affliction of the Liver channel by external Wind
					Wind in the skin
				Internal Wind
			Cold
				Cold injures Yang
				Cold congeals Blood
				Cold contracts
				Cold causes clear discharges
				Cold pertains to the Kidneys
				External Cold
					Invasion of Cold in the Lung’s Defensive Qi portion
					Invasion of the channels and joints by Cold (Painful Obstruction Syndrome)
					Invasion of the muscles and sinews by Cold
					Invasion of external Cold in Stomach, Intestines and Uterus
				Internal Cold
					Full-Cold
					Empty-Cold
			Summer-Heat
				Summer-Heat injures Yin
				Summer-Heat is a seasonal pathogenic factor
				Summer-Heat invades the top of the body
				Summer-Heat is scattering
				Summer-Heat has some interior Heat
				Summer-Heat harbours Dampness
			Dampness
				Dampness is heavy
				Dampness is dirty
				Dampness is sticky
				External Dampness
					Invasion of external Dampness in Internal Organs
						Invasion of external Dampness in Bladder
						Invasion of external Dampness in the Stomach
						Invasion of external Dampness in Intestines
						Invasion of external Dampness in Uterus
						Invasion of external Dampness in Gall Bladder
					Invasion of acute, external Dampness in channels
					Invasion of acute, external Damp-Heat at the Defensive Qi level
						External Damp-Heat at Defensive Qi level
						External Summer-Heat with Dampness
				Internal Dampness
					Chronic Dampness
						Chronic Dampness in the Internal Organs
							Dampness in Stomach and Spleen
							Dampness in Bladder
							Dampness in Intestines
							Dampness in Uterus
							Dampness in Gall Bladder
							Dampness in Liver
							Dampness in Kidneys
						Chronic Dampness in the channels
						Chronic Dampness in the skin
					Acute Dampness
				Differences between Dampness and Phlegm
			Dryness
				External Dryness
				Internal Dryness
					Stomach-Dryness
					Lung-Dryness
					Kidney-Dryness
			Fire
				Differences between ‘Heat’ and ‘Fire’
				General clinical manifestations of Fire
					Fire is a Yang pathogenic factor and it rises
					Fire is very drying
					Fire damages Blood and Yin
					Fire causes bleeding
					Fire has the potential to general Wind
					Fire affects the Mind
					Fire causes ulcers with swelling
				Organs affected by Fire
					Heart-Fire
					Liver-Fire
					Stomach-Fire
					Fire in the Lungs
					Fire in the Intestines
				Full- versus Empty-Fire
				Toxic Heat
			End Notes
		44 Identification of Patterns According to the Six Stages
			Greater Yang Stage
				Aversion to cold
				Headache and stiff neck
				Floating pulse
			Channel Patterns
				Invasion of Wind-Cold with prevalence of Wind (Attack of Wind)
					Clinical manifestations
					Pathology
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Herbal formula
				Invasion of Wind-Cold with prevalence of Cold (Attack of Cold)
					Clinical manifestations
					Pathology
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Herbal formula
			Organ Patterns
				Accumulation of Water
					Clinical manifestations
					Pathology
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Herbal formula
				Accumulation of Blood
					Clinical manifestations
					Pathology
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Herbal formula
			Bright Yang Stage
				Bright Yang (Yang Ming) channel pattern
					Clinical manifestations
					Pathology
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Herbal formula
				Bright Yang (Yang Ming) organ pattern
					Clinical manifestations
					Pathology
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Herbal formula
			Lesser Yang (Shao Yang) Stage
				Clinical manifestations
				Pathology
				Treatment
					Acupuncture
					Herbal formula
			Greater Yin (Tai Yin) Stage
				Clinical manifestations
				Pathology
				Treatment
					Acupuncture
					Herbal formula
			Lesser Yin (Shao Yin) Stage
				Cold transformation
					Clinical manifestations
					Pathology
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Herbal formula
				Heat transformation
					Clinical manifestations
					Pathology
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Herbal formula
			Terminal Yin (Jue Yin) Stage
				Clinical manifestations
				Pathology
				Treatment
					Acupuncture
					Herbal formula
			Self-assessment questions
			End Notes
		45 Identification of Patterns According to the Four Levels
			Nature of Warm Diseases
			Relationship between Wind-Heat and Warm Diseases
			The Four Levels
				Defensive Qi level (Wei)
				Qi level (Qi)
				Nutritive Qi level (Ying)
				Blood level (Xue)
			Warm Diseases and skin rashes
			Defensive Qi (Wei) Level
				Wind-Heat
					Clinical manifestations
					Pathology
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Herbal formula
				Summer-Heat
					Clinical manifestations
					Pathology
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Herbal formula
				Damp-Heat
					Clinical manifestations
					Pathology
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Herbal formula
				Dry-Heat
					Clinical manifestations
					Pathology
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Herbal formula
			Qi Level
				Lung-Heat (Heat in chest and diaphragm)
					Clinical manifestations
					Pathology
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Herbal formula
				Stomach-Heat
					Clinical manifestations
					Pathology
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Herbal formula
				Intestines Dry-Heat
					Clinical manifestations
					Pathology
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Herbal formula
				Gall Bladder-Heat
					Clinical manifestations
					Pathology
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Herbal formula
				Damp-Heat in Stomach and Spleen
					Clinical manifestations
					Pathology
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Herbal formula
			Nutritive Qi (Ying) Level
				Heat in Nutritive Qi level
					Clinical manifestations
					Pathology
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Herbal formula
				Heat in the Pericardium
					Clinical manifestations
					Pathology
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Herbal formula
			Blood Level
				Heat victorious agitates Blood
					Clinical manifestations
					Pathology
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Herbal formula
				Heat victorious stirring Wind
					Clinical manifestations
					Pathology
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Herbal formula
				Empty-Wind agitating in the Interior
					Clinical manifestations
					Pathology
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Herbal formula
				Collapse of Yin
					Clinical manifestations
					Pathology
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Herbal formula
				Collapse of Yang
					Clinical manifestations
					Pathology
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Herbal formula
			Latent Heat
				Latent Heat Lesser Yang type
				Latent Heat Bright Yang type
					Channel pattern
					Organ pattern
				Latent Heat Lesser Yin type
					Nutritive Qi level
					Blood level
			Relationships between the Four Levels, Six Stages and Three Burners
			Self-assessment questions
		46 Identification of Patterns According to the Three Burners
			Upper Burner
				Wind-Heat in the Lungs’ Defensive Qi portion
					Clinical manifestations
					Pathology
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Herbal formula
				Heat in the Lungs (Qi level)
					Clinical manifestations
					Pathology
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Herbal formula
				Heat in the Pericardium (Nutritive Qi level)
					Clinical manifestations
					Pathology
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Herbal formula
			Middle Burner
				Heat in Bright Yang
					Clinical manifestations
					Pathology
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Herbal formula
				Damp-Heat in the Spleen
					Clinical manifestations
					Pathology
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Herbal formula
			Lower Burner
				Heat in the Kidneys
					Clinical manifestations
					Pathology
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Herbal formula
				Liver-Heat stirs Wind
					Clinical manifestations
					Pathology
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Herbal formula
				Liver Empty-Wind
					Clinical manifestations
					Pathology
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Herbal formula
			Self-assessment questions
	4 Identification of Patterns according to the 12 Channels, Eight Extraordinary Vessels and Five Elements
		Introduction
			Identification of patterns according to the 12 channels
			Identification of patterns according to the Eight Extraordinary Vessels
			Identification of patterns according to the Five Elements
		End Note
		47 Identification of Patterns According to the 12 Channels
			Organ versus channel
			Lungs
				Main channel
				Connecting channel
					Empty
					Full
				Muscle channel
			Large Intestine
				Main channel
				Connecting channel
					Empty
					Full
				Muscle channel
			Stomach
				Main channel
				Connnecting channel
					Empty
					Full
					Great Connnecting channel of the Spleen
				Muscle channel
			Spleen
				Main channel
				Connnecting channel
					Empty
					Full
					Great Connnecting channel of the Spleen
				Muscle channel
			Heart
				Main channel
				Connnecting channel
					Empty
					Full
				Muscle channel
			Small Intestine
				Main channel
				Connnecting channel
					Empty
					Full
				Muscle channel
			Bladder
				Main channel
				Connnecting channel
					Empty
					Full
				Muscle channel
			Kidneys
				Main channel
				Connnecting channel
					Empty
					Full
				Muscle channel
			Pericardium
				Main channel
				Connnecting channel
					Empty
					Full
				Muscle channel
			Triple Burner
				Main channel
				Connnecting channel
					Empty
					Full
				Muscle channel
			Gall Bladder
				Main channel
				Connnecting channel
					Empty
					Full
				Muscle channel
			Liver
				Main channel
				Connecting channel
					Empty
					Full
				Muscle channel
			Self-assessment questions
			End Notes
		48 Identification of Patterns According to the Eight Extraordinary Vessels
			Governing Vessel (Du Mai)
				Clinical manifestations
				Connecting channel
				Treatment
					Acupuncture
					Herbs
						Spine, Marrow, Brain
						Yang channels, Bladder, Gall Bladder
					Prescription
			Directing Vessel (Ren Mai)
				Clinical manifestations
				Connecting channel
				Treatment
					Acupuncture
					Herbs
						Uterus and Blood tonics
						Nourishing Yin and clearing Empty-Heat
					Prescription
			Penetrating Vessel (Chong Mai)
				Clinical manifestations
				Treatment
					Acupuncture
					Herbs
						Uterus tonics
						Rebellious Qi
					Prescription
					Women’s Treasure remedy
			Combined Directing and Penetrating Vessel Patterns
				Directing and Penetrating Vessels empty
					Gynaecological manifestations
					Other manifestations
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Prescription
						Women’s Treasure remedy
				Directing and Penetrating Vessels unstable
					Gynaecological manifestations
					Other manifestations
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Prescription
				Directing and Penetrating Vessels deficient and cold
					Gynaecological manifestations
					Other manifestations
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Prescription
						Women’s Treasure remedy
				Blood stasis in the Directing and Penetrating Vessels
					Gynaecological manifestations
					Other manifestations
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Prescription
						Women’s Treasure remedy
				Blood stasis and Dampness in the Directing and Penetrating Vessels
					Gynaecological manifestations
					Other manifestations
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Prescription
						Women’s Treasure remedy
				Full-Heat in the Directing and Penetrating Vessels
					Gynaecological manifestations
					Other manifestations
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Prescription
						Women’s Treasure remedy
				Empty-Heat in the Directing and Penetrating Vessels
					Gynaecological manifestations
					Other manifestations
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Prescription
						Women’s Treasure remedy
				Damp-Heat in the Directing and Penetrating Vessels
					Gynaecological manifestations
					Other manifestations
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Prescription
						Women’s Treasure remedy
				Stagnant Heat in the Directing and Penetrating Vessels
					Gynaecological manifestations
					Other manifestations
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Prescription
						Three Treasures remedy
				Full-Cold in the Directing and Penetrating Vessels
					Gynaecological manifestations
					Other manifestations
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Prescription
						Women’s Treasure remedy
				Uterus deficient and cold
					Gynaecological manifestations
					Other manifestations
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Prescription
						Women’s Treasure remedy
				Dampness and Phlegm in the Uterus
					Gynaecological manifestations
					Other manifestations
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Prescription
						Women’s Treasure remedy
				Stagnant Cold in the Uterus
					Gynaecological manifestations
					Other manifestations
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Prescription
						Women’s Treasure remedy
				Foetus Heat
					Gynaecological manifestations
					Other manifestations
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Prescription
				Foetus Cold
					Gynaecological manifestations
					Other manifestations
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Prescription
						Women’s Treasure remedy
				Blood rebelling upwards after childbirth
					Gynaecological manifestations
					Other manifestations
					Treatment
						Acupuncture
						Prescription
			Girdle Vessel (Dai Mai)
				Clinical manifestations
				Treatment
					Acupuncture
					Herbs
						Astringent herbs which infuse to the Lower Burner
						Herbs which consolidate the Uterus and lift Qi
					Prescription
			Yin Stepping Vessel (Yin Qiao Mai)
				Clinical manifestations
				Treatment
					Acupuncture
					Herbs
					Prescription
			Yang Stepping Vessel (Yang Qiao Mai)
				Clinical manifestations
				Treatment
					Acupuncture
					Herbs
					Prescription
			Yin Linking Vessel (Yin Wei Mai)
				Clinical manifestations
				Treatment
					Acupuncture
					Herbs
					Prescription
			Yang Linking Vessel (Yang Wei Mai)
				Clinical manifestations
				Treatment
					Acupuncture
					Herbs
					Prescription
			End Notes
		49 Identification of Patterns According to the Five Elements
			Generating Sequence Patterns
				Wood not generating Fire
				Fire not generating Earth
				Earth not generating Metal
				Metal not generating Water
				Water not generating Wood
			Overacting Sequence Patterns
				Wood overacting on Earth
				Earth overacting on Water
				Water overacting on Fire
				Fire overacting on Metal
				Metal overacting on Wood
			Insulting Sequence Patterns
				Wood insulting Metal
				Metal insulting Fire
				Fire insulting Water
				Water insulting Earth
				Earth insulting Wood
			Self-assessment questions
7 The Acupuncture Points
	Introduction
	1 Categories of Points
		Introduction
		50 The Five Transporting Points (Shu Points)
			Energetic Actions of the Five Transporting Points
				Well point
				Spring point
				Stream point
				River point
				Sea point
			Actions of the Five Transporting Points From the Classics
				According to the ‘Classic of Difficulties’
					Well points
					Spring points
					Stream points
					River points
					Sea points
				According to the ‘Spiritual Axis’
					Chapter 44
					Chapter 4
					Chapter 6
				According to the seasons
				According to the Five Elements
			Summary
				Well points
					‘Classic of Difficulties’
					Chapter 44 of ‘Spiritual Axis’
					According to seasons
					According to pathogenic factors and Five Elements
				Spring points
					‘Classic of Difficulties’
					Chapter 44 of ‘Spiritual Axis’
					Chapter 4 of the ‘Spiritual Axis’
					Chapter 6 of the ‘Spiritual Axis’
					According to seasons
					According to pathogenic factors and Five Elements
				Stream points
					‘Classic of Difficulties’
					Chapter 44 of ‘Spiritual Axis’
					Chapter 4 of the ‘Spiritual Axis’
					Chapter 6 of the ‘Spiritual Axis’
					According to seasons
					According to pathogenic factors and Five Elements
				River points
					‘Classic of Difficulties’
					Chapter 44 of ‘Spiritual Axis’
					Chapter 6 of the ‘Spiritual Axis’
					According to seasons
				Sea points
					‘Classic of Difficulties’
					Chapter 44 of ‘Spiritual Axis’
					Chapter 4 of the ‘Spiritual Axis’
					Chapter 6 of the ‘Spiritual Axis’
					According to seasons
					According to pathogenic factors and Five Elements
			Self-assessment questions
			End Notes
		51 The Functions of Specific Categories of Points
			Source (Yuan) Points
				Chapter 1 of the ‘Spiritual Axis’
				Chapter 66 of the ‘Classic of Difficulties’
			Connecting (Luo) Points
				Use of the Connecting points in conjunction with the Source points
				Use of the Connecting points on their own according to chapter 10 of the ‘Spiritual Axis’
				Use of the Connecting points according to their energetic influence
					Use of the Connecting points to affect the superficial areas of a channel in tendinomuscular problems
					Use of the Connecting points to treat stagnation
					Use of the Connecting points according to manifestations on the skin
			Back Transporting (Shu) Points
			Front Collecting (Mu) Points
			Accumulation (Xi) Points
			Gathering (Hui) Points
			Points of the Four Seas
				Sea of Food
				Sea of Qi
				Sea of Blood
				Sea of Marrow
			Window of Heaven Points
			12 Heavenly Star Points of Ma Dan Yang
			Sun Si Miao’s 13 Ghost Points
			Points of the Eye System (Mu Xi)
			Five Command Points
			Self-assessment questions
			End Notes
		52 The Eight Extraordinary Vessels – Introduction
			Introduction
			Functions of the Extraordinary Vessels
				The extraordinary vessels as reservoirs of Qi
				The extraordinary vessels and the Kidney-Essence
				The extraordinary vessels and Defensive Qi (Wei Qi)
				The extraordinary vessels and the life cycles
				The extraordinary vessels and the Six Extraordinary Yang Organs
				The extraordinary vessels and the Four Seas
				The extraordinary vessels and the orifices
				The extraordinary vessels’ regulating, balancing and integrating function
			Energetic dynamics of the extraordinary vessels
				Governing, Directing and Penetrating Vessels (Du, Ren and Chong Mai)
				Yin and Yang Stepping Vessels (Yin and Yang Qiao Mai)
				Yin and Yang Linking Vessels (Yin and Yang Wei Mai)
				Girdle Vessel (Dai Mai)
			Clinical Use of the Extraordinary Vessels
				Points to open the extraordinary vessels
				Opening points versus points on the extraordinary vessels
					Using the opening and coupled points
						Using the opening and coupled points reaches the area governed by that vessel
						Using the opening and coupled points to bring into play the role of extraordinary vessels as reservoirs
					Using a point on the vessel
				When to use an extraordinary vessel
					Problems of several channels simultaneously
					Complicated conditions
					Involvement of an organ and a different channel
					Confusing situations of Heat–Cold and Deficiency–Excess
					Some mental–emotional problems
					Some neurological problems
					When the pulse has the same quality in several positions
			Self-assessment questions
			End Notes
		53 The Eight Extraordinary Vessels
			Governing Vessel (Du Mai)
				Pathway
				Clinical applications
					Tonifies Kidney-Yang
					Strengthens the back
					Nourishes the Brain and Marrow
					Strengthens the Mind (Shen)
					Expels exterior Wind
					Extinguishes interior Wind
				Classical indications
				Herbal therapy
					Herbs
					Formulae
			Directing Vessel (Ren Mai)
				Pathway
				Clinical applications
					Nourishes Yin
					Regulates the Uterus and Blood
					Moves Qi in the Lower Burner and Uterus
					Promotes the descending of Lung-Qi and the Kidneys’ receiving of Qi
					Promotes the transformation, transportation and excretion of fluids
					Activates the Triple Burner
					Controls Fat Tissue and Membranes (Gao and Huang)
					Combination of Governing and Directing Vessels’ points
				Classical indications
				Herbal therapy
					Herbs
					Formulae
			Penetrating Vessel (Chong Mai)
				Pathway
				Clinical applications
					Clinical significance of the five branches of the Penetrating Vessel
						The internal branch
						The abdominal branch
						The head branch
						The spinal branch
						The descending branch
					Clinical significance of the various names of the Penetrating Vessel
						Sea of Blood
						Sea of the 12 Channels
						Sea of the Five Yin and Six Yang Organs
					Rebellious Qi of the Penetrating Vessel
					Blood stasis in gynaecology
					The Penetrating Vessel and the Membranes (Huang)
					The Penetrating Vessel and the female breast
					The Penetrating Vessel and the Heart
					The Penetrating Vessel and the Stomach
					The Penetrating Vessel and Qi circulation to the feet
					The Penetrating Vessel and the ‘ancestral muscles’ (Zong Jin)
					Comparison and differentiation between the Directing and Penetrating Vessels
				Classical indications
				Herbal therapy
					Herbs
					Formulae
			Girdle Vessel (Dai Mai)
				Pathway
				Clinical applications
					Harmonizes the Liver and Gall Bladder
					Resolves Dampness in the Lower Burner
					Regulates circulation of Qi in the legs
					Affects Qi of Stomach channel in the legs
					The Girdle Vessel and abdominal pain
					The Girdle Vessel in gynaecology
					Fullness and Emptiness of the Girdle Vessel
						Full
						Empty
					The Girdle Vessel and the hips
				Classical indications
				Herbal therapy
					Herbs
					Formulae
			Yin Stepping Vessel (Yin Qiao Mai)
				Pathway
				Clinical applications
					The Yin Stepping Vessel and sleep
					The Yin Stepping Vessel and Atrophy Syndrome (Wei Syndrome)
					Abdominal pain
				Classical indications
				Herbal therapy
					Herbs
					Formulae
			Yang Stepping Vessel (Yang Qiao Mai)
				Pathway
				Clinical applications
					Absorbs Excess Yang from the head
					The Yang Stepping Vessel and the eyes
					The Yang Stepping Vessel in mental problems
					The Yang Stepping Vessel in backache and sciatica
					The Yang Stepping Vessel and the hip
				Classical indications
				Herbal therapy
					Herbs
					Formulae
			Combined Yin and Yang Stepping Vessel Pathology
			Yin Linking Vessel (Yin Wei Mai)
				Pathway
				Clinical applications
					Nourish Blood and Yin
					Mental–emotional problems
					Headaches
				Classical indications
				Herbal therapy
					Herbs
					Formulae
			Yang Linking Vessel (Yang Wei Mai)
				Pathway
				Clinical applications
					Intermittent fevers
					Sides of the body
					Ear problems
				Classical indications
				Herbal therapy
					Herbs
					Formulae
			Combined Yin and Yang Linking Vessel Pathology
				The Yin and Yang Linking Vessels and the waist
				Yang and Yin Linking Vessels influence head and abdomen, respectively
				Harmonization of Nutritive and Defensive Qi
			Self-assessment questions
			End Notes
	2 The functions of the points
		Introduction
			Indications
			Actions
			The area influenced by the point
			The nature of the point according to its classification within a given group of points
			The energetic action of the point within the channel system
		End Notes
		54 Lung Channel
			Main channel pathway
			Connecting channel pathway
			LU-1 Zhongfu Central Palace
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			LU-2 Yunmen Cloud Door
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			LU-3 Tianfu Heavenly Palace
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			LU-5 Chize Foot Marsh
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			LU-6 Kongzui Convergence Hole
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			LU-7 Lieque Branching Cleft
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			LU-8 Jingqu River [Point] Ditch
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			LU-9 Taiyuan Supreme Abyss
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			LU-10 Yuji Fish Border
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			LU-11 Shaoshang Lesser Metal
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			End Notes
		55 Large Intestine Channel
			Main channel pathway
			Connecting channel pathway
			L.I.-1 Shangyang Metal Yang
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			L.I.-2 Erjian Second Interval
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			L.I.-3 Sanjian Third Interval
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			L.I.-4 Hegu Enclosed Valley
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			L.I.-5 Yangxi Yang Stream
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			L.I.-6 Pianli Lateral Passage
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			L.I.-7 Wenliu Warm Gathering
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			L.I.-10 Shousanli Arm Three Miles
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			L.I.-11 Quchi Pool on Bend
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			L.I.-12 Zhouliao Elbow Crevice
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			L.I.-14 Binao Upper Arm
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			L.I.-15 Jianyu Shoulder Bone
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			L.I.-16 Jugu Great Bone
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			L.I.-17 Tianding Heaven’s Tripod
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			L.I.-18 Futu Support the Protuberance
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			L.I.-20 Yingxiang Welcome Fragrance
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			End Notes
		56 Stomach Channel
			Main channel pathway
			Connecting channel pathway
			ST-1 Chengqi Containing Tears
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			ST-2 Sibai Four Whites
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			ST-3 Juliao Great Crevice
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			ST-4 Dicang Earth Granary
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			ST-6 Jiache Jaw Chariot
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			ST-7 Xiaguan Lower Gate
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			ST-8 Touwei Head Corner
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			ST-9 Renying Person’s Welcome
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			ST-12 Quepen Empty Basin
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			ST-18 Rugen Breast Root
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			ST-19 Burong Full
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			ST-20 Chengman Supporting Fullness
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			ST-21 Liangmen Beam Door
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			ST-22 Guanmen Pass Gate
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			ST-25 Tianshu Heavenly Pivot
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			ST-27 Daju Big Greatness
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			ST-28 Shuidao Water Passages
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			ST-29 Guilai Return
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			ST-30 Qichong Penetrating Qi
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			ST-31 Biguan Thigh Gate
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			ST-32 Futu Crouching Rabbit
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			ST-34 Liangqiu Beam Mound
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			ST-35 Dubi Calf Nose
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			ST-36 Zusanli Three Miles of the Foot
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			ST-37 Shangjuxu Upper Great Emptiness
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			ST-38 Tiaokou Narrow Opening
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			ST-39 Xiajuxu Lower Great Emptiness
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			ST-40 Fenglong Abundant Bulge
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			ST-41 Jiexi Dispersing Stream
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			ST-42 Chongyang Penetrating Yang
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			ST-43 Xiangu Sinking Valley
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			ST-44 Neiting Inner Courtyard
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			ST-45 Lidui Sick Mouth
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			End Notes
		57 Spleen Channel
			Main channel pathway
			Connecting channel pathway
			SP-1 Yinbai Hidden White
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			SP-2 Dadu Big Capital
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			SP-3 Taibai Supreme White
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			SP-4 Gongsun Minute Connecting Channels
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			SP-5 Shangqiu Metal Mound
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			SP-6 Sanyinjiao Three Yin Meeting
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			SP-8 Diji Earth Pivot
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			SP-9 Yinlingquan Yin Mound Spring
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			SP-10 Xuehai Sea of Blood
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			SP-12 Chongmen Penetrating Door
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			SP-15 Daheng Big Horizontal Stroke
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			SP-21 Dabao General Control
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			End Notes
		58 Heart Channel
			Main channel pathway
			Connecting channel pathway
			HE-1 Jiquan Supreme Spring
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			HE-3 Shaohai Lesser-Yin Sea
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			HE-4 Lingdao Spirit Path
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			HE-5 Tongli Inner Communication
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			HE-6 Yinxi Yin Crevice
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			HE-7 Shenmen Mind Door
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			HE-8 Shaofu Lesser-Yin Mansion
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			HE-9 Shaochong Lesser-Yin Penetrating
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			End Notes
		59 Small Intestine Channel
			Main channel pathway
			Connecting channel pathway
			S.I.-1 Shaoze Lesser Marsh
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			S.I.-2 Qiangu Front Valley
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			S.I.-3 Houxi Back Stream
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			S.I.-4 Wangu Wrist Bone
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			S.I.-5 Yanggu Yang Valley
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			S.I.-6 Yanglao Nourishing the Elderly
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			S.I.-7 Zhizheng Branch to Heart Channel
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			S.I.-8 Xiaohai Small Intestine Sea
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			S.I.-9 Jianzhen Upright Shoulder
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			S.I.-10 Naoshu Humerus Transporting Point
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			S.I.-11 Tianzong Heavenly Attribution
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			S.I.-12 Bingfeng Watching Wind
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			S.I.-13 Quyuan Bent Wall
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			S.I.-14 Jianwaishu Transporting Point of the Outside of the Shoulder
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			S.I.-15 Jianzhongshu Transporting Point of the Centre of the Shoulder
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			S.I.-16 Tianchuang Heavenly Window
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			S.I.-17 Tianrong Heavenly Appearance
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			S.I.-18 Quanliao Zygoma Crevice
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			S.I.-19 Tinggong Listening Palace
				Location
				Nature
				Action
				Indications
				Comments
		60 Bladder Channel
			Main channel pathway
			Connecting channel pathway
			BL-1 Jingming Eye Brightness
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			BL-2 Zanzhu (or Cuanzhu) Gathered Bamboo
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			BL-5 Wuchu Five Places
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			BL-7 Tongtian Penetrating Heaven
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			BL-9 Yuzhen Jade Pillow
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			BL-10 Tianzhu Heaven Pillar
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			BL-11 Dazhu Big Shuttle
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			Fengmen BL-12 Wind Door
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			BL-13 Feishu Lung Back Transporting Point
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			BL-14 Jueyinshu Terminal Yin Back Transporting Point
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			BL-15 Xinshu Heart Back Transporting Point
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			BL-16 Dushu Governing Vessel Back Transporting Point
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			BL-17 Geshu Diaphragm Back Transporting Point
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			BL-18 Ganshu Liver Back Transporting Point
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			BL-19 Danshu Gall Bladder Back Transporting Point
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			BL-20 Pishu Spleen Back Transporting Point
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			BL-21 Weishu Stomach Back Transporting Point
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			BL-22 Sanjiaoshu Triple Burner Back Transporting Point
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			BL-23 Shenshu Kidney Back Transporting Point
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			BL-24 Qihaishu Sea of Qi Back Transporting Point
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			BL-25 Dachangshu Large Intestine Back Transporting Point
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			BL-26 Guanyuanshu Origin Gate Back Transporting Point
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			BL-27 Xiaochangshu Small Intestine Back Transporting Point
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			BL-28 Pangguangshu Bladder Back Transporting Point
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			BL-30 Baihuanshu White Ring Transporting Point
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			BL-32 Ciliao Second Crevice
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			BL-36 Chengfu Receiving Support
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			BL-37 Yinmen Huge Gate
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			BL-39 Weiyang Supporting Yang
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			BL-40 Weizhong Supporting Middle
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			BL-42 Pohu Door of the Corporeal Soul
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			BL-43 Gaohuangshu (or Gaohuang) Transporting Point of Gaohuang
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			BL-44 Shentang Mind Hall
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			BL-47 Hunmen Door of the Ethereal Soul
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			BL-49 Yishe Intellect Abode
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			BL-51 Huangmen Door of Gaohuang
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			BL-52 Zhishi Room of Will-Power
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			BL-53 Baohuang Bladder Vitals
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			BL-54 Zhibian Lowermost Edge
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			BL-57 Chengshan Supporting Mountain
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			BL-58 Feiyang Flying Up
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			BL-59 Fuyang Instep Yang
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			BL-60 Kunlun Kunlun (Mountains)
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			BL-62 Shenmai Ninth Channel
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			BL-63 Jinmen Golden Door
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			BL-64 Jinggu Capital Bone
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			BL-65 Shugu Binding Bone
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			BL-66 Tonggu Passing Valley
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			BL-67 Zhiyin Reaching Yin
				Location
				Nature
					Actions
					Indications
					Comments
			End Notes
		61 Kidney Channel
			Main channel pathway
			Connecting channel pathway
			KI-1 Yongquan Bubbling Spring
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			KI-2 Rangu Blazing Valley
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			KI-3 Taixi Greater Stream
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			KI-4 Dazhong Big Bell
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			KI-5 Shuiquan Water Spring
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			KI-6 Zhaohai Shining Sea
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			KI-7 Fuliu Returning Current
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			KI-8 Jiaoxin Meeting the Spleen Channel
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			KI-9 Zhubin Guest House
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			KI-10 Yingu Yin Valley
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			KI-11 Henggu Pubic Bone
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			KI-12 Dahe Big Glory
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			KI-13 Qixue Qi Hole
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			KI-14 Siman Four Fullnesses
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			KI-16 Huangshu Transporting Point of ‘Huang’
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			KI-17 Shangqu Bent Metal
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			KI-21 Youmen Door of Darkness
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			KI-23 Shenfeng Mind Seal
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			KI-24 Lingxu Spirit Burial Ground
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			KI-25 Shencang Mind Storage
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			KI-27 Shufu Transporting Point Mansion
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			End Notes
		62 Pericardium Channel
			Main channel pathway
			Connecting channel pathway
			P-1 Tianchi Heavenly Pool
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			P-3 Quze Marsh on Bend
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			P-4 Ximen Cleft Door
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			P-5 Jianshi Intermediary
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			P-6 Neiguan Inner Gate
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			P-7 Daling Great Hill
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			P-8 Laogong Labour Palace
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			P-9 Zhongchong Centre Rush
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			End Notes
		63 Triple Burner Channel
			Main channel pathway
			Connecting channel pathway
			T.B.-1 Guanchong Penetrating the Gate
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			T.B.-2 Yemen Fluid Door
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			T.B.-3 Zhongzhu Middle Islet
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			T.B.-4 Yangchi Yang Pond
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			T.B.-5 Waiguan Outer Gate
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			T.B.-6 Zhigou Branching Ditch
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			T.B.-7 Huizong Converging Channels
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			T.B.-8 Sanyangluo Connecting Three Yang
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			T.B.-10 Tianjing Heavenly Well
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			T.B.-13 Naohui Shoulder Convergence
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			T.B.-14 Jianliao Shoulder Crevice
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			T.B.-15 Tianliao Heavenly Crevice
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			T.B.-16 Tianyou Window of Heaven
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			T.B.-17 Yifeng Wind Screen
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			T.B.-21 Ermen Ear Door
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			T.B.-23 Sizhukong Silk Bamboo Hole
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			End Notes
		64 Gall Bladder Channel
			Main channel pathway
			Connecting channel pathway
			G.B.-1 Tongziliao Pupil Crevice
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			G.B.-2 Tinghui Hearing Convergence
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			G.B.-4 Hanyan Jaw Serenity
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			G.B.-5 Xuanlu Hanging Skull
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			G.B.-6 Xuanli Deviation From Hanging Skull
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			G.B.-8 Shuaigu Leading Valley
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			G.B.-9 Tianchong Penetrating Heaven
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			G.B.-11 Touqiaoyin (Head) Yin Orifices
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			G.B.-12 Wangu Whole Bone
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			G.B.-13 Benshen Mind Root
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			G.B.-14 Yangbai Yang White
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			G.B.-15 Linqi Falling Tears
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			G.B.-17 Zhengying Top Convergence
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			G.B.-18 Chengling Spirit Receiver
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			G.B.-19 Naokong Brain Cavity
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			G.B.-20 Fengchi Wind Pool
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			G.B.-21 Jianjing Shoulder Well
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			G.B.-22 Yuanye Axilla Abyss
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			G.B.-24 Riyue Sun and Moon
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			G.B.-25 Jingmen Capital Door
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			G.B.-26 Daimai Girdle Vessel
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			G.B.-29 Juliao Squatting Crevice
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			G.B.-30 Huantiao Jumping Circle
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			G.B.-31 Fengshi Wind Market
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			G.B.-33 Xiyangguan Knee Yang Gate
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			G.B.-34 Yanglingquan Yang Hill Spring
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			G.B.-35 Yangjiao Yang Crossing
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			G.B.-36 Waiqiu Outer Mound
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			G.B.-37 Guangming Brightness
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			G.B.-38 Yangfu Yang Aid
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			G.B.-39 Xuanzhong Hanging Bell
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			G.B.-40 Qiuxu Mound Ruins
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			G.B.-41 Zulinqi (Foot) Falling Tears
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			G.B.-43 Xiaxi Stream Insertion
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			G.B.-44 Zuqiaoyin (Foot) Yin Orifice
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			End Notes
		65 Liver Channel
			Main channel pathway
			Connecting channel pathway
			LIV-1 Dadun Big Mound
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			LIV-2 Xingjian Temporary in-Between
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			LIV-3 Taichong Bigger Penetrating
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			LIV-4 Zhongfeng Middle Seal
				Location
				Nature
				Action
				Indications
				Comments
			LIV-5 Ligou Gourd Ditch
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			LIV-6 Zhongdu Middle Capital
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			LIV-7 Xiguan Knee Gate
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			LIV-8 Ququan Spring on Bend
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			LIV-13 Zhangmen Completion Gate
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			LIV-14 Qimen Cyclic Gate
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			End Notes
		66 Directing Vessel (Ren Mai)
			Main channel pathway
			Connecting channel pathway
			Ren-1 Huiyin Meeting of Yin
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			Ren-2 Qugu Curved Bone
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			Ren-3 Zhongji Middle Pole
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			Ren-4 Guanyuan Gate to the Original Qi
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			Ren-5 Shimen Stone Door
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			Ren-6 Qihai Sea of Qi
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			Ren-7 Yinjiao Yin Crossing
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			Ren-8 Shenque Spirit Palace
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			Ren-9 Shuifen Water Separation
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			Ren-10 Xiawan Lower Epigastrium
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			Ren-11 Jianli Building Mile
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			Ren-12 Zhongwan Middle of Epigastrium
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			Ren-13 Shangwan Upper Epigastrium
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			Ren-14 Juque Great Palace
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			Ren-15 Jiuwei Dove Tail
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			Ren-17 Shanzhong (or Tanzhong) Middle of Chest
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			Ren-22 Tiantu Heaven Projection
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			Ren-23 Lianquan Corner Spring
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			Ren-24 Chengjiang Saliva Receiver
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			End Notes
		67 Governing Vessel
			Main channel pathway
			Connecting channel pathway
			Du-1 Changqiang Long Strength
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			Du-2 Yaoshu Transporting Point of Lower Back
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			Du-3 Yaoyangguan Lumbar Yang Gate
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			Du-4 Mingmen Gate of Life
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			Du-8 Jinsuo Tendon Spasm
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			Du-9 Zhiyang Reaching Yang
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			Du-11 Shendao Mind Way
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			Du-12 Shenzhu Body Pillar
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			Du-13 Taodao Kiln Way
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			Du-14 Dazhui Big Vertebra
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			Du-15 Yamen Door to Dumbness
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			Du-16 Fengfu Wind Palace
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			Du-17 Naohu Brain Window
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			Du-19 Houding Posterior Vertex
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			Du-20 Baihui Hundred Meetings
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			Du-23 Shangxing Upper Star
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			Du-24 Shenting Mind Courtyard
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			Du-26 Renzhong Middle of Person
				Location
				Nature
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			End Notes
		68 Extra Points
			Sishencong Four Mind Alertness
				Location
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			Yintang Seal Hall
				Location
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			Taiyang Greater Yang
				Location
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			Yuyao Fish Spine
				Location
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			Bitong Free Nose Passages
				Location
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			Jingzhong Middle of Periods
				Location
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			Qimen Door of Qi
				Location
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			Zigong Palace of Child
				Location
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			Tituo Lift and Support
				Location
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			Dingchuan Stopping Asthma
				Location
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			Jinggong Palace of Essence
				Location
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			Huatuojiaji Hua Tuo Back Filling Points
				Location
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			Shiqizhuixia Below the 17Th Vertebra
				Location
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			Jianneiling Inner Shoulder Mound
				Location
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			Baxie Eight Pathogenic Factors
				Location
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			Sifeng Four Cracks
				Location
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			Shixuan Ten Declarations
				Location
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			Xiyan Knee Eyes
				Location
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			Dannangxue Gall Bladder Point
				Location
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			Lanweixue Appendix Point
				Location
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			Bafeng Eight Winds
				Location
				Actions
				Indications
				Comments
			End Note
8 Principles of Treatment
	Introduction
	69 Principles of Treatment
		The Root and the Manifestation (Ben and Biao)
			Treat the Root only
			Treat both the Root and the Manifestation
			Treat the Manifestation first and the Root later
			Multiple Roots and Manifestations
				Multiple Roots, each giving rise to different Manifestations
				One Root giving rise to different Manifestations
				The Root coincides with the Manifestation
		When to Tonify Upright Qi, When to Expel Pathogenic Factors
			Tonify Upright Qi (Zheng Qi)
			Expel the pathogenic factors
			Tonify Upright Qi and expel the pathogenic factors
				First tonify Upright Qi, then expel the pathogenic factors
				First expel the pathogenic factors, then tonify Upright Qi
					Exterior patterns
					Interior patterns
				Tonify the Upright Qi and expel the pathogenic factors simultaneously
		Differences between Acupuncture and Herbal Therapy in the Application of the Treatment Principle
		Self-assessment questions
		End Note
	70 Principles of Combination of Points
		Balancing Distal and Local Points
			Channel problems
				Acute cases
				Chronic cases
			Organ problems
		Balancing Upper and Lower Parts of the Body
		Balancing Left and Right
			Balancing left and right when treating a unilateral problem
			Unilateral needling
		Balancing Yin and Yang
		Balancing Front and Back
		End Notes
Appendix 1 Prescriptions
	Ai Fu Nuan Gong Wan
		Artemisia-Cyperus Warming the Uterus Pill
	An Chong Tang
		Calming the Penetrating Vessel Decoction
	An Shen Ding Zhi Wan
		Calming the Spirit and Settling the Will-Power Pill
	Ba Xian Chang Shou Wan
		Eight Immortals Longevity Pill
	Ba Zheng San
		Eight Rectifications Powder
	Bai He Gu Jin Tang
		Lilium Consolidating Metal Decoction
	Bai Hu Tang
		White Tiger Decoction
	Bai Tou Weng Tang
		Pulsatilla Decoction
	Ban Xia Hou Po Tang
		Pinellia-Magnolia Decoction
	Ban Xia Tang (From “Thousand Golden Ducats Prescriptions”)
		Pinellia Decoction
	Ban Xia Tang (From “Secret Prescriptions of a Frontier Official”)
		Pinellia Decoction
	Bao He Wan
		Preserving and Harmonizing Pill
	Bao Yin Jian
		Protecting Yin Decoction
	Bao Yuan Tang
		Preserving the Source Decoction
	Bei Mu Gua Lou San
		Fritillaria-Trichosanthes Powder
	Bu Fei Tang
		Tonifying the Lungs Decoction
	Bu Gan Tang
		Tonifying the Liver Decoction
	Bu Shen An Tai Yin
		Tonifying the Kidneys and Calming the Foetus Decoction
	Bu Shen Gu Chong Wan
		Tonifying the Kidneys and Consolidating the Penetrating Vessel Pill
	Bu Shen Yang Xue Tang
		Tonifying the Kidneys and Nourishing Blood Decoction
	Bu Zhong Yi Qi Tang
		Tonifying the Centre and Benefiting Qi Decoction
	Cang Fu Dao Tan Wan
		Atractylodes-Cyperus Conducting Phlegm Pill
	Chai Hu Shu Gan Tang
		Bupleurum Soothing the Liver Decoction
	Chang Tai Bai Zhu San
		Long [Life] Foetus Atractylodes Powder
	Chen Xiang Jiang Qi Tang
		Aquilaria Descending Qi Decoction
	Da Bu Yin Wan
		Great Tonifying Yin Pill
	Da Bu Yuan Jian
		Great Tonifying the Original [Qi] Decoction
	Da Ding Feng Zhu
		Big Stopping Wind Pearl
	Dan Shen Yin
		Salvia Decoction
	Dan Zhi Xiao Yao San
		Moutan-Gardenia Free and Easy Wanderer Powder
	Dang Gui Ji Xue Teng Tang
		Angelica-Ji Xue Teng Decoction
	Dang Gui Jian Zhong Tang
		Angelica Strengthening the Centre Decoction
	Dang Gui Long Hui Tang
		Angelica-Gentiana-Aloe Decoction
	Dang Gui Gui Zhi Tang
		Angelica-Ramulus Cinnamomi Decoction
	Dang Gui Shao Yao San
		Angelica-Paeonia Powder
	Dang Gui Si Ni Tang
		Angelica Four Rebellious Decoction
	Dao Chi San
		Conducting Redness Powder
	Dao Chi Qing Xin Tang
		Conducting Redness and Clearing the Heart Decoction
	Di Sheng Tang
		Supporting the Sage Decoction
	Di Tan Tang
		Scouring Phlegm Decoction
	Ding Xiang Shi Di Tang
		Caryophyllum-Diospyros Decoction
	Duo Ming San
		Seizing Life Powder
	E Jiao Ji Zi Huang Tang
		Gelatinum Corii Asini-Egg Yolk Decoction
	Er Chen Tang
		Two Old Decoction
	Fo Shou San
		Buddha’s Hand Powder
	Fu Tu Dan
		Poria-Cuscuta Pill
	Gan Jiang Ling Zhu Tang
		Glycyrrhiza-Zingiber-Poria-Atractylodes Decoction
	Ge Gen Qin Lian Tang
		Pueraria-Scutellaria-Coptis Decoction
	Ge Xia Zhu Yu Tang
		Eliminating Stasis below the Diaphragm Decoction
	Gu Chong Tang
		Consolidating the Penetrating Vessel Decoction
	Gu Tai Jian
		Consolidating the Foetus Decoction
	Gui Pi Tang
		Tonifying the Spleen Decoction
	Gui Shen Wan
		Restoring the Kidneys Pill
	Gui Zhi Tang
		Ramulus Cinnamomi Decoction
	Gui Zhi Fu Ling Wan
		Ramulus Cinnamomi-Poria Pill
	Gun Tan Wan
		Vapourizing Phlegm Pill
	Hao Qin Qing Dan Tang
		Artemisia-Scutellaria Clearing the Gall-Bladder Decoction
	Hei Shen San
		Black [Bean] Spirit Powder
	Hua Chong Wan
		Dissolving Parasites Pill
	Hua Gan Jian
		Transforming the Liver Decoction
	Huang Lian E Jiao Tang
		Coptis-Colla Asini Decoction
	Huang Qi Jian Zhong Tang
		Astragalus Strengthening the Centre Decoction
	Huo Xiang Zheng Qi San
		Agastache Upright Qi Powder
	Jian Ling Tang
		Constructing Roof Tiles Decoction
	Jie Du Huo Xue Tang
		Expelling Poison Invigorating Blood Decoction
	Jin Gui Shen Qi Wan
		Golden Chest Kidney-Qi Pill
	Jin Suo Gu Jing Wan
		Metal Lock Consolidating the Essence Pill
	Jing Fang Si Wu Tang
		Schizonepeta-Ledebouriella Four Substances Decoction
	Ju Pi Zhu Ru Tang
		Citrus-Bambusa Decoction
	Li Yin Jian
		Regulating Yin Decoction
	Li Zhong Tang
		Regulating the Centre Decoction
	Li Zhong Wan
		Regulating the Centre Pill
	Li Zhong An Hui Tang
		Regulate the Middle and Calming Roundworms Decoction
	Lian Po Yin
		Coptis-Magnolia Decoction
	Liang Di Tang
		Two “Di” Decoction
	Liang Fu Wan
		Alpinia-Cyperus Pill
	Liang Ge San
		Cooling the Diaphragm Powder
	Liang Shou Tang
		Two Receiving Decoction
	Ling Gan Wu Wei Jiang Xin Tang
		Poria-Glycyrrhiza-Schisandra-Zingiberis-Asarum Decoction
	Ling Gui Zhu Gan Tang
		Poria-Ramulus Cinnamonmi-Atractylodis-Glycyrrhiza Decoction
	Ling Jiao Gou Teng Tang
		Cornu Antelopis-Uncaria Decoction
	Liu Jun Zi Tang
		Six Gentlemen Decoction
	Liu Wei Di Huang Wan
		Six-Ingredient Rehmannia Pill
	Long Dan Xie Gan Tang
		Gentiana Draining the Liver Decoction
	Lu Jiao Tu Si Zi Wan
		Cornus Cervi-Cuscuta Pill
	Ma Huang Tang
		Ephedra Decoction
	Ma Xing Shi Gan Tang
		Ephedra-Prunus-Gypsum-Glycyrrhiza Decoction
	Ma Zi Ren Wan
		Cannabis Pill
	Mu Xiang Liu Qi Yin
		Aucklandia Flowing Qi Decoction
	Nei Bu Wan
		Inner Tonification Pill
	Nuan Gan Jian
		Warming the Liver Decoction
	Ping Wei San
		Balancing the Stomach Powder
	Qi Gong Wan
		Arousing the Uterus Pill
	Qi Ju Di Huang Wan
		Lycium-Chrysanthemum-Rehmannia Pill
	Qing Gan Yin Jing Tang
		Clearing the Liver and Guiding the Period Decoction
	Qing Hai Wan
		Clearing the Sea Pill
	Qing Jing San
		Clearing the Menses Powder
	Qing Luo Yin
		Clearing the Connecting Channels Decoction
	Qing Qi Hua Tan Tang
		Clearing Qi and Resolving Phlegm Decoction
	Qing Re An Tai Yin
		Clearing Heat and Calming the Foetus Decoction
	Qing Re Gu Jing Tang
		Clearing Heat and Consolidating the Menses Decoction
	Qing Re Tiao Xue Tang
		Clearing Heat and Regulating Blood Decoction
	Qing Wei San
		Clearing the Stomach Powder
	Qing Ying Tang
		Clearing Nutritive-Qi Decoction
	Qing Zao Run Chang Tang
		Clearing Dryness and Moisteting the Intestines Decoction
	Qu Tiao Tang
		Expelling Tapeworms Decoction
	Ren Shen Bu Fei Tang
		Ginseng Tonifying the Lungs Decoction
	Rou Fu Bao Yuan Tang
		Cinnamomum-Aconitum Preserving the Source Decoction
	San Jia Fu Mai Tang
		Three Carapaces Restoring the Pulse Decoction
	San Miao Hong Teng Tang
		Three Wonderful Sargentodoxa Decoction
	San Ren Tang
		Three Seeds Decoction
	San Zi Yang Qin Tang
		Three-Seed Nourishing the Ancestors Decoction
	Sang Ju Yin
		Morus-Chrysanthemum Decoction
	Sang Piao Xiao San
		Ootheca Mantidis Powder
	Sang Xing Tang
		Morus-Prunus Decoction
	Sha Shen Mai Dong Tang
		Glehnia-Ophiopogon Decoction
	Shao Fu Zhu Yu Tang
		Lower Abdomen Eliminating Stasis Decoction
	Shao Yao Tang
		Paeonia Decoction
	She Gan Ma Huang Tang
		Belamcanda- Ephedra Decoction
	Shen Fu Tang
		Ginseng-Aconitum Decoction
	Shen Ge San
		Ginseng-Gecko Powder
	Shen Ling Bai Zhu San
		Ginseng-Poria-Atractylodes Powder
	Shen Qi Si Wu Tang
		Ginseng-Astragalus-Four Substances Decoction
	Sheng Hua Tang
		Generating and Resolving Decoction
	Sheng Mai San
		Generating the Pulse Powder
	Sheng Yang Tang
		Raising the Yang Decoction
	Sheng Yu Tang
		Sage Healing Decoction
	Shi Wei San
		Pyrrosia Powder
	Shi Xiao San
		Breaking into a Smile Powder
	Shou Tai Wan
		Foetus Longevity Pill
	Si Jun Zi Tang
		Four Gentlemen Decoction
	Si Mo Tang
		Four Milled-Herb Decoction
	Si Ni San
		Four Rebellious Powder
	Si Ni Tang
		Four Rebellions Decoction
	Si Wu Ma Zi Ren Wan
		Four Substances Cannabis Pill
	Si Wu Tang
		Four Substances Decoction
	Su Zi Jiang Qi Tang
		Perilla-Seed Subduing Qi Decoction
	Suo Gong Zhu Yu Tang
		Contracting the Uterus and Eliminating Stasis Decoction
	Suo Quan Wan
		Contracting the Spring Pill
	Tao He Cheng Qi Tang
		Prunus Conducting Qi Decoction
	Tao Hong Si Wu Tang
		Persica-Carthamus Four Substances Decoction
	Tian Di Jian
		Heaven and Earth Decoction
	Tian Ma Gou Teng Yin
		Gastrodia-Uncaria Decoction
	Tian Tai Wu Yao San
		Top-Quality Lindera Powder
	Tian Wang Bu Xin Dan
		Heavenly Emperor Tonifying the Heart Pill
	Tiao Wei Cheng Qi Tang
		Regulating the Stomach Conducting Qi Decoction
	Tiao Zheng San
		Regulating the Upright Powder
	Tong You Tang
		Penetrating the Depth Decoction
	Tu Si Zi Wan
		Cuscuta Pill
	Wan Dai Tang
		Ending Vaginal Discharge Decoction
	Wei Ling Tang
		Stomach “Ling” Decoction
	Wen Dan Tang
		Warming the Gall-Bladder Decoction
	Wen Jing Tang
		Warming the Menses Decoction
	Wen Shen Tiao Qi Tang
		Warming the Kidneys and Regulating Qi Decoction
	Wu Hu Tang
		Five Tigers Decoction
	Wu Ling San
		Five-Ingredient Poria Powder
	Wu Mei Wan
		Prunus Mume Pill
	Wu Ren Wan
		Five-Seed Pill
	Wu Yao San
		Linderia Powder
	Wu Zhi San
		Five Citrus Powder
	Wu Zhu Yu Tang
		Evodia Decoctoin
	Xi Jiao Di Huang Tang
		Cornus Rhinoceri Rehmannia Decoction
	Xiang Leng Wan
		Aucklandia-Sparganium Pill
	Xiao Chai Hu Tang
		Small Bupleurum Decoction
	Xiao Jian Zhong Tang
		Small Strengthening the Centre Decoction
	Xiao Qing Long Tang
		Small Green Dragon Decoction
	Xiao Yao San
		Free and Easy Wanderer Powder
	Xie Bai San
		Draining the White Powder
	Xie Xin Tang
		Draining the Heart Decoction
	Xing Su San
		Prunus-Perilla Powder
	Xuan Fu Dai Zhe Tang
		Inula-Haematite Decoction
	Xue Fu Zhu Yu Tang
		Blood Mansion Eliminating Stasis Decoction
	Yan Hu Suo Tang
		Corydalis Decoction
	Yang Yin Qing Fei Tang
		Nourishing Yin and Clearing the Lungs Decoction
	Yi Gan San
		Restrain the Liver Powder
	Yi Guan Jian
		One Linking Decoction
	Yi Jia Jian Zheng Qi San
		First Variation of Upright Qi Powder
	Yi Qi Gu Chong Tang
		Benefiting Qi and Consolidating the Penetrating Vessel Decoction
	Yi Yin Jian
		One Yin Decoction
	Yi Wei Tang
		Benefitting the Stomach Decoction
	Yin Chen Hao Tang
		Artemisia Yinchenhao Decoction
	Yin Jia Wan
		Lonicera-Amyda Pill
	Yin Qiao San
		Lonicera-Forsythia Powder
	You Gui Wan
		Restoring the Right [Kidney] Pill
	Yu Yun Tang
		Promoting Pregnancy Decoction
	Yue Ju Wan
		Gardenia-Ligusticum Pill
	Zeng Ye Tang
		Increasing Fluids Decoction
	Zhen Gan Xi Feng Tang
		Pacifying the Liver and Subduing Wind Decoction
	Zheng Qi Tian Xiang San
		Upright Qi Heavenly Fragrance Powder
	Zhi Dai Wan
		Stopping Vaginal Discharge Pill
Appendix 2 Glossary of Chinese Terms
	English-Pinyin Glossary of Chinese Terms
		General
		Symptoms and signs
		Disease-symptoms
		Vital substances
		Emotions
		Channels and points
		Pulse positions
		Pulse qualities
		Methods of treatment
		Pathogenic factors
	Pinyin-English Glossary of Chinese Terms
		General
		Symptoms and signs
		Disease-symptoms
		Vital substances
		Emotions
		Channels and points
		Pulse positions
		Pulse qualities
		Methods of treatment
		Pathogenic factors
Appendix 3 Chronology of Chinese Dynasties
Appendix 4 Bibliography
	Ancient Classics (Listed in Chronological Order)
	Modern Texts
	Journals
	English Language Texts
	Textbooks of Western Medicine
	Foreign Language Texts
Appendix 5 The Classics of Chinese Medicine
	The Yellow Emperor’s Classic of Internal Medicine (between 300 and 100 BC, Warring States Period, Qin and Han dynasties)
		Huang Di Nei Jing
	The Classic of Difficulties (ca. 100 BC, Han dynasty)
		Nan Jing
	Essential Prescriptions of the Golden Chest (AD 220, Han dynasty)
		Jin Gui Yao Lue
	The Pulse Classic (AD 280, Three Kingdoms Period)
		Mai Jing
	Discussion of the Origin of Symptoms in Diseases (AD 610, Sui dynasty)
		Zhu Bing Yuan Hou Lun
	Thousand Golden Ducats Prescriptions (AD 652, Tang dynasty)
		Qian Jin Yao Fang
	Discussion on Stomach and Spleen (1249, Song dynasty)
		Pi Wei Lun
	Qi Jing Ba Mai Kao (1578, Ming dynasty)
		A Study of the Eight Extraordinary Vessels
	A Study of the Pulse by the Pin Hu Lake Master (1578, Ming dynasty)
		Pin Hu Mai Xue
	Compendium of Acupuncture (1601, Ming dynasty)
		Zhen Jiu Da Cheng
	Classic of Categories (1624, Ming dynasty)
		Lei Jing
	Jing Yue Quan Shu (1624, Ming dynasty)
		Complete Book of Jing Yue
	An Explanation of the Acupuncture Points (1654, Qing dynasty)
		Jing Xue Jie
	Yi Zong Jin Jian (1742, Qing dynasty)
		Golden Mirror of Medicine
	Discussion on Blood Patterns (1884, Qing dynasty)
		Xue Zheng Lun
	End Notes
Appendix 6 Self-Assessment Answers
	Chapter 1
	Chapter 2
	Chapter 3
	Chapter 4
	Chapter 5
	Chapter 6
	Chapter 7
	Chapter 8
	Chapter 9
	Chapter 10
	Chapter 11
	Chapter 12
		Heart and Lungs
		Heart and Liver
		Heart and Kidneys
		Liver and Lungs
		Liver and Spleen
		Liver and Kidneys
		Spleen and Lungs
		Spleen and Kidneys
		Lungs and Kidneys
		Spleen and Heart
	Chapter 13
	Chapter 14
	Chapter 15
	Chapter 16
	Chapter 17
	Chapter 18
	Chapter 19
	Chapter 20
	Chapter 21
	Chapter 22
	Chapter 23
	Chapter 24
	Chapter 25
	Chapter 26
	Chapter 27
	Chapter 28
	Chapter 29
	Chapter 30
	Chapter 31
	Chapter 32
	Chapter 33
	Chapter 34
	Chapter 35
	Chapter 36
	Chapter 37
	Chapter 38
	Chapter 39
	Chapter 40
	Chapter 41
	Chapter 42
	Chapter 44
	Chapter 45
	Chapter 46
	Chapter 47
	Chapter 49
	Chapter 50
	Chapter 51
	Chapter 52
	Chapter 53
	Chapter 69
Index
	A
	B
	C
	D
	E
	F
	G
	H
	I
	J
	K
	L
	M
	N
	O
	P
	Q
	R
	S
	T
	U
	V
	W
	X
	Y
	Z