The Fight for the Right to Food: Lessons Learned (International Relations and Development Series)

Coverpage......Page 1
Title......Page 4
Copyright......Page 5
Contents......Page 6
Preface......Page 14
List of Acronyms and Abbreviations......Page 17
1.1 The state of hunger in the world today......Page 22
1.2.1 World Food Summit 1996......Page 25
1.2.2 World Food Summit: five years later......Page 27
1.2.3 Voluntary Guidelines on the Right to Food......Page 28
1.2.4 The United Nations human rights system and the right to food......Page 31
10.1 Introduction......Page 215
2.1 The definition of the right to food......Page 36
2.2 Correlative States’ obligations......Page 39
2.2.3 The obligation to fulfil the right to food......Page 40
2.2.4 The concept of progressive realization of the right to food......Page 41
2.2.7 The obligation of non- discrimination......Page 42
3.1 Women......Page 44
3.1.1 Gender dimensions of the right to food......Page 45
3.1.2 International instruments protecting women’s right to food......Page 48
3.2.2 Children’s right to food under international law......Page 50
3.2.3 Child combatants in armed conflicts and the right to food......Page 52
3.3.1 Rural poverty and access to land......Page 55
3.3.2 Agrarian reform......Page 56
3.4 Fisherpeople......Page 62
3.4.2 Challenges to the right to food for fishing and fish-farming communities......Page 63
3.4.3 A right-to-food approach to fisheries......Page 70
3.5 Indigenous people......Page 71
3.5.1 Key issues facing the right to food of indigenous peoples......Page 74
3.5.2 Legal framework governing the right to food of indigenous peoples......Page 76
3.5.3 Government obligations vis-à-vis the right to food of indigenous peoples......Page 78
3.6 Refugees from hunger......Page 79
3.6.1 Fleeing from hunger......Page 82
3.6.2 The need to recognize refugees from hunger......Page 84
4.1.1 Trade and food security......Page 89
4.1.2 Trade liberalization and the right to food......Page 93
4.1.3 Progress in international trade negotiations and the right to food......Page 95
4.2 Extraterritorial obligations of states to the right to food......Page 99
4.2.1 Legal framework for extraterritorial obligations......Page 100
4.3.2 The legal framework: international organizations and the right to food......Page 105
4.4.1 The impact of transnational corporations on the right to food......Page 112
4.4.2 Holding corporations accountable for human rights violations......Page 115
5.1 The protection of the right to food under international humanitarian law......Page 122
5.1.1 Prohibition of starvation of civilians as a method of warfare......Page 123
5.1.3 Rules for specific categories of person......Page 124
5.2.1 Principles of humanitarian assistance......Page 125
5.2.2 Rules of humanitarian assistance......Page 126
5.3 Enforcement mechanisms for international humanitarian law......Page 128
Part II The Right to Food in Practice: Country Missions in Africa, Asia and Latin America......Page 130
6.1 First mission to Niger......Page 132
6.2.1 Threats of famine......Page 133
6.2.2 Overview of food insecurity situation......Page 134
6.3.1 International obligations......Page 137
6.3.2 National obligations......Page 138
6.3.3 Access to justice and human rights institutions......Page 139
6.4.1 Government policies and institutions......Page 140
6.4.2 Non-governmental organizations and associations......Page 143
6.5.1 Progressive realization......Page 144
6.5.2 Violations of the right to food......Page 145
6.5.3 Obstacles to the realization of the right to food......Page 147
6.6 Conclusions and recommendations......Page 152
6.7 Emergency follow-up......Page 153
7.1 Introduction......Page 156
7.2 Overview of hunger and poverty in Brazil......Page 157
7.3.2 National constitutional norms......Page 160
7.3.3 Access to justice and human rights institutions......Page 161
7.4.1 Government policies for food security and the right to food......Page 162
7.4.2 Activities of non-governmental organizations and social movements......Page 166
7.5.1 Progressive realization......Page 168
7.5.2 Violations of the right to food......Page 169
7.5.3 Obstacles to the realization of the right to food......Page 171
7.6 Conclusions and recommendations......Page 172
8.1 Introduction......Page 176
8.2.1 Overview of food insecurity in Bangladesh......Page 177
8.2.2 Progress......Page 178
8.3.1 International obligations......Page 180
8.3.2 National obligations......Page 181
8.3.3 Access to Justice and human rights institutions......Page 182
8.4.1 Government policies and institutions......Page 184
8.5.1 Progressive realization......Page 187
8.5.2 Violations of the right to food......Page 189
8.5.3 Obstacles to the realization of the right to food......Page 190
8.6 Conclusions and recommendations......Page 193
9.1 Introduction......Page 196
9.2.1 On the verge of humanitarian catastrophe......Page 198
9.2.2 Causes of the food crisis......Page 199
9.3.1 International law status of the Occupied Palestinian Territories in 2003......Page 202
9.3.2 Obligations of the Government of Israel......Page 203
9.3.3 Obligations of the Palestinian Authority......Page 204
9.3.4 Other key laws and institutions......Page 205
9.4.2 Violations of the right to food......Page 206
9.5 Conclusions and recommendations......Page 211
10.2.1 Famine in Ethiopia in 2003......Page 216
10.2.2 Overview of hunger and food insecurity in Ethiopia......Page 218
10.3.2 National constitutional norms......Page 220
10.3.3 Access to justice and human rights institutions......Page 222
10.4.1 Government policies and programmes......Page 223
10.4.2 Policies and programmes of the United Nations system in Ethiopia......Page 226
10.5.1 Progressive realization......Page 228
10.5.2 Violations of the right to food......Page 229
10.5.3 Obstacles to the realization of the right to food......Page 230
10.6 Conclusions and recommendations......Page 232
11.1 Introduction......Page 235
11.2.1 The harsh winters and dzuds......Page 236
11.2.2 Overview of hunger and food insecurity in Mongolia......Page 238
11.3.2 Domestic constitutional and legislative framework......Page 242
11.4.1 Government policies and institutions......Page 245
11.4.2 International agencies and donors......Page 248
11.5.1 Progressive realization of the right to food......Page 249
11.5.2 Violations of the right to food......Page 250
11.5.3 Obstacles to the realization of the right to food......Page 251
11.6 Conclusions and recommendations......Page 254
12.1 Introduction......Page 257
12.2.1 Hunger and food insecurity......Page 258
12.2.2 A history of social conflict......Page 262
12.2.3 The 1996 Peace Accords: framework for a more equitable future......Page 263
12.3.2 Domestic constitutional and legislative framework......Page 264
12.3.3 Access to justice and human rights institutio......Page 266
12.4.1 Government policies and institutions......Page 267
12.4.3 Non governmental organizations and associations......Page 270
12.5.2 Violations of the right to food......Page 271
12.5.3 Obstacles to the realization of the right to food......Page 273
12.6 Conclusions and recommendations......Page 274
13.1 Introduction......Page 278
13.2.1 Hunger and food insecurity......Page 279
13.2.2 Recent developments......Page 283
13.3.2 Domestic constitutional and legislative framework......Page 284
13.3.3 Access to justice and human rights institutions......Page 286
13.4.1 Government policies and institutions......Page 287
13.4.2 Non-governmental organizations and associations......Page 291
13.5.2 Violations of the right to food......Page 292
13.6 Conclusions and recommendations......Page 295
14.1 Introduction......Page 298
14.3 Legal framework related to the right to food in Lebanon......Page 299
14.4.1 During the war......Page 301
14.4.2 After the war......Page 303
14.5 Conclusions and recommendations......Page 308
15.1 Introduction......Page 311
15.2.1 The current situation of malnutrition and food insecurity in Bolivia......Page 312
15.2.2 Social crisis and recent developments in Bolivia......Page 316
15.3.1 International obligations......Page 319
15.3.2 Domestic constitutional and legislative framework......Page 320
15.3.3 Access to justice and human rights institutions......Page 321
15.4.1 Government policies and institutions......Page 322
15.4.3 Social movements and non-governmental organizations......Page 324
15.5.1 Progressive realization of the right to food......Page 325
15.5.2 Violations of the right to food......Page 326
15.5.3 Obstacles to the realization of the right to food......Page 328
15.6 Conclusions and recommendations......Page 329
16.1 Introduction......Page 331
16.2.1 The current situation of malnutrition and food insecurity......Page 332
16.2.2 The dissolution of COMECON......Page 334
16.2.3 The reinforcement of the United States embargo......Page 336
16.3.1 International obligations......Page 337
16.3.2 Domestic constitutional and legislative framework......Page 338
16.3.3 Access to justice and human rights institutions......Page 339
16.4.1 Government policies and institutions......Page 341
16.4.2 United Nations specialized agencies......Page 345
16.4.3 Civil society......Page 346
16.5.2 Main concerns......Page 347
16.5.3 Obstacles to the realization of the right to food......Page 349
16.6 Conclusions and recommendations......Page 350
17 Conclusion......Page 353
17.1.1 Schizophrenia in the UN system and in States’ policies......Page 354
17.1.2 Exclusion and discrimination......Page 356
17.1.3 Powerful non- state actors: transnational corporations......Page 358
17.2.1 Desertification......Page 359
17.2.2 Biofuels......Page 364
17.3.1 The Right to Food Guidelines......Page 371
17.3.2 The adoption of the Optional Protocol to the ICESCR and progress in the justiciability of the right to food......Page 372
17.3.3 The strategy of food sovereignty......Page 373
1. The work of the Special Rapporteur on the right to food and his team......Page 378
2. The right to food: Commission on Human Rights Resolution 2000/10......Page 382
3. The right to food: Commission on Human Rights Resolution 2001/25......Page 385
4. The right to food: Human Rights Council Resolution 7/14......Page 388
5. List of the Special Rapporteur’s reports to the United Nations......Page 395
6. Main recommendations of the Special Rapporteur on the right to food to the Members States of the United Nations and international organizations......Page 396
Notes......Page 406
Index......Page 452